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Biomedical subjects

M Stone

Publications and source records attributed to M Stone.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Cross-sectional tongue shape during the production of vowels.

This study used ultrasound imaging to examine the cross-sectional shape of the tongue during the production of the ten English vowels ( see text ) in two consonant contexts--/p/ and /s/--and at two scan angles--anterior and posterior. Results were compared with models of sagittal tongue shape. A newly built transducer holder and head restraint maintained the ultrasound transducer in a fixed position inferior to the mandible at a chosen location and angle. The transducer was free to move only in a superior/inferior direction, and demonstrated reliable tracking of the jaw. Since the tongue is anisotrophic along its length, anterior and posterior scan angles were examined to identify differences in tongue shape. Similarly, the coarticulatory effects of the sibilant /s/ versus the bilabial /p/ were examined, to assess variability of intrinsic tongue shape for the vowels. Results showed that the subject's midsagittal tongue grooving was almost universal for the vowels. Posterior grooves were deeper than anterior grooves. In /s/ context, posterior tongue grooves were shallower than in /p/ context. Anteriorly, /s/ context caused deeper grooves for low vowels. Cross-sectional tongue shape varied with tongue position similarly to sagittal tongue shape.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Clinical usefulness of an algorithm for the early diagnosis of spinal metastatic disease.

We have previously reported an algorithm that invokes several imaging modalities in the early detection of metastatic and benign disease of the spine in patients with cancer (J Clin Oncol 4:576, 1986). The development of new lesions (shown by Tc99m bone scans) in cancer patients with normal neurological examinations is further evaluated with plain radiographs, spinal computed tomography (CT), and CT myelography (CT-M). Of 60 patients in the original study, 28% were diagnosed as having only benign disease and the remainder had spinal metastases. Thecal sac impingement was seen in 47% of patients with metastatic disease and disruption of the posterior vertebral cortex was noted in all patients with epidural compression. We now report the 2-year follow-up of 55 of these patients. Without treatment, the 17 patients diagnosed with benign disease have shown no evidence of local failure in the spine and median survival is greater than 27 months. Thirty-eight patients diagnosed with spinal metastases had a median survival time of 16.9 months. Radiation therapy directed by CT-M findings provided pain relief in 78% of patients with back pain and metastatic disease. No patient, including 19 with thecal sac impingement, developed clinical myelopathy. These results demonstrate the usefulness of an imaging algorithm for the early identification and distinction of spinal metastatic disease and benign disease in patients with cancer.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1987

Infant safety seat use. Reaching the hard to reach.

We crafted an interactive video infant safety seat (ISS) education program for presentation to postpartum mothers. This program was designed to reach all socioeconomic groups with the message that consistent, correct ISS use is important. The program was further designed to be physically portable, versatile, and affordable and to narrow previously observed differences in correct ISS use between groups of high and low socioeconomic status exposed to the same educational message. Observed ISS use at an examination after four months confirmed the utility of this program in meeting the experimental goals. While also reaching other program goals, the interactive video program (64.6% correct use) was found to be at least as effective as a control education program (63.9% correct use).

Health Promotion↗
PubMed1985

Choledochal cysts: results of primary surgery and need for reoperation in young patients.

The UCLA Medical Center experience in the surgical treatment of 23 young patients with choledochal cysts over a 28 year period has been reviewed. All patients had saccular or fusiform extrahepatic cysts, and one patient also had a diverticular cyst. Eleven patients had no intrahepatic dilatation, whereas 9 had cylindrical and 3 cystic intrahepatic dilatation. There were 39 operations for biliary drainage performed: 17 Roux-Y choledochojejunostomies, 7 choledochoduodenostomies, 7 excisions, and 8 miscellaneous procedures. The morbidity for initial operations was 17 percent and for reoperations, 31 percent. Biliary calculi were found after 2 of 23 primary operations (9 percent) and 6 of 16 reoperations (37.5 percent). All developed while enteric drainage was present and were primary bile duct stones. No reoperation was necessary after cyst excision. An intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma developed in one patient treated with enteric drainage. Three of 10 patients who did not undergo cholecystectomy at their initial operation later required laparotomy for cholecystectomy alone. We recommend cholecystectomy and cyst excision when technically feasible for primary operative treatment of choledochal cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Schizotypal personality: psychotherapeutic aspects.

Schizotypal personality (SP) corresponds closely to the concept from which it was derived, "borderline schizophrenia," and represents, in most instances, the intermediate band of the schizophrenia spectrum. Problems often encountered in patients with SP include eccentric social habits, anhedonia, hypersensitivity to criticism, humorlessness, misinterpretation of the moods and statements of others, and inability to fit in socially. While neuroleptic medication may be useful during brief psychotic episodes (to which many patients with SP are prone), the mainstays of treatment are verbal psychotherapies. The chronicity of the condition calls for long-term therapy. An exploratory technique alone seldom suffices; therapy must also include supportive and social-reeducative measures. Modification of socially alienating mannerisms through group therapy and behavioral interventions is often warranted, in addition to one-to-one psychotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder.

The authors assessed three systems for diagnosing borderline personality disorder: DSM-III, the checklist criteria of Spitzer et al., and the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Patients. In an inpatient sample of 51 patients, 43 (84%) met the criteria of at least one of these systems; analyses were carried out on 28 of these patients. Twelve (43%) of these 28 patients met criteria for all three systems, seven (25%) for two systems, and nine (32%) for only one system. Kernberg's structural criteria showed reasonable overlap with the other diagnostic criteria. Affective disorders were prominent across diagnostic measures in this sample of borderline patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Informativeness in stimulus-response modelling.

The concept of informativeness is introduced in the context of A.J. Clark's pioneering "concentration-action" studies, in relation to the stimulus-response function of the accepted theory of agonist/receptor reactions and their observable consequences. The dominance of so-called "null-methods" in the existing literature is noted and contrasted with an informativeness analysis in which the unknown but estimable stimulus-response function plays an explicit rôle. Some statistical advantages of the latter approach are emphasised.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗