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Biomedical subjects

M Soroka

Publications and source records attributed to M Soroka.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

The supply of optometric manpower.

Approaches to determining health manpower requirements are reviewed. The paper identifies a source of error in determining the present supply of optometric manpower which will ultimately influence any policy or program intended to either correct or adjust future health manpower supplies. The study also demonstrates a need to refine the data on health manpower supplies with particular reference to the characteristics and practices of the optometrist.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

A national optometric-student attitudinal survey.

This paper contains the results of a survey of 1549 optometry students who responded to a questionnaire that was sent to all optometry schools and colleges in the United States. The results reflect student attitudes and opinions about such issues as commercial optometry, malpractice suits, price advertising of glasses and professional services, and the cost of professional education. In addition, the survey results disclose the reasons students enter the profession, their anticipated modes of practice and their expected incomes. We believe that the issues encompassed in this survey will affect the future practice of optometry.

Advertising↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of acoustic microclimate prevailing in shipyards on the health of workers].

Yearly measurements of external noise (Noise--Pollution--Level) in the shipyard in Stettin, indicated noise levels above 85 dBA, expressed in LqM. On the ground of documentation of periodic medical examinations of the staff, one compared the rate of occurrence of disturbances in health state, such as: hearing impairment, gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer, hypertension and psychic disturbances in two groups of employees: "A"--exposed during work to noise 85 dBA and "B"--employed at the area of LqM smaller by 20 dBA. Statistically significant differences in the rates of occurrence of disturbances in the health state were found, to the disadvantage of those exposed to noise effect. In these groups also the rate of sickness absenteeism was disadvantageous: in the last 14 years its average values for the shipyard surpassed the average rate for Stettin district and the whole country.

Hearing Disorders↗
PubMed1977

Shortage areas for optometrists redefined: New York City, a case study.

The geographic maldistribution of health manpower, particularly in rural and inner-city areas, has been a major concern of health planners, administrators, and other government officials. Attempts to deal with the problem through the use of financial incentives, such as loan forgiveness, are reviewed. Applying the present definition of shortage areas to New York City reveals some obvious inadequacies of the definition. A new definition of shortage areas is suggested.

Financing, Government↗
PubMed1975

Light scattering spectroscopy of the squid axon membrane.

Light scattering studies on the giant squid axon were done using the technique of optical mixing spectroscopy. This experimental approach is based on the use of laser light to detect the fluctuations of membrane macromolecules which are associated with conductance fluctuations. The light scattering spectra were similar to the Lorentzian-like behavior of conductance fluctuations, possibly reflecting an underlying conformational change in the specific membrane sites responsible for the potassium ion conductance. The amplitude of the spectra measured, increased when the membrane was depolarized and decreased on hyperpolarization. The spectra were fit to the sum of two terms, a (1/f component and a simple Lorentzian term. Spectra from deteriorating axons did not show sensitivity to membrane potential changes. It is shown theoretically that fluctuations due to the voltage-dependent variable, n, of the Hodgkin-Huxley formalism are identical to the voltage fluctuations. The derived power spectrum is that of a second order system, capable of showing resonance peaking only if the voltage dependence of the potassium rate of constants is included in the analysis. The lack of resonance peaking in the observed light scattering spectra, indicates that the data are best described by a damped second order system.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Paraprofessional utilization in optometry.

Issues that surround the use of paraprofessionals in optometry are examined. The experiences and findings from paraprofessional programs in other health disciplines are reviewed as they relate to optometry. Paraprofessional utilization is a significant yet neglected alternative that has the potential of relieving the increasing manpower shortage in optometry. This concept is reviewed in terms of its effects on productivity and quality of care. The viability of this concept has been found to be dependent upon the subjective acceptance of paraprofessionals by the health professional as well as the consumer. Patient attitudes and acceptance are largely determined by the professional's acceptance. Values and beliefs held by the optometrist or some other discipline may manifest themselves as significant barriers to increased utilization of paraoptometric personnel. The socialization process must begin during the years of professional education and early years of clinical experience.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of examination fees and availability of routine vision care by optometrists and ophthalmologists.

A national telephone survey of eye care practitioners shows that the average fee for routine eye examinations was less among optometrists than ophthalmologists. The average wait for the earliest appointment was 5 days for optometrists and 20 days for ophthalmologists. Weekend and evening appointments were also more obtainable among optometrists. The study did not determine what tests were included in the routine examination of each practitioner. Optometrists are licensed to use diagnostic drugs in all 50 States and prescribe therapeutic drugs for the treatment of ocular diseases in 25 States. Legislation that would update State laws permitting doctors of optometry to prescribe and use pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of eye diseases has been introduced in many of the remaining States. Supporters of bills permitting therapeutic pharmaceutical optometry contend that these changes would ensure the availability of quality eye care at significant savings, since optometric fees are generally lower than ophthalmological fees. In addition, it has been argued that optometrists are equitably distributed geographically and are more likely to have weekend and evening office hours, thus enabling increased patient access to eye care. When considering cost-effectiveness and accessibility, this study may provide information to those States considering changes in the scope of optometric licensure.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vision screening requirements under 52 Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) Programs.

A 1979 survey of vision screening requirements in 52 Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) programs revealed that 17 percent of the programs had no requirements, and 17 percent required only distance visual acuity testing. An additional 25 percent required distance vision and ocular muscle-fusion tests only, and the remaining programs required various combinations of three or more tests. Fewer than two-thirds of the programs with requirements had referral criteria for the tests. The ages at which initial testing was required also varied among the programs. The differences in requirements were not related to the demographic, socioeconomic, and other variables analyzed in this study. Programs with specific referral criteria, however, had a higher percentage of referrals for vision screening than those without such criteria. Because of the variability in vision screening standards and referral criteria observed among the programs, the authors conclude that national standards are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A contribution to the structure-activity relationship in glutamate receptor ligands: 1. omega-Aminophosphonic acids do not antagonize NMDA receptors.

Pharmacological properties of a series of alpha, omega-diamino-omega-phosphonocarboxylic acids and alpha, omega-diamino-alpha, omega-bis(phosphonic acids) on different excitatory amino acids mediated responses have been tested in CA1 rat hippocampal neurones, using intracellular recordings and current and voltage clamp techniques. In contrast with known antagonists as D(-)2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP-5) and 2-amino-4-oxo-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, which completely abolished the NMDA-response, no antagonistic activity was found. We conclude that the introduction of an omega-amino function abolishes the NMDA-antagonistic activity of alpha-amino-omega-phosphonocarboxylic acids.

Animals↗