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Biomedical subjects

M Soyka

Publications and source records attributed to M Soyka.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Acamprosate: a new pharmacotherapeutic approach to relapse prevention in alcoholism--preliminary data.

The efficacy of the homotaurine-derivative acamprosate (calcium acetylhomotaurinate) to increase abstinence rates in weaned alcoholics was examined in a placebo-controlled double-blind multicentre study involving 272 subjects. Preliminary results indicate a significantly higher abstinence rate during and at the end of the study (42.8% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.01), a higher number of abstinent days and a lower drop-out rate in the treated than in the placebo group.

Acamprosate↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse in schizophrenic inpatients.

All schizophrenic patients admitted consecutively either to the Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Munich (group 1, N = 183) or the Mental State Hospital Haar/Munich (group 2, N = 447) between 1.8.1989 and 1.2.1990 were examined to assess prevalence estimates for substance abuse in schizophrenic inpatients. Psychiatric diagnosis were made according to ICD-9 criteria. Psychopathology and psychosocial variables were documented by means of the AMDP-protocol on admission and discharge. The diagnostic procedure included a detailed semi-structured interview concerning the individual alcohol and drug history and sociodemographic data, the Munich Alcoholism Screening Test (MALT), a physical examination and the screening of various laboratory parameters such as GGT and MCV, among others. The results show that substance abuse is a very common problem in schizophrenics. Lifetime prevalence rates for substance abuse were estimated at 21.8% in group 1 and 42.9% in group 2, 3-month prevalence rates for substance abuse were estimated at 21.3% resp. 29.0%. Alcohol abuse was by far the most common type of abuse with prevalence estimates being 17.4% resp. 34.6%. Prevalence rates for substance abuse were much higher in the more "chronic"sample of the Mental State Hospital and in male patients. With respect to schizophrenic subtype few differences could be demonstrated with drug dependence being more common in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The MALT proved to be a valuable screening instrument for alcohol abuse in schizophrenics with both a high specificity and sensitivity. "Dual diagnosis" schizophrenics had a significantly higher rate of suicide attempts and were less likely to be married. Possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Alcohol and drug abuse as risk factors for violence and delinquency in schizophrenic patients].

A study on the prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenics performed in 1989/1990 had shown high rates of alcohol and drug abuse in schizophrenia. An additional analysis of the data revealed that schizophrenics with substance abuse had been convicted more often than other schizophrenics. The possible role of substance abuse as a risk factor for delinquency or casualties in schizophrenia is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Compliance in therapy of schizophrenic patients with neuroleptics--an overview].

In connection with the efforts to improve the prophylaxis against relapse in schizophrenic patients, the topic of non-compliance to therapy with neuroleptics is gaining interest in scientific research. The importance of this problem has been underestimated in the past. Starting with a review of the current state of research, the article provides an overview of the various determinants of compliance. The conclusions made are discussed in terms of optimizing therapy possibilities. Central to this point are less psychopharmacological options but more process- related aspects of the doctor/patient relationship. Fully informed consent of the patient is aimed at; providing him with detailed information on the purposes and the side-effects of neuroleptic therapy is discussed in terms of its consequences regarding compliant behaviour.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Statistical approach to forensic conversion values for alcoholics].

With collaboration of the study groups from Tübingen, Munich and Kiel and consideration of the results of Bonnichsen et al 1968, alcohol elimination curves of 98 alcoholics were subjected to a joint evaluation for determination of the beta 60 values. The average elimination rate was 0.21 g/kg/h (s = 0.05 g/kg/h). By analogy to average beta 60 values and back-conversion factors of nonalcoholics, the limit values for alcoholics were estimated as being between 0.12 g/kg/h (minimum value) and 0.29 g/kg/h (maximum value).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Serum prolactin increase induced by ethanol--a dose-dependent effect not related to stress.

The effect of moderate ethanol doses (0.5 and 1 g/kg body weight) on serum prolactin (PRL), cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations was measured in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eight healthy male volunteers participated. Blood was with drawn twice before, and 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min after oral ethanol intake. The higher ethanol dose, but not the lower dose, significantly increased PRL concentrations. Concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were not changed by either dose. Thus, the effect of ethanol on PRL appears to be dose-dependent and not stress-related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of delusional jealousy in different psychiatric disorders. An analysis of 93 cases.

The prevalence of delusional jealousy in 8134 psychiatric in-patients was 1.1%. Delusions of jealousy were most frequent in organic psychoses (7.0%), paranoid disorders (6.7%), alcohol psychosis (5.6%) and schizophrenia (2.5%), while in affective disorder delusions of jealousy could be found in only 0.1%. Because schizophrenia and affective disorder were the most common diagnoses, most patients with delusions of jealousy were schizophrenics. In schizophrenia, women were more likely to suffer from delusional jealousy, while in alcohol psychosis, men were more likely than women to suffer from delusional jealousy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Methanol metabolism in chronic alcoholism].

Serum methanol concentrations (SMC) exceeding 10 mg/l are highly suggestive of long-term alcohol intoxication and can be considered as marker for chronic alcohol abuse. Endogenously formed or consumed methanol is almost exclusively metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase. As long as blood alcohol concentrations exceed 0.2-0.5 g/l methanol cannot be metabolized and accumulates. In a prospective study on 78 patients admitted for alcohol detoxification, elevated SMC up to 78 mg/l were found, with a mean SMC of 29.4 mg/l. No correlation was demonstrated between SMC and severity of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Further clinical, forensic and biochemical aspects of methanol metabolism are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Psychopathological characteristics in alcohol hallucinosis and paranoid schizophrenia.

In a retrospective study psychopathology, psychiatric family history and demographic data were studied in 53 patients with alcohol hallucinosis and an age- and sex-matched control group of 53 patients with paranoid schizophrenia who had been treated at the Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Munich between 1979 and 1986. The psychopathology was assessed by the AMDP system. The paranoid-hallucinatory symptoms in both conditions were very similar; verbal hallucinations and delusions of reference were most common in both groups. Disorders of ego were found in 87% of the schizophrenics, but only 30% of the alcoholic patients (P less than 0.001). Schizophrenics developed psychosis at a younger age than alcoholics and seemed to have poorer outcome. Patients with alcohol hallucinosis had more relatives with an alcohol history (P less than 0.001), and schizophrenics more relatives with schizophrenic psychosis (P less than 0.001).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Diagnosis of alcoholism based on detection of a transferrin variant by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting].

A sensitive method is discribed for the diagnosis of alcoholism. The method is based on the detection of a transferrin variant (carbohydrate deficient transferrin = CDT) in plasma of alcoholics. The determination of CDT, the presence of which is characteristic for chronic alcoholism, is performed in three steps: The plasma proteins are separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and then transferred electrophoretically onto a nitrocellulose sheet; finally, the transferrin types on the nitrocellulose sheet are specifically detected by an antibody reaction. With the exception of certain cases (genetic variants, rare diseases) CDT is found only during chronic alcohol consumption. In comparison to other markers for chronic alcoholism an advantage of CDT is its higher specificity. A further advantage of the method is that CDT can be identified with high sensitivity by the use of a relatively small amount of technical equipment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Problems in long-term benzodiazepine treatment].

The risk of drug dependency following long-term use of benzodiazepines is reviewed and complemented with own experiences. Withdrawal from high- and low-dose dependency was followed by systematically recording symptoms. Insomnia, a cardial symptom, was recorded in the sleep-laboratory during withdrawal. Benzodiazepines suppress the deep phases of sleep almost completely. In the course of withdrawal induced rapidly by a 50% reduction of the administered dose at five day intervals leading to substantial withdrawal symptoms sleep-EEG's improved considerably. The patients felt substantially better after withdrawal.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1989

[Alcoholic delusion of jealousy--psychopathologic characteristics of 2 types of disease course].

Based on the evaluation of case reports of 15 inpatients treated between 1971 and 1986 who had been suffering from persistent alcoholic jealousy mania for at least three years, the psychopathological characteristics of this disease are outlined to define two types of courses of the disturbance: on the one hand, the more frequent monosymptomatic form with gradual onset and on the other hand the acutely occurring jealousy mania within the frame of an alcoholic hallucinosis with additional signs of delusions and acoustic hallucinations rounding off the clinical pattern. Prognosis especially of the second, schizophreniform type of the course appears unfavourable. Organic brain performance deficits and disturbances of sexual function are seen with both types of alcoholic jealousy mania.

Alcoholism↗