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Biomedical subjects

M Stewart

Publications and source records attributed to M Stewart.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Measuring the outputs of nursing research and development in Australia: the researchers.

It is vital for nurses to publish in order to provide evidence of their practice and to increase the knowledge base of their discipline. This paper is one of two that reports on an investigation of the nursing research published by Australian authors from 1995-2000 in 11 nursing journals based in Australia, the UK and the USA. The focus of this article is on the researchers drawn from a total of 509 articles that were content analysed and categorised according to topics of research, paradigm, methods used and funding acknowledgment. The researchers were analysed on the basis of gender, discipline, employment base and location. Publications had from one to 10 authors, averaging two, with 26 authors claiming 23.6% of research articles. The most common discipline area was nursing and universities were the leading area of employment. Authorship was not limited to capital cities reflecting the spread of university campuses in rural areas. Research papers made up 12.5% of possible articles, supporting the notion that few nurses publish research papers in the refereed general nursing journals we focused on.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Allele loss on chromosome 11p is associated with poor survival in ovarian cancer.

RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis in 46 ovarian tumour and paired blood samples shows that 33 per cent (5/15) of informative carcinomas had loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 11p15.4 (Calcitonin locus) and 18% (4/22) had LOH at 11p15.5 (Ha-ras). No LOH was detected in five borderline and four benign ovarian tumours. Analysis of survival in the carcinoma group (37 patients) showed a significantly poorer survival in patients whose tumours showed LOH at either or both of these 11p loci (chi 2 = 7.771, p = 0.005). This suggests the presence of a tumour suppressor gene (tsg) on the short arm of chromosome 11 whose loss is associated with particularly aggressive disease.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The validity of an interview to assess a patient's drug taking.

The most practical method of assessing patient compliance is to ask the patient for a self-report; but, how valid is such a report? This study compared one particular interview question to a pill-count measure by studying 98 patients who visited their family physician, received medication instructions, and were interviewed in their homes ten days later. The interview question identified 80 percent of the true noncompliers, as assessed by the pill count (sensitivity). However, the interview question was not equally sensitive for all subgroups of patients. Results for younger patients, patients receiving renewals rather than new prescriptions, and patients taking more than one drug were not as accurate, showing sensitivities of 75 percent, 40 percent, and 60 percent, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Our experiences with breeding of nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) in captivity.

The nine-banded armadillo is considered the best animal model in the study of leprosy. Armadillos have never been successfully bred in the laboratory and therefore animals required for the experiments are captured from the wild and are likely to carry many diseases including leprosy. An attempt was made to breed them in captivity. Our attempt to house them in various combinations in their natural environment in the farmlands of Louisiana was successful. Although a significant increase in conception and delivery was recorded, consistent breeding of the animals was not obtained.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gestational diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes sometimes appears for the first time during pregnancy. It is important that all cases are detected, so all pregnant woman should be screened for this condition. Screening protocols vary but usually involve urinalysis at all clinic visits plus a blood glucose test, taken after a meal, at 24-28 weeks. Risk factors include increasing maternal age (25 years upwards); obesity; family history of diabetes; and previous unexplained stillbirths or babies with congenital abnormalities. There is an increased frequency of gestational diabetes in Oriental women and those from the Indian subcontinent and the Middle East Once diagnosed, careful monitoring of diabetes is essential during pregnancy to minimise complications to mother and baby Mothers should be taught to monitor their own blood glucose levels. There is no place for urinalysis in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus. Advice from a dietitian is important and there should be easy access to a diabetes specialist nurse. The baby may be born large (macrosomia), with an increased risk of respiratory distress syndrome and hypoglycaemia. Hypocalcaemia and hyper-bilirubinaemia are other complications. Mothers may suffer birth trauma and require an assisted delivery because of the baby's large size. Although most women return to normal blood glucose levels in the puerperium, they are at considerably increased risk of developing non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the following years. General education about recognising the symptoms of diabetes should be given, as well as advice about future pregnancies-including the need to seek preconceptual advice.

Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Communication patterns of primary care physicians.

OBJECTIVES: To use audiotape analysis to describe communication patterns in primary care, to relate these to ideal relationship types as described in the literature, and to explore the patterns' relationships with physician and patient characteristics and satisfaction. DESIGN: Description of routine communication in primary care based on audiotape analysis and patient and physician exit questionnaires. SETTING: A total of 11 ambulatory clinics and private practices. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 127 physicians and 537 patients coping with ongoing problems related to disease. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Roter Interactional Analysis System (RIAS) and patient and physician exit satisfaction questionnaires. RESULTS: Cluster analysis revealed 5 distinct communication patterns: (1) "narrowly biomedical," characterized by closed-ended medical questions and biomedical talk occurring in 32% of visits; (2) "expanded biomedical," like the restricted pattern but with moderate levels of psychosocial discussion occurring in 33% of the visits; (3) "biopsychosocial," reflecting a balance of psychosocial and biomedical topics (20% of the visits); (4) "psychosocial," characterized by psychosocial exchange (8% of visits); and (5) "consumerist," characterized primarily by patient questions and physician information giving (8% of visits). Biomedically focused visits were used more often with more sick, older, and lower income patients by younger, male physicians. Physician satisfaction was lowest in the narrowly biomedical pattern and highest in the consumerist pattern, while patient satisfaction was highest in the psychosocial pattern. CONCLUSIONS: Primary care communication patterns range from narrowly biomedical to consumerist patterns and parallel the ideal forms of patient-physician relationships described in the literature.

Analysis of Variance↗