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Biomedical subjects

M Strong

Publications and source records attributed to M Strong.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Genomic organization, nucleotide sequence, and cellular distribution of a Shaw-related potassium channel gene, Kv3.3, and mapping of Kv3.3 and Kv3.4 to human chromosomes 19 and 1.

Genomic and cDNA clones encoding a novel Shaw-related potassium channel gene have been isolated from mice and humans. The mouse-Kv3.3 gene encodes a protein of 679 amino acids. Unlike the vertebrate Shaker-related genes that have intronless coding regions, mouse Kv3.3 is encoded by at least two exons separated by 3 kb of intervening sequence. The amino-terminal 212 amino acids are encoded by a single exon, and the hydrophobic core of the protein beginning at the S1 transmembrane segment is contained in a separate exon. Multiple Kv3.3-hybridizing transcripts are visible in the mouse brain, liver, thymus, and heart. Using probes derived from a human genomic clone containing the 3' exon of human Kv3.3 (KCNC3), we have localized the gene to human chromosome 19. The related gene, human Kv3.4 (KCNC4), was localized to human chromosome 1.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Determination of volumes of fluid in the mouth by fluoride dilution.

A dilution technique, with fluoride as a marker, has been developed to measure the volume of saliva and other fluids in the mouth. Immediately after swallowing, a small amount of fluoride solution is placed in the mouth, mixed with the oral fluids, and expelled from the mouth. The fluoride concentration of the expelled oral fluid is measured and the volume of fluid in the mouth at the time of spitting calculated from the fluoride dilution. Mean values of 0.75 +/- (SD) 0.28 ml for males and 0.72 +/- (SD) 0.16 ml for females were recorded. The accuracy of the volume determination is about +/- 0.10 ml in vivo. This technique has provided a convenient and rapid means of determining saliva volumes. It could also be used to determine rates of secretion and may prove useful in the clinic for assessing a patient's salivary competence.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

How successful deaf teenagers experience and cope with isolation.

This study examined isolation among a group of deaf high school students who were nominated as "outstandingly successful" by their schools in a stratified random sampling from across the United States. From the data contained in 23 case studies, we determined that most of the students, whether from mainstream or residential programs, experienced some degree of isolation from peers or family or both. Nevertheless, most of the students had developed, or had at their disposal, positive strategies for coping with their isolation. These strategies are discussed and implications are drawn for teachers and parents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

John Caffey Award paper. Avascular necrosis: early MR imaging and histologic findings in a canine model.

To examine the early MR and histologic changes of avascular necrosis, we surgically devascularized the distal femur of adult beagle dogs and performed short TR/short TE MR imaging and histologic examinations. MR showed increasing areas of low signal, and histologic examination showed changes of fat necrosis, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrocytic and bony repair. These processes were divided into four stages. Stage 1 is seen in the first days after surgery and consists of homogeneous high signal on MR and only subtle histologic changes of early fat necrosis. Stage 2, seen by 7 days after surgery, shows linear low-signal areas within the high-signal marrow on MR and fat necrosis and an inflammatory infiltrate on histologic sections. Stage 3, seen by 16 days after surgery, shows patchy low signal occupying more of the marrow on MR with a fibrocytic infiltrate on histologic sections. Stage 4, seen by 23 days after surgery, shows a more homogeneous low and intermediate signal on MR and histologic findings of more organized fibrocytes and the onset of new bone formation. Using this model, we have proved that MR imaging can show marrow changes as soon as 1 week after the onset of avascular necrosis. Whereas MR imaging showed a progression of increasing areas of low signal, the histologic findings seen during this time were diverse, including inflammatory infiltration (a previously unreported finding), fat necrosis, and fibrocytic and osseous repair.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Predicted and actual quality of life changes following renal transplantation.

An exploratory-descriptive design was used to examine quality of life (QoL) changes in this follow-up study of renal transplant recipients 16-26 months after transplantation. Of 57 patients interviewed for the original study conducted at transplantation, 39 were interviewed. Interviews included demographic information, open-ended QoL questions, and identification of positive and negative QoL changes. T-test examined differences between pretransplant QoL expectations and post-transplant QoL changes. McNemar's Test determined the categories where changes were more correctly anticipated. Results indicate that although staff more accurately anticipate the degree to which patients' QoL changes, patients more accurately anticipate the types of changes that occur.

Female↗
PubMed1990

Estimation of fluoride absorption from swallowed fluoride toothpastes.

Eight adults ingested five different toothpastes with and without 1,000 ppm (1 microgram/g) fluoride added as NaF or Na2PO3F. The systemic fluoride absorption was estimated by by comparing the areas under salivary fluoride concentration curves produced after the toothpaste ingestion. Of the toothpastes investigated--chalk, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, silica or alumina with sodium monofluorophosphate, and silica with sodium fluoride--the fluoride absorption was found to be statistically significantly lower only from the dicalcium phosphate dihydrate toothpaste. Measuring changing fluoride levels in saliva appears to be an acceptable non-invasive technique for following systemic fluoride absorption.

Absorption↗
PubMed1990

Posttransplant quality of life expectations.

This descriptive exploratory study with 57 renal transplant recipients employed a structured interview guide to determine where patients heard about transplantation, what knowledge they had about transplantation, and why they chose to have a transplant. Nearly half the patients heard about transplantation from their physician and a fourth from their dialysis nurse. Patients had little comprehensive knowledge about transplantation, and most patients indicated transplantation was chosen merely to get off dialysis. The interview also sought to determine what expectations transplant recipients and their nurses had for the patients post-transplant quality of life. Both patients and nurses viewed transplantation as creating many more favorable quality of life changes as opposed to negative changes, however, the nurses anticipated significantly more positive as well as negative changes than did the patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

EKG screening program for school athletes.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cardiovascular cause of sudden death in adolescent athletes. The electrocardiogram is abnormal in more than 90% of these individuals. An EKG screening program was developed in order to ascertain the role of the electrocardiogram in identifying athletes at risk for sudden death. A training program was created to instruct school nurses on how to perform electrocardiograms. A questionnaire/consent form was sent to the parents of the athletes. This form asked basic questions concerning the child's past medical history and family history. The electrocardiograms were interpreted by staff pediatric cardiologists. A total of 1,424 students, ages 13 to 18, had 12-lead electrocardiograms performed. In 88.8% the electrocardiogram was normal and the health screening questionnaire revealed no abnormalities in family or personal medical history. In 6.5% of the students, the family history or screening blood pressure recording justified further evaluation. In 72 students abnormalities on the electrocardiogram were noted (5.1%). There were 87 abnormalities noted in the 72 students. Conduction disturbances and arrhythmias were the most common abnormalities noted. In 12 students evidence of ventricular hypertrophy was found. Echocardiograms and stress tests were normal in these individuals. No student was found to have hypertrophic myopathy and no student was restricted from participating in competitive athletic activities. Despite the apparent negative results of this program there were benefits of the screening project. The program resulted in a closer working relationship between school health officials and a major health care facility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Retention of glucose in oral fluid at different sites in the mouth.

Using glucose as a marker, a detailed study of retention at 5 different sites in the mouth of 1 subject and a less detailed examination of 4 selected sites in the mouths of 10 other subjects revealed site-specific differential patterns of oral retention (or clearance). These patterns seemed independent of sometimes large, absolute day-to-day variations in oral retention which occur in all subjects but appeared to vary somewhat between subjects, probably reflecting slight differences in the anatomy and physiology of the individual mouth. In general, the patterns resembled those recently derived from studies of other oral phenomena such as rates of diffusion out of plaque, fluoride uptake by mineral and hydrogen ion concentrations in plaque. They will dictate the concentrations and thereby influence the activity of all extraneous substances in different regions of the oral cavity and may relate to the site-specific patterns of oral disease.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1988

Availability of fluoride at different sites in the buccal sulcus.

After rinsing with a fluoride solution, the amounts of fluoride taken up by small pieces of dentine placed strategically about the mouth varied considerably from site to site in the oral cavity. The pattern of fluoride availability in this subject's mouth was in line with previous findings about fluoride distribution in his labial sulcus. The present results therefore suggest by analogy that considerable variations in fluoride clearance and concentration must exist throughout the oral cavity. These previous studies of fluoride clearance from the labial sulcus also showed that there are marked differences between individuals. The present findings, emerging from a study of 1 subject, therefore imply a need for more information about the variations in the availability, concentration and clearance of fluoride and, by extrapolation, of other substances throughout the mouths of different individuals.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

Patterns of fluoride distribution on the surface of a tooth fragment after clinical treatment with fluoride gel.

This paper describes site-to-site variations in fluoride concentration in the surface region of a tooth fragment sent from a patient who, following radiation therapy, had been repeatedly treated with fluoride gel. The fluoride content of the tooth surface was determined with the intention of establishing the extent to which the treatment had enhanced the fluoride content of the tooth surface. The work illustrates the difficulties in the choice of a suitable sampling site and the importance of adopting a suitable sampling technique. It highlights, once again, some of the problems encountered in attempting to interpret analytical data about fluoride levels in tooth surfaces.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed1986

Distribution and retention of salivary fluoride from a sodium fluoride tablet following various intra-oral dissolution methods.

The distribution and retention of salivary fluoride were investigated according to the following intra-oral dissolution methods of a sodium fluoride tablet: active chewing/swishing, active sucking/swishing, and passive dissolution in the maxillary and mandibular labial vestibule. The results suggested that the oral cavity was somewhat compartmentalized, in that homogeneous distribution of a dissolved fluoride tablet did not occur throughout the mouth, but rather each site sampled was influenced by various rates of clearance and retention. Tablet chewing may have an advantage over tablet sucking in terms of salivary fluoride retention, and there was a tendency for fluoride to be preferentially retained in the maxillary labial vestibule following swishing. The passive tablet dissolution methods resulted in a less homogeneous distribution of fluoride. Although the fluoride retention values for passive dissolution were impressively superior to either active dissolution method, the alarmingly high salivary fluoride concentrations (4000 ppm F) recorded at the passive dissolution sites should discourage its use until the potential cytotoxicity of this approach is thoroughly investigated.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Distribution of fluoride in human cementum.

Fluoride and phosphorus concentrations were determined in layers of cementum and dentine serially-abraded from the root surface, passing through the cementum-dentine junction and into the underlying dentine, using silicon carbide-impregnated film. The concentrations of F in the cementum mineral were variable but consistently maximal at or near to the external surface of the root and tending to fall towards the interior and across the cementum-dentine junction into the underlying dentine. The F content in the cementum tended to increase with age.

Adolescent↗