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Biomedical subjects

M Stahl

Publications and source records attributed to M Stahl.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Inhibition of pluripotential embryonic stem cell differentiation by purified polypeptides.

Murine embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cell lines established directly from the early embryo which can contribute differentiated progeny to all adult tissues, including the germ-cell lineage, after re-incorporation into the normal embryo. They provide both a cellular vector for the generation of transgenic animals and a useful system for the identification of polypeptide factors controlling differentiation processes in early development. In particular, medium conditioned by Buffalo rat liver cells contains a polypeptide factor, ES cell differentiation inhibitory activity (DIA), which specifically suppresses the spontaneous differentiation of ES cells in vitro, thereby permitting their growth as homogeneous stem cell populations in the absence of heterologous feeder cells. ES cell pluripotentiality, including the ability to give rise to functional gametes, is preserved after prolonged culture in Buffalo rat liver media as a source of DIA. Here, we report that purified DIA is related in structure and function to the recently identified hematopoietic regulatory factors human interleukin for DA cells and leukaemia inhibitory factor. DIA and human interleukin DA/leukaemia inhibitory factor have thus been identified as related multifunctional regulatory factors with distinct biological activities in both early embryonic and hematopoietic stem cell systems.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Regulation of the procoagulant activity within the bronchoalveolar compartment of normal human lung.

The nature of the procoagulant activity of normal bronchoalveolar fluid was examined both qualitatively and quantitatively. Unconcentrated, cell-free lavage freshly obtained from normal volunteers clotted normal plasma in a mean of 84 +/- 20 s. The procoagulant activity was initiated by Factor VII-tissue factor complexes as judged by differential activity in various plasmas genetically deficient in single clotting factors, by neutralization of the procoagulant activity with antibodies to either Factor VII or tissue factor, and by a Factor X activation assay. Preincubation of the lavage with calcium was required to demonstrate Factor VII activity in unconcentrated samples. The cell-free fluid contained about 8,500 thromboplastin units/mg protein, equivalent to a third of the thromboplastin standard and indicating high amounts of cofactor. Quantitation of Factor VII was estimated by functional analysis in coagulation and amidolytic assays with reference to dilutions of normal plasma of known Factor VII concentration. When lavage and diluted plasma were adjusted to yield equivalent amidolytic activities, the average ratio of the Factor VII-clotting activity of the alveolar fluid relative to plasma Factor VII was 19 +/- 7, suggesting the presence of Factor VIIa in lavage. In contrast to previous reports with serum or activated plasma, immunoblots of concentrated lavage revealed only single-chain Factor VII, and 125I-Factor VII added to the fluid was not converted to 125I-Factor VIIa, suggesting a unique control mechanism in the lung compartment which differs from plasma. When equivalent Factor VII amidolytic activities in diluted plasma and cell-free lavage were compared, the rates of Factor Xa formation were very similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1988

Folinic acid (FA) plus 5-fluorouracil (FU) in progressive advanced colorectal cancer.

Treatment results (CR/PR** 30-40%) with the combination of 5-FU and FA--a biomodulator of 5-FU action--indicate that FA/5-FU is superior to 5-FU alone in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer. However the "optimal" dose and time schedule has not been properly defined either for FA or for 5-FU. Moreover, in spite of the promising reports with FA/5-FU, the benefit of chemotherapy in colorectal carcinomas remains unproven. One way to better define the impact on survival and palliation might be to select patients with a documented tumor progression prior to chemotherapy. In 2 prospective phase II studies with FA/5-FU, tumor progression was the essential eligibility criterion. In both studies an overall tumor control (CR/PR/MR/NC)** of progressive disease with relief of tumor-related symptoms in most of the patients was achieved. The median survival times exceeded 12 months. In progressive colorectal cancer these treatment results can be regarded as a significant change in the natural history of the disease. Moreover, such a procedure will help to define more homogeneous patient groups and contribute to a better comparability of different studies. Additionally, overtreatment of patients with slowly proliferating tumors can be avoided, particularly with respect to the subjective and objective side-effects of FA/5-FU combinations.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1988

The role of surveillance bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage prior to heart transplantation.

All patients had an elevated bronchitis score over that of normal controls. The cause of this bronchitis is likely multifactorial and was not uniformly predicted by bronchial neutrophil counts, current smoking history, or PFT abnormality. All patients had, in addition to high bronchitis score, evidence of increased bronchial neutrophils and/or PFT abnormality or cancer. These findings lead to a change in management prior to heart transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[173 cases of insulin-induced hypoglycemia admitted to the hospital].

From 1980 to 1985, 120 insulin-dependent diabetics were admitted to the emergency department of the Cantonal Hospital, Basle, for altogether 173 severe hypoglycemic attacks. Relating these numbers to a total of 700 insulin-dependent diabetics in Basle, this means an hypoglycemia incidence of 4.2 per 100 treatment years. The principal causes were: dietary error or increased physical activity (43.7%); increase in daily insulin dose by the patient or his doctor (14.6%); and other illnesses, mostly involving the gastrointestinal tract (10.9%). Age and duration of insulin treatment were risk factors for the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes. Thus, comparing patients at the Cantonal Hospital with or without hypoglycemia, there were significantly more hypoglycemic attacks (p less than 0.05) in the group of patients aged over 60 years or who had been treated with insulin for more than ten years. Average daily dose of insulin was about the same in both groups (35.8 U daily with hypoglycemia; 39.6 U without). Regardless of the daily number of injections, hypoglycemia occurred most frequently between 10 and 13 h and before the evening meal between 17 and 19 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia and phenylketonuria.

Two patients, aged 0.1 and 2 years, with homozygous hypobetalipoproteinaemia, one with PKU in addition are described. The clinical evaluation showed no neurologic abnormalities. Treatment with a fat-reduced, protein and carbohydrate-enriched diet was combined with vitamin A and E supplementation, according to the suggestions for classical abetalipoproteinaemia. In the patient with PKU the protein intake was increased by using a phenylalanine-free, amino acid mixture. Only by this, were normal growth and weight gain achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Lymphocyte counting by cell size distribution analysis of leucocytes compared with conventional blood film differential count.

The fourteen parameter Coulter Counter S-Plus IV automated haematology analyser includes the innovative capability of calculating the percentage and number of lymphocytes in the leucocyte population. These features have been evaluated. The percentage of lymphocytes ( LYP ) correlates well to that of the conventional blood film differential count (CDC) and the reproducibility and linearity is excellent. The reproducibility exceeds that of the CDC and it is proposed that with a few safeguards the accuracy also is superior. The reason for possible erroneous LYPs are discussed and the safeguards to detect them are described. It is suggested that in cases where information on the percentage of lymphocytes (or granulocytes) is sufficient the CC LYP may replace the CDC. Use of LYP may reduce the number of CDCs to be performed by 50-75%.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1984

[5-day seizures of the newborn infant. A new disease picture].

A new syndrome of neonatal seizures is described observed in 18 apparently healthy newborns. Multifocal fits began at about the 5th. day of life, and generally lasted for 1-2 days. No particular complications of pregnancy or delivery were noted and no cause for the seizures were found. After discharge no further seizures were observed. The long-term prognosis seems to be favorable. According to nearly identical observations in France and Australia the term "fifth-day-fits of the newborn" is suggested. The diagnostic criteria and therapeutical suggestions are discussed.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1984

Interference by cold agglutinins with the measurement of particle concentrations in the Coulter Counter Model S-Plus IV.

Cold agglutinins may interfere with measurement of red cell indices in the Coulter Counter Model S-Plus IV due to aggregation of erythrocytes. This is most easily detected by a mean erythrocyte haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) raised above 22.7 mmol/l (established by experience). Heating of the samples will normalize the values in most cases. Temperature-dependent red cell indices were not found in approximately 100 samples with MCHC between 19.5 mmol/l and 22.7 mmol/l. Aggregation of and interference with measurement of white cells and platelets has not been observed.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1981

Massive ovarian oedema with production of testosterone.

Clinical, biochemical, light- and electron microscopic, and immunocytochemical findings of a 13 1/2 year old girl with delayed menarche and signs of virilization due to massive oedema of the left ovary with activation of stromal cells (hyperthecosis) are presented. Testosterone and oestradiol production by large cells in the voluminous ovary was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay. Massive ovarian oedema may result from partial or intermittent torsion of the mesovary interfering with venous and lymphatic drainage, but not with arterial blood flow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Chi mutation in a transposon and the orientation-dependence of Chi phenotype.

Chi, an element that stimulates recombination via the E. coli RecBC pathway, can arise by spontaneous mutation in the transposon Tn5. When in phage lambda in one orientation, the mutant transposon confers Chi+ phenotype (large plaque and a high rate of exchange near the transposon). In the other orientation, however, the transposon does not confer Chi+ phenotype. The mobility of the transposon allows us to show that the Chi+ orientation of the mutant Tn5 is the same at different locations in lambda. These include a site near gene J, one in gam at 69, one to the right of gam at 73 and several to the right of R between 95.7 and 99.5. To the right of R, the mutant transposon could be found in only one orientation, that which confers Chi+ phenotype. We speculate that the other orientation of Tn5 in that locale is lethal to lambda. The orientation-dependence of Chi+ phenotype also revealed that Tn5 flip-flops in lambda.

Bacteriophage lambda↗