Atrio-ventricular conduction intervals in infants and children with and without congenital heart disease.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Stijns.
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The authors report the occurrence of an intralobar pulmonary sequestration in a neonate with symptoms of congestive heart failure, due to a fistula effect in the sequestrated area. The venous drainage was directed mainly to the superior caval vein via azygos vein and accessorily to the left atrium. The patient became asymptomatic after lobectomy performed at the age of 11 days.
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Studying the pulmonary vascular resistance in children with ventricular septal and endocardial cushion defects, the authors found a statistically significant earlier and more severe reaction in children with Down's syndrome as compared to normals. Cardiac investigations with regard to surgical intervention should be made early in life, if the parents wish their child with Down's syndrome to undergo surgery.
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The surgical experience with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) at the University of Louvain (Brussels) between the years 1975 and 1986 is reviewed. Nineteen patients aged two days to three months with TAPVC were studied. The types of TAPVC were supracardiac in 9 patients, cardiac in 4, infracardiac in 4 and mixed in 2. Profound hypothermia induced by surface cooling, limited cardiopulmonary by-pass and total circulatory arrest were used in all cases. The 4 early deaths concerned the first four neonates who were critically ill. All operative survivors are followed for a mean of 3.5 years (12 months to 8 years). There are two late deaths due to reoperation for pulmonary venous obstruction. All 13 survivors are well at last review. Eleven of them have been recatheterized 4 to 33 months after repair (19 months in average). The pulmonary artery and capillary pressures fell to a normal level after a few months. Ventricular function which was markedly depressed preoperatively, was evaluated by quantitative angiocardiography and echocardiography. It returned to normal late postoperatively. The hospital mortality for the repair of TAPVC in the neonates remains appreciable. Total correction at one operation is advisable. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction is of particular concern. The late postoperative functional and hemodynamic results are excellent. The repair of TAPVC can be considered curative.
The technique of circulatory arrest under deep hypothermia has completely changed the therapeutic outlook of some congenital heart malformations in the newborn. The authors have tried this method particularly in neonate cases of the interventricular communication. This experience bears on ten newborn cases aged 3 to 11 months. Surgical indication was mandatory because of global heart failure, unresponsive to conservative treatment. Intracardiac correction is realized under optimal conditions of operative technique by means of the circulatory arrest. In six cases, the interventricular communication is large and isolated; in four cases there were multiple interventricular communications. The immediate postoperative is favourable in all cases. One was reoperated for a residual shunt. Evolution is satisfactory in nine cases. There was one late death. Hemodynamic controls prove the soundness of this method of treatment. Favourable results up to 2 1/2 years after the procedure encouraged the authors to extend the indications for deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest to other congenital anomalies of the newborn.