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M Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to M Stanley.

189 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
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Di(isononyl) phthalate (DINP) and di(isodecyl) phthalate (DIDP) are not mutagenic.

Recently there have been reports of liver and kidney tumors in rodents following long-term exposure to di(isononyl) phthalate (DINP). Mechanistic studies suggested that the liver tumors were a consequence of peroxisomal proliferation, whereas the kidney tumors (found only in male rats) were associated with induction of alpha(2u)-globulin. Because both peroxisomal proliferation and alpha(2u)-globulin are considered to be non-genotoxic carcinogenic processes, it seemed appropriate to investigate the genotoxic potential of DINP. Additional studies were also conducted on di(isodecyl) phthalate (DIDP), a structurally related substance that also induces peroxisomal proliferation, although it has not been tested in a carcinogenicity bioassay. The DINP was tested in Salmonella, in vitro cytogenetics and mouse micronucleus assays, whereas DIDP was evaluated in a mouse micronucleus test. All of these tests produced negative results, i.e. neither phthalate was mutagenic in any of the test systems. These data are consistent with results of other published and unpublished genotoxicity tests and provide support for the hypothesis that the liver and kidney tumors induced by DINP were the result of non-genotoxic processes.

Animals↗
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Congestive heart failure in the elderly.

CHF is a complex disease that is complicated by the normal changes that accompany the aging process. As nurses we must understand not only the medical management but also the quality-of-life issues that are critical for these patients and their caregivers.

Aged↗
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Memory performance in individuals with primary degenerative dementia: its similarity to diazepam-induced impairments.

Impairments of memory storage and retrieval produced by diazepam (2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg) in normal elderly individuals were compared to those observed in patients with primary degenerative dementia tested under nondrug conditions. The highest diazepam dose affected retrieval as well as storage processes in Buschke's "selective reminding" task, producing impairments qualitatively similar to those shown by demented patients. All diazepam doses impaired Buschke task performance in the normal elderly individuals; normal young subjects, in contrast, showed no impairment with a low (2.5 mg) diazepam dose.

Adult↗
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Ensuring a safe ICU stay for your confused elderly patient.

When elderly patients who are admitted to a Coronary Care Unit become confused, they not only become nursing management problems, they are also at increased risk of further injury and even death. Critical care nurses who are knowledgeable regarding assessing, preventing, and treating confusion can prevent complications for these vulnerable patients.

Aged↗
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The immunology of genital human papilloma virus infection.

This paper reports a presentation by Margaret Stanley, Reader in Epithelial Biology, at the University of Cambridge, in which she reviews the evidence to date regarding the immunology of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in genital warts. In this she explains that investigations into the immunology of genital wart infections indicate that the replication cycle of papilloma viruses is tightly linked to keratinocyte differentiation - a strategy for immune evasion. While the papilloma virus infects primitive basal cells, viral replication and viral assembly are confined to differentiating superficial epithelial cells. Viral replication and release are confined to cells destined for death and are not associated with inflammation. Such findings suggest that the immune system is ignorant or indifferent to the infection. Evidence from regressing genital warts in humans and animal models suggests that HPV is a cell-mediated immune response of the Th1 type offering a strategy for immunotherapy in benign disease. This is supported by evidence from trials with immunomodulatory agents. While strategies to elicit cytotoxic responses are required for malignant HPV associated lesions, the problems of immune evasion associated with these approaches should not be underestimated. Present optimal therapeutic strategies for genital human papilloma viruses infection would therefore appear to require the induction of a virus specific immune response, either by immunomodulatory agents and/or immunisation with the relevant viral antigens.

Condylomata Acuminata↗