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Biomedical subjects

M Stein

Publications and source records attributed to M Stein.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Acute arthritis in Zimbabwean patients: possible relationship to human immunodeficiency virus infection.

The clinical features of an acute arthritis in 20 Zimbabwean patients, 17 of whom fulfilled criteria for the diagnosis of complete or incomplete Reiter's syndrome, are described. Fourteen of 19 patients tested were positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies and most had features of the AIDS related complex. None of 14 patients tested possessed the HLA-B27 tissue antigen commonly associated with Reiter's syndrome. The relationship between HIV infection, immunogenetic factors and the arthropathy we have observed remains to be elucidated.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

The effect of pretraining sports activity on the incidence of stress fractures among military recruits. A prospective study.

In a prospective study of stress fractures among Israeli infantry recruits, no correlation was found between the recruits' prior participation in sports activities or their aerobic physical fitness and the incidence of stress fractures during basic training. This finding discredits the concept that improving physical fitness prior to basic training can be a prophylactic means of limiting the incidence of stress fractures during subsequent training.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between transcutaneous oximetry and ankle-brachial pressure ratio in predicting runoff and outcome in patients who undergo aortobifemoral bypass.

In a prospective study, transcutaneous oxygen tension and ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) were measured pre- and postoperatively in 105 symptomatic patients who underwent aortobifemoral bypass to compare the ability of these two measurements to reflect the runoff status, determined by angiography, and to predict the outcome of surgery. Postoperatively, ABI better reflected the runoff status. The difference in mean ABI for good versus poor runoff was 0.17 (p less than 0.05). The difference in mean transcutaneous oxygen tension below the knee for the two runoff categories was relatively small (6.3 mm Hg, p less than 0.05). Post-minus preoperative increases in ABI reflected the runoff status better than increases in transcutaneous oxygen tension. For good runoff, the mean ABI increase was 0.25 and for poor runoff it was only 0.14 (p less than 0.05). Runoff and transcutaneous oxygen tension were found to be the best predictors of symptomatic recurrence. Poor runoff was associated with a relative risk of 2.5 (p = 0.017) and transcutaneous oxygen pressure of less than 40 mm Hg implied a relative risk of 2.3 (p = 0.029) for symptomatic recurrence. The most important predictor of graft failure was preoperative ABI. Transcutaneous oxygen tension and the ankle-brachial pressure index appear to be valuable noninvasive techniques for vascular assessment, offering different insights and different predictions for management and prognosis of peripheral vascular disease.

Ankle↗
PubMed1988

X-ray diffraction analysis of the inhibition of porcine pancreatic elastase by a peptidyl trifluoromethylketone.

X-ray crystallographic data to 2.57 A resolution (1 A = 0.1 nm) have been measured for the complex of a peptidyl trifluoromethylketone inhibitor with porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE); R = 0.14. The inhibitor forms a stable complex with the enzyme by means of a covalent attachment to active site Ser195O gamma, resulting in a hemiketal moiety with tetrahedral geometry. The tripeptide protion binds as an antiparallel beta-sheet, with four hydrogen bonds augmenting the active-site covalent linkage, Ki = 9.5 microM. His57 exhibits a bifurcated H-bond to both Ser195O gamma and an F atom of the inhibitor. This study is one of a series which explores the binding geometry of a variety of small substrates and inhibitors to PPE. This peptidyl-PPE complex affords insight into the binding geometry of a novel trifluoromethylketone moiety to a serine proteinase.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Carcinoma of the nasopharynx in Northern Israel: epidemiology and treatment results.

Between 1968 and 1984, 49 patients with carcinoma of the nasopharynx were treated at the Northern Israel Oncology Center. There were 6 stage I-II patients (12%) and 43 stage III-IV patients (88%). According to ethnic origin, there were 27 (55%) non-Ashkenazi Jews, 9 (18%) Ashkenazi Jews, and 13 (27%) Arabs. This distribution is different from the percentages of these ethnic groups in Northern Israel. All patients received combined cobalt 60 and 8-10 MeV electron beam radiotherapy to the primary tumor and the entire neck. Twelve stage III-IV patients received three courses of chemotherapy using bleomycin, methotrexate, and cisplatin (BMP) prior to definitive radiotherapy. The following 5-yr actuarial survival figures were achieved: all patients, 42%; stage I-II, 63%; stage III-IV, 37%; Arabs, 53%, non-Ashkenazi Jews, 47%; Ashkenazi Jews, 22%; BMP+radiotherapy, 54%; radiotherapy alone, 42%. It is concluded that there is an ethnic-related pattern of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Northern Israel. Prognosis is better in non-Ashkenazi Jews and Arabs with early-stage lymphoepithelioma or anaplastic carcinoma, younger than 45 yr old, and receiving more than 5,500 cGy. Chemotherapy by BMP improves initial control rates with questionable benefit to long-term survival.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Whole abdominal irradiation following chemotherapy in advanced ovarian carcinoma.

One hundred and sixteen patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma, who underwent primary cytoreductive surgery, received 6-11 courses of chemotherapy by cis-platin (50 mg/m2) and adriamycin (50 mg/m2) every 21 days. This was followed by second look laparotomy in 66 patients with no clinical evidence of disease. Consolidation abdominal irradiation was administered to 43 patients. Two techniques of irradiation were employed: between 1980-1983 whole abdominal irradiation was used and patients were to receive 3000 cGy in 4 weeks (Schedule I). Due to myelosuppression only 13 of 26 patients (50%) completed the planned dose of radiation. Between 1983-1985 the target volume was divided into upper and lower parts. First, the lower abdomen received 3000 cGy in 3 weeks, and then the upper abdomen received the same dose (Schedule II). Sixteen of seventeen patients (94%) thus treated, completed the planned dose of radiation. The actuarial survival for all 116 patients was 28% of 5 years. Irradiated patients with negative second look laparotomy had a survival probability of 100% at 24 months. Irradiated patients with microscopic disease at second look operation had an actuarial 5-year survival of 66%. Patients with minimal residual disease at second look laparotomy, receiving consolidation abdominal irradiation, had an actuarial survival of 5% only at 36 months. It is concluded that consolidation radiotherapy is effective in patients with negative or microscopic residual disease at second-look laparotomy. In regard to bone marrow tolerance, split field technique of irradiation is preferred.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

Premature maternal separation and lymphocyte function.

Premature separation of rat pups from their mothers, on postnatal Day 15, produced a decreased response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) at 40 days of age. A significant lymphopenia was also found in the early weaned animals at 40 days of age although this was accounted for statistically by their lower body weight. These consequences of early maternal separation may have been mediated through the effects of early separation on nutritional state, hypothalamic function, or maturation of the immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Stress-induced alterations of immunity in hypophysectomized rats.

Stress-induced suppression of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation was demonstrated in hypophysectomized rats. Stress effects on the numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymphocyte subsets and on splenic natural killer cell activity require the presence of pituitary. A pituitary-dependent restraining influence on stress-induced alteration of immunity is described. These results indicate that stress-induced modulation of immunity is complex and includes a range of enhancing and inhibitory mechanisms.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1988

Mechanical intestinal obstruction from pseudocyst bezoar following internal drainage of traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst.

A unique case of intraluminal mechanical small-intestinal obstruction occurring from a bezoar of organized debris that extruded from a post-traumatic pancreatic pseudocyst following Roux-en-Y cystojejunostomy is presented. Although an apparently unusual complication, it is one that should be considered in any patient experiencing incomplete cyst drainage or intestinal obstruction following an internal drainage procedure for pancreatic pseudocyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The two mannose 6-phosphate receptors have almost identical subcellular distributions in U937 monocytes.

Using a semiquantitative immunogold technique on ultrathin cryosections, the in situ subcellular distributions of the cation-dependent, 46-kDa mannose 6-phosphate receptor (small MPR) and of the cation-independent, 270-kDa mannose 6-phosphate receptor (large MPR) were for the first time compared. U937 cells were chosen because of their relatively high content of both receptor species. Of each receptor, about 12% occurred at the cell surface, 2% in the Golgi stack, and about 25% in vacuoles resembling endosomal vacuoles. About half of both receptors was found in tubules, presumably belonging to endosomes and trans-Golgi reticulum. It was concluded that the distribution of the small and large MPR were roughly similar. The only exception was formed by electron-dense vesicles occurring in the trans-Golgi region and surrounding endosomes. Dense vesicles contained significantly less small MPR (7%) than large MPR (12%).

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1988

Immune system. Relationship to anxiety disorders.

The demonstration that behavioral states and CNS processes are associated with immune function suggests that there may be a relationship between anxiety and the immune system. Stress and immunity have been studied extensively, but there have been relatively few studies of anxiety and immunity. Many of the neurobiologic processes associated with stress and with depression have been observed in anxiety and are known to influence the immune system. A review of the immune response to stress and of immune alterations in depression has been presented in an effort to provide further understanding of the biology of anxiety. It appears that a variety of factors such as age; sex; nature, intensity, and chronicity of a stressful life events; and psychologic response to life stress need to be considered in the investigation of behavior and immunity. The biologic effects of stress on immunity are multifaceted, including complex neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter interactions. Further investigation is required of anxiety and immunity in clearly delineated and diagnosed anxiety states and disorders. Such studies may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Disorders↗