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Biomedical subjects

M Steiner

Publications and source records attributed to M Steiner.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Stage III-IV epithelial carcinoma of the ovary: is the second-look operation of any value for the patient?

A second-look operation (SLO) was performed in 18 of 24 patients operated for Stage III-IV epithelial carcinoma of the ovary in order to assess the effect of chemotherapy and to decide if further treatment, such as radiation therapy, was indicated. All patients had postoperative combination chemotherapy: either with PA [Platinol (Bristol, UK) and adriamycin] or with CHAD (cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum). In 7 of 18 (39%) patients who had SLO following chemotherapy, macroscopic tumor was present; in 7 (39%) patients, microscopic residual or recurrent disease was found, as proven by histological examination of the biopsies taken during the operation. Only in four patients (29.7%) was the SLO negative. Of these patients, three had recurrent disease after 3,6 and 7 months postoperatively. These findings indicate that the SLO was noncontributory to the management of the patients. The role of the SLO commonly used in most current treatment protocols of patients with Stage III-IV epithelial carcinoma of the ovary is questionable and requires further evaluation.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Platelet surface glycosaminoglycans are an effective shield for distinct platelet receptors.

The presence of glycosaminoglycans on the platelet surface was demonstrated by electronmicroscopy and biochemical analysis. Chondroitin ABC lyase was able to remove a substantial portion of the Ruthenium red-stained outer coat of platelets. Analysis of the reaction product released by the enzyme revealed chondroitin 4-sulfate. To determine the biological function of this glycosaminoglycan coat, binding studies with a variety of potential platelet ligands were performed. In decreasing order of effectiveness, chondroitin ABC lyase was able to increase the binding sites of von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen, antibody to platelet-specific antigen P1A1, Fc fragments of IgG, and monomeric IgG. No change in binding was observed with F(ab)2 fragments of IgG, wheat germ agglutinin and pokeweed mitogen. These studies indicate that glycosaminoglycans shield some platelet receptor sites from their respective ligands. Upon release of the heteropolysaccharide from the platelet surface more of these sites become accessible to the ligand. It may be significant that especially glycoproteins involved in platelet adhesion and aggregation are involved in this process.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1987

Effect of fish oil concentrates on hemorheological and hemostatic aspects of diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study.

Fish oil concentrates (Max EPA) were given without other diet modification for eight weeks to five insulin-dependent diabetics and five healthy volunteers, in order to determine their effect on possible in vitro indices of thrombosis. Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, platelet count, and the osmotic fragility of red blood cells were not significantly changed from baseline values after eight weeks of fish oil consumption. Serum triglyceride levels were lowered by the fish oil (diabetics 130 +/- 23 to 89 +/- 26 mg/dl: normals 107 +/- 16 to 57 +/- 5 mg/dl). Nine out of ten subjects required more arachidonic acid to aggregate their platelets, and six out of ten required more collagen. Whole blood viscosity at low shear rates was increased in diabetics before the fish oil ingestion, and was reduced both in normals and in diabetics after eight weeks of treatment. Before fish oil administration, the diabetics had higher levels of von Willebrand Factor (vWF) (208 +/- 31%) than did controls (117 +/- 26%). There was a statistically significant decrease of serum von Willebrand Factor both in diabetics (p less than 0.01) and in normals (p less than 0.05) after six weeks of treatment. Analysis of the multimeric composition of the vWF indicated that the vWF molecule was not altered. Addition of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or crude fish oil to human umbilical cord endothelial cell cultures did not change vWF levels in the supernatant. Whether these changes in platelet aggregation, whole blood viscosity and vWF can actually be translated into an in vivo amelioration of the vascular complications in diabetes remains to be determined in a carefully controlled clinical trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Splenomegaly and solitary spleen metastasis in solid tumors.

Metastasis to the spleen from various neoplasms is very rare. Most of the splenic metastases are found at autopsy, and are part of a widespread disease. Four patients had cervical cancer (1 patient), endometrial cancer (1 patient), lung carcinoma (1 patient), and malignant melanoma (1 patient). All patients had splenic involvement without pathologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and all underwent splenectomy. Three of the four presented with painful splenomegaly. The time from diagnosis to the development of splenic metastasis varied from 20 to 24 months. Two of the four patients had postoperative radiotherapy, one patient received intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and the patient with the melanoma received adjuvant chemotherapy. The rarity of solitary spleen metastasis from solid tumors and the treatment modalities are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Patterns of regional cerebral blood flow related to memorizing of high and low imagery words--an emission computer tomography study.

Patterns of regional cerebral blood flow were investigated in healthy volunteers who were either resting or memorizing meaningless words, abstract nouns, or concrete nouns, the latter being given either with or without an instruction to use visual imagery. Relative regional count rates were subjected to smallest space analysis (SAA) to study the structure of covariations. Memorizing of concrete nouns gave rise to the formation of a continuous correlational subspace which comprised inferior temporal and occipital regions. When concrete nouns were memorized without an imagery instruction the mean hemispheric count rate was higher on the right side, whereas the intentional use of imagery gave rise to a left preponderance. Analysis of correlational structures, however, suggests that in both cases the left hemisphere was predominantly engaged in task solution, and that the difference in hemispheric asymmetries is to be attributed to different modes of interhemispheric collaboration.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome.

Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome exhibits vascular anomalies including hemangiomas and varicose veins that commonly appear in the facial area. Characteristic findings involving the oral cavity include an enlarged maxilla, displacement of teeth, and malocclusions. Two cases are presented, with generalized and oral findings ranging from a mild to a very severe form of the syndrome.

Angiomatosis↗
PubMed1987

Leptomeningeal involvement by epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a case report.

A patient with epithelial ovarian carcinoma, who developed meningeal carcinomatosis, is hereby presented. A review of the literature revealed that only a few cases of this entity have been reported. With the prolonged survival of ovarian cancer patients treated by combination chemotherapy, it is expected that meningeal involvement will be found more often.

Cystadenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Dysregulation of neuroendocrine crossroads: depression, circadian rhythms and the retina--a hypothesis.

The pathophysiology of depression and the mechanism of action of lithium and other antidepressant drugs involve alterations in circadian rhythms. These include changes in both the intrinsic rhythm of circadian oscillators and in the sensitivity of the retina to LIGHT. The retina in humans is the only photoreceptor for circadian entrainment. The retinal-hypothalamic-pineal axis is the essential pathway for neuronal entrainment of rhythms which use light as a phase cue. A common substance throughout this axis in many species is MELATONIN. Retinal melatonin has been implicated in regulation of the sensitivity of the retina to light. The hypothalamus, at THE NEUROENDOCRINE CROSSROADS, has a central role in the integration of neurotransmitters and hormones in circadian rhythms. DYSREGULATION of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal, as well as -gonadal, axes has been documented in depressed patients. Abnormalities in circulating melatonin have also been found in patients with affective disorders. It is speculated that the availability of melatonin along the retinal-hypothalamic-pineal axis may have important implications in the genesis of affective disorders. More specifically--is there a latent biochemical defect which causes a phase shift and change in circadian rhythms of melatonin and/or other neurotransmitters in the retina which then alters the sensitivity of the retina to light (for the visible spectrum) which in turn desynchronizes all other biological rhythms thus disrupting mental well-being? We suggest that variations of retinal photosensitivity in humans can be measured by using a visual testing system, and that depressed patients might show changes in photosensitivity which could be corrected when treated with lithium and/or antidepressants. It is our working hypothesis that the primary defect in depression may be a change in retinal function, and that behavioural and neuroendocrine concomitants of this disorder are secondary events.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1987

Identification of Fc and F(ab')2 IgG receptors on human platelets.

The human platelet receptors for normal, nonimmune IgG and its F(ab')2 and Fc fragments were studied by the use of a cleavable, bifunctional, photoactivable, 125I-labeled cross-linking agent. Derivatization of the ligands with N-[4-(p-azido-m-[125I]iodophenylazo) benzoyl]-3-aminopropyl-N'-oxysuccinimide ester (Denny-Jaffe reagent) reduced their binding to platelets by greater than or equal to 20%. Cleavage of the azo linkage of the Denny-Jaffe reagent, which splits the molecule so that its 125I-labeled portion becomes associated with the receptor half of the cross-linked ligand-receptor complex, was utilized to directly identify receptors for the various immunoglobulin ligands. Specificity of the binding reaction could be demonstrated by suppressing the iodination of the receptors with excess nonderivatized ligand. Two principal IgG-related receptors could be identified by high-resolution NaDodSO4/PAGE and subsequent analysis of the electrophoretically transferred peptides to nitrocellulose filters for localization of radioactivity and immunological characterization. Intact monomeric IgG and F(ab')2 fragments derived from it appeared to have the glycoprotein IIIa as the major receptor, whereas Fc fragments bound predominantly to a peptide of Mr approximately 200,000 (Mr, approximately 50,000 under rigorous reducing conditions).

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1987

Human lung tumors: SPECT quantitation of differences in Co-57 bleomycin uptake.

A newly developed single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) method was used to measure noninvasively the concentration of labeled drugs in human lung tumors. The validity of the method was established by the high correlation (r = .92) between in vivo SPECT measurement of the concentration of glucoheptonate labeled with technetium-99m and in vitro measurement of the concentration of the drug in specimens of nine of the same tumors obtained at surgery. The in vivo concentration of intravenously injected bleomycin labeled with cobalt-57 was measured over time in 14 human lung tumors. Significant differences were found in the uptake of bleomycin by the tumors, even those with the same histologic characteristics, when the concentration over time, the tumor/blood ratio at 30 minutes, and the tumor cumulative concentration were measured in vivo. Since the drug concentration in the blood was not related to the concentration in the tumor (r = .54), uptake of chemotherapeutic drugs should be measured in each patient individually.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Initial experience with technetium-99m HM-PAO brain SPECT.

Technetium-99m hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime ([99mTc]HM-PAO) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was performed with a dual head rotating scintillation camera. Normal tracer distribution and side/side differences of counting rates were obtained in 11 healthy volunteers. Almost stable gray/white matter ratios were found (1.97-2.1) in one normal subject during 2 hr after tracer administration. Eighty-three investigated patients had the following diagnoses (in parentheses is percent of positive findings in each group): cerebral vascular disease 18 (94.4%), epilepsy 23 (82.6%), extrapyramidal disorders 8 (100%), dementia 12 (100%), headache 11 (63.6%), psychiatric disorders 11 (27.3%). In addition, SPECT was performed in 28 male volunteers during motor or visual imagery tasks and a significant increase (p = 0.035) of relative tracer deposition was observed in the left inferior occipital region during visual imagery when compared with motor imagery. The results indicate that [99mTc]HM-PAO SPECT is valuable for demonstrating pathologic and physiologic changes of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Determination of unconjugated 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol by liquid chromatography for monitoring inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity in plasma.

We describe a simple method for extracting 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) from plasma. The sample is applied to a 1-mL "Extrelut" column (EM Industries) and eluted 15 min later with ethyl acetate. After mixing the eluate with pentane and back-extraction into water, we inject 25 or 50 microL of the aqueous phase onto a Beckman 15 cm x 4.6 mm (i.d.) column packed with 5-micron ODS particles (Beckman). Peaks are detected with a coulometric detector. The resulting chromatogram is clean, with few extraneous peaks. The extraction recovery of MHPG is 55-60%, which allows for detection of as little as 0.2 microgram of the analyte per liter. The decrease in the concentration of MHPG in plasma of patients treated with phenelzine agrees with the decrease in monoamine oxidase activity in platelets of these patients.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1986

Involvement of the central nervous system by ovarian carcinoma.

Ovarian carcinoma rarely metastasizes to the central nervous system (CNS). Of 110 patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center between the years 1979 and 1985, only five (4.5%) had CNS involvement. The median age of the patients with 54.5 years. All of them had treatment with cisplatin and Adriamycin (doxorubicin). The median duration from diagnosis to the development of brain involvement was 17 months. The median survival time was 28 months from diagnosis of carcinoma and 2 months from diagnosis of CNS disease. The increased incidence of this kind of metastasis in patients achieving local control of their advanced disease suggests that a change in the pattern of metastatic spread or the prolonged survival permits occult CNS metastases to become apparent. A routine computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan of the brain should therefore be performed on patients with ovarian carcinoma with prolonged survival.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗