Serum HIV (P24) antigen (Ag) measured by an antigen capture ELISA (Abbott) and anti-P24-antibodies (Abs) measured by a competitive ELISA (Abbott) and by Western Blot (Dupont de Nemours) analysis were correlated with lymphocyte subsets (CD4 and CD8) in 174 HIV seropositive patients without AIDS (non-AIDS) and 26 with AIDS. In the non-AIDS group, 27% of the patients were anti-P24-Ab negative and 21% were Ag positive while in the AIDS group these figures were 62% and 54% respectively (P less than 0.001). Overall, a significant correlation exists between the Ab-Ag profile and the CD4 cell count: the percentage of patients with anti-P24-Ab positive and Ag negative decreases from 90% for patients with more than 900 CD4 cells/microliter to 21% for patients with 100 and less CD4 cells/microliter; on the contrary, the percentage of patients with anti-P24-Ab negative and Ag positive increases from 0% over 800 CD4 cells to 53% under 100 CD4 cells/microliter. A weak correlation may also exist with the CD8 cell count. The subgroup of patients with 1,000 or more CD8 cells/microliter have a higher (but not significant) percentage of subjects with Ag positive and anti-P24-Ab negative than the subgroup with less than 1,000 CD8 cells/microliter. A short-term longitudinal study (mean follow-up: 1 year) was performed on 80 non-AIDS subjects: 77% (10/13) of those who had a CD4 cell decrease (greater than 30%) were initially Ag positive, while only 21% (14/67) of those without a decrease were Ag positive at the beginning (P less than 0.1). Although the relative weight and individual predictive value of each of these parameters need to be classified, they are probably the best biological markers currently available for monitoring clinical trials with experimental drugs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1987

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome after travelling in Africa: an epidemiological study in seventeen Caucasian patients.

Seventeen Caucasian patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) contracted after long stays in Africa are reported. Central Africa was concerned in all cases. Men are particularly exposed to AIDS whatever their occupation. This study suggests that the risk of contracting AIDS in Africa is high; the transmission of the virus was related to sexual contact, particularly with prostitutes, in Africa in most of the cases. It suggests also that Caucasians who travel in Africa spread the virus throughout the world by means of their heterosexual relations.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1987

[Emergency and necessity of thrombolysis in acute massive pulmonary embolism].

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Acute Disease↗

PubMed1987

Urinary digoxin-like immunoreactive substance in pregnancy. Relation to urinary electrolytes.

High concentrations of digoxin-like immunoreactive substance (DLIS) have been identified in amniotic fluid and in blood during pregnancy. In this study, urine from healthy women was analyzed for DLIS during pregnancy and following delivery, and levels were related to various clinical and urinary findings. Urinary DLIS increased progressively during pregnancy, having a linear relation to gestational week (DLIS = 0.032 week + 0.46, Syx = 0.52, r = 0.46, p less than 0.01), and fell to nonpregnant values during the first postpartum day. The urinary DLIS level correlated with urinary creatinine (r = 0.50, p less than 0.01) and urinary calcium (r = 0.56, p less than 0.01) levels. When adjusted for the gestational week, the urinary DLIS level also correlated with urinary potassium (r = 0.48, p less than 0.01), creatinine (r = 0.55, p less than 0.01), and magnesium (r = 0.55, p less than 0.01) levels. After adjustment for the urinary creatinine level, only the relation of urinary DLIS and urinary calcium levels remained significant (r = 0.44, p less than 0.05). The urinary DLIS level was not found to be related to systemic blood pressure. The ratios of sodium to potassium (r = -0.43, p less than 0.05) and calcium to magnesium (r = 0.37, p less than 0.05) were also related to gestational week but were independent of the urinary DLIS level. Thus, urinary DLIS increases progressively during pregnancy and falls to nonpregnant values on the first postpartum day, the urinary DLIS level can be related to urinary creatinine, urinary potassium, and urinary magnesium levels, and when adjusted for the urinary creatinine level, the urinary calcium level relates independently to the urinary DLIS level.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1987

Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in aphemia: a case report.

Local cerebral metabolism was determined in a patient suffering aphemia following cerebral infarction using the 18FDG-PET technique. The syndrome was characterized by profound ictal nonfluency with sparing of other language functions. Speech subsequently improved so that content and grammar were appropriate but mild dysprosody persisted. Conventional CT showed no lesion of the left hemisphere while PET revealed a discrete focus of hypometabolism on the left which partially resolved on serial studies. The metabolic lesion could be localized to the region of the inferior precentral gyrus and the adjacent subcortical space.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

L(2)-cohomology of arithmetic varieties.

The L(2)-cohomology of arithmetic quotients of bounded symmetric domains is studied. We establish the conjecture of Zucker equating the L(2)-cohomology of these spaces to the intersection cohomology of their Baily-Borel compactifications.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1987

Intra-atrial malpositions of Silastic catheters in newborns.

The intra-atrial position of Silastic catheters placed in the center of the right atrium was assessed by two-dimensional echocardiography in 25 newborns. In 32% of the infants, the catheter tip was located in the patent foramen ovale, and in another 40% of the infants, the catheter tip was located close to the patent foramen ovale. This placement increases the risk of systemic air and fat embolism. Consequently, the tip of Silastic catheters should be placed just behind the confluence of the superior-inferior vena cava and the right atrium.

Cardiac Catheterization↗

PubMed1987

The cellular electrophysiologic changes induced by ablation: comparison between argon laser photoablation and high-energy electrical ablation.

The cellular electrophysiologic effects of myocardial ablation performed in vitro with argon laser energy were compared with those of high-energy electrical shocks. A border zone of injured but nonnecrotic tissue surrounding the site of energy delivery was present after tissue ablation by both energy modalities. A decrease in resting membrane potential, action potential amplitude, and maximum rate of upstroke velocity was noted in each tissue sample, was greatest nearest the site of energy delivery, and was of graded severity at increasing distances from the crater edge. The extent of injury, as indexed by changes in action potential variables and necrosis, histologically determined, was greater for tissues exposed to high-energy shocks. The relatively focal injury after argon laser photoablation may explain the lower incidence of arrhythmias and hemodynamic dysfunction noted with the use of this method of ablation in vivo.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1987

[Oculocutaneous albinism and brain atrophy].

We present a 4 months old female infant with oculocutaneous albinism and the clinical picture of motor retardation. Otherwise development appears to be normal. The finding of cerebral atrophy by CT scan is discussed as cerebral residual damage after perinatal hypoxia. A possible relation between albinism and CNS-disorder is described.

Albinism↗

PubMed1986

Food proteins and gut mucosal barrier. IV. Effects of acute and chronic ethanol administration on handling and uptake of bovine serum albumin by rat small intestine.

The effects of ethanol exposure on small intestinal handling and uptake of radiolabeled bovine serum albumin were investigated using everted gut sacs. There was less breakdown of BSA after acute ethanol administration in vitro and after acute and chronic in vivo exposure. Thus, the vascular compartment of the small intestine was confronted with more complete and potentially more antigenic material after ethanol. Changes in BSA binding and uptake after acute exposure were shown to be reversible after 4-6 hr. In all groups, there was more BSA binding when the small intestine was exposed to ethanol. This difference was most pronounced after chronic exposure. In the same group, uptake of BSA was correlated with binding and significantly increased. Combined effects of ethanol on the gut mucosal barrier may account for changes in food antigen handling and uptake.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1986

Penetration of ciprofloxacin into bronchial secretions.

The penetration of ciprofloxacin into bronchial secretions was evaluated in 21 patients after a single oral dose of 500 mg of ciprofloxacin. Ten successive serum samples were collected in the interval 0-12 h after administration, and bronchial samples were taken 2, 3, 4 and 6 h after administration. Concentrations were measured in all samples using a standard microbiological assay. The results showed that the kinetics in serum did not differ from those determined in previous studies, a peak level of 2.2 +/- 1.3 mg/l being achieved at 2 h followed by a slow decrease of the levels to 0.6 +/- 0.4 mg/l at 6 h. The bronchial concentrations reached about 0.5 mg/l at 2 h and remained stable until 6 h, ranging between 0.5 and 0.8 mg/l. The ratio between simultaneous bronchial and serum levels ranged from 0.19 at 2 h to 0.95 at 6 h. These data indicate that ciprofloxacin might be suitable for treatment of severe respiratory infections, especially pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, since the MICs of ciprofloxacin for most bacteria involved in bronchopulmonary infections are very low and tissue diffusion of the drug in the respiratory tract is good.

Aged↗

PubMed1986

Case 62: expansile radiolucent lesion of the mandible.

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Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed1986

Prematurity stereotyping: effects on mother-infant interaction.

The possibility that the self-fulfilling prophecy process can adversely affect the caregiving environment of premature infants was explored in this study. A portion of this process was investigated experimentally by assessing cognitive and behavioral reactions of 27 mothers to unfamiliar full-term infants who were labeled either full-term or premature. Infants who were described as premature were touched less and given a more immature toy to play with, were rated as smaller, finer-featured, and less cute, and were liked less than infants who were labeled full-term. In turn, infants labeled premature were less active during the interaction than infants labeled full-term. College students who later observed the videotapes made of the mother-infant interactions were able to accurately guess which label was assigned to the infants. The results of this study further support the existence of a prematurity stereotype and the impact of expectations on perceptions and behavior.

Adolescent↗