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Biomedical subjects

M Stein

Publications and source records attributed to M Stein.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Depression and immunity. Lymphocyte function in ambulatory depressed patients, hospitalized schizophrenic patients, and patients hospitalized for herniorrhaphy.

Mitogen-induced lymphocyte stimulation responses in ambulatory patients with major depressive disorder did not differ from those of matched controls. Lymphocyte responses in hospitalized schizophrenic patients and in patients hospitalized for elective herniorrhaphy similarly did not differ from responses of controls. The number of peripheral-blood T cells was decreased among the ambulatory depressed patients but not in the schizophrenic patients. These findings, together with previously reported decreased lymphocyte function in hospitalized depressed patients, suggest that decreased lymphocyte function is associated specifically with depression and not related to hospital effects or nonspecifically to other psychiatric disorders. The results also suggest that altered immunity in depression may be related to severity of depressive symptoms.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Topographic EEG changes with benzodiazepine administration in generalized anxiety disorder.

The regional cerebral effects of an anxiolytic (clorazepate) in 20 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were assessed using 16-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectral estimate maps of the left hemisphere. Patients were studied with double-blind random assignment to placebo or drug and were assessed at baseline, day 7, and day 14 with EEG and Hamilton Anxiety Ratings. Ten age- and sex-matched normal controls were also tested. Hamilton Anxiety Ratings were decreased significantly more in the drug group than in the placebo group. Topographic maps of EEG activity revealed decreases in occipital alpha and parietal delta, together with increases in posterior frontal (central EEG leads) and parietal beta. Decreases in delta are consistent with a lack of sedation; the reciprocal beta increases in parietal cortex are similarly consistent. This pattern of regional EEG changes in the direction of alert attentiveness, together with individual differences, observed in frontal/parietal and occipital alpha activity, suggests the importance of at least these two cortical regions for anxiolytic action. Differences between patients with generalized anxiety disorder and normals were restricted to the occipital and temporal regions. These results suggest the importance of multilead recording in assessing EEG correlates of drug action.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Variability in the management of the febrile infant under 2 months of age.

The management in the emergency department of febrile infants less than 2 months of age is influenced by the standard of practice in the community. We sought to determine if uniform practices existed across the United States. Individual academically based faculty from 154 (61%) United States pediatric residency programs responding to a questionnaire on the emergency department management of febrile infants less than 2 months of age showed great variability. Twenty-nine respondents reported written policies and 103 reported informal but defined guidelines for the evaluation and management of infants seen at their institutions. There was little consensus among the respondents as to the definition of fever in this age group. Those at institutions with formal policies reported using more laboratory tests in the evaluation. Respondents differed on the number and types of tests used and on antibiotic administration. University affiliation, type of population served, or presence of advanced training programs in ambulatory pediatrics were not related to the type of policy. The care of the young febrile infant varies greatly.

Fever↗
PubMed1985

Inguinal lymph node metastases from testicular tumor.

The Northern Israel Cancer Center serves 1 million inhabitants. Between 1968 and 1982, 33 patients with a diagnosis of nonseminomatous tumors of the testis were referred to this center. Of these patients inguinal lymph node metastasis developed in 4, each of whom had had risk factors for such metastasis. Two patients had undergone previous orchiopexy, and 2 had extension of the tumor to the epididymis and the tunica vaginalis testis. The inguinal region should be examined and watched carefully in patients with testicular tumor, especially those at high risk for inguinal metastases. Today, disease in patients with inguinal metastasis is curable by lymph node dissection and/or combination chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Potentiation of lung vascular response to endotoxin by superoxide dismutase.

We studied the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that converts superoxide into peroxide, on the cardiopulmonary response to endotoxin in sheep. Sheep (n = 18) were prepared for chronic measurement of cardiopulmonary variables, including lung lymph flow, by surgically implanting catheters under halothane anesthesia. Nine of the animals were studied before and after the administration of endotoxin (0.75 microgram/kg) with and without SOD. An additional nine animals received SOD without the lipopolysaccharide. Endotoxin produced an increase in lung lymph flow that was initially associated with a marked pulmonary arterial (PA) hypertension and reduced lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (L/P). The lymph flow remained elevated later in the response, but there was only a mild increase in PA pressure, and the L/P was normal. There was also a fall in blood neutrophils and in cardiac index. SOD increased this secondary elevation in lung lymph flow, and the corresponding L/P was greater than the preendotoxin value. The fall in neutrophil count, cardiac output, and the elevation in PA pressure seen with endotoxin were not affected by SOD. When administered in the absence of endotoxin, SOD produced no perceptible change in the cardiopulmonary and lymph values. We conclude that peroxide, hydroxyl ion, and/or other free radicals formed by the action of SOD must be responsible for a portion of the endotoxin response rather than superoxide itself.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Self-inflicted injuries in childhood. A review and diagnostic approach.

Eleven clinical and behavioral syndromes that can result in self-inflicted injury in childhood and adolescence are reviewed and classified. The causes and remedies of such injuries vary both among and within these 11 classes. Pediatricians should be alert to the possible presence and meaning of self-injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A prospective study of the effect of a shock-absorbing orthotic device on the incidence of stress fractures in military recruits.

In a prospective study of stress fractures the hypothesis that a shock-absorbing orthotic device worn within military boots could lessen the incidence of stress fractures was tested. The incidence of metatarsal, tibial, and femoral stress fractures was lower in the orthotic group, but only the latter difference was statistically significant. The time of onset and the location of stress fractures between orthotic and nonorthotic users did not differ. These findings suggest that the incidence of femoral stress fractures, which are the most dangerous type of stress fracture because of their high risk of developing into displaced fractures, can be reduced by an orthotic device.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1985

The normal range of subtalar inversion and eversion in young males as measured by three different techniques.

In a prospective study, 272 males aged 18 to 20 had goniometric measurement of their subtalar inversion and eversion by three different methods. Placing the ankle in dorsiflexion while performing the measurements decreased the mean inversion from 32 to 22 degrees but had little effect on eversion. The neutral position of the subtalar joint was found to have a mean value of 3 degrees of varus from the midpoint of the tibia. The technique for measuring subtalar motion as described by the Committee for the Study of Joint Motion of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has less subjective variables than the other two methods used in this study. Its use is therefore recommended if comparisons are to be made between series.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Stress fractures in military recruits. A prospective study showing an unusually high incidence.

In a prospective study of 295 male Israeli military recruits a 31% incidence of stress fractures was found. Eighty per cent of the fractures were in the tibial or femoral shaft, while only 8% occurred in the tarsus and metatarsus. Sixty-nine per cent of the femoral stress fractures were asymptomatic, but only 8% of those in the tibia. Even asymptomatic stress fractures do, however, need to be treated. Possible explanations for the unusually high incidence of stress fractures in this study are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Stress and immunomodulation: the role of depression and neuroendocrine function.

Considerable evidence demonstrating a relationship between stress and immune function is accumulating, and a complex chain of biologic and psychologic processes are involved. An extensive network of central nervous system and endocrine system processes may be involved in the modulation of the immune system in response to stressors.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Elevation of tissue coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) and cytochrome c concentrations by endurance exercise in the rat.

Six months of enforced and voluntary endurance training of young female Wistar rats resulted in significant decreases of body weight and gastrocnemius muscle wet weight and protein content, and increases in heart weight and protein content, and liver protein content. The coenzyme Q and cytochrome c concentrations of cardiac, gastrocnemius, and deep red region of the vastus lateralis muscles were increased, while small or nonsignificant trends toward increases in cytochrome c and coenzyme Q were seen in kidney, brain, lung, liver, internal + external oblique muscles, and the superficial white region of the vastus lateralis muscle. These results are discussed with regard to several roles for coenzyme Q in cellular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Lymphocyte function in major depressive disorder.

Lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen was significantly lower in a group of hospitalized depressed patients than in matched controls. The absolute number of T and B cells was lower in the depressed group, but the percentage of these cell types did not differ between the groups. These findings may be related to the altered neuroendocrine function found in patients with depressive disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Suppression of the lordosis reflex in female rats by chronic central melatonin implants.

Pellets with beeswax:melatonin concentrations of 1:0, 5:1, and 2:1 were implanted near the suprachiasmatic nucleus of ovariectomized female rats. In repeated standard measures of the lordosis reflex after estrogen replacement, females with pellets containing either melatonin concentration were consistently less sexually receptive than were females with pure beeswax implants. Suppression of behavioral receptivity by melatonin is consistent with other antireproductive effects of the hormone. Melatonergic action could account for certain pharmacological findings previously attributed to serotonergic action.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Stress-induced suppression of immunity in adrenalectomized rats.

Stress-induced suppression of lymphocyte stimulation by phytohemagglutinin was demonstrated in Isolated lymphocytes and in cultures of whole blood from adrenalectomized rats. The results demonstrate that corticosteroid independent mechanisms participate in the suppression of lymphocyte function by stressors. Stress-induced lymphopenia, however, was found to be adrenal dependent, indicating that the modulation of immunity by stress is complex and multidetermined.

Adrenalectomy↗