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Biomedical subjects

M Smolensky

Publications and source records attributed to M Smolensky.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Twenty-four-hour rhythm in the bronchial hyperreactivity to house dust in asthmatics.

Four subjects, 2 males (17 and 35 yr of age) and 2 females (24 and 47 yr of age) suffering from allergic asthma were studied for 10 days in allergen-shielded rooms and without medication. Synchronization of subjects to activity was by light on at 7 A.M. and sleep by light off at midnight. A single bronchial challenge to the threshold concentration of house dust, predetermined for each subject, was presented every other day at designated clock hours such that during a 10-day study span tests were presented at the following times: 8 A.M., 3 P.M., 7 P.M., and 11 P.M. The effect upon bronchial patency determined by FEV 1.0 15 min after house dust inhalation resulted in greatest effect at 11 P.M., while that at 8 A.M. resulted in least effect. The differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.025). Peak expiratory flow (PEF), self-measured at 3-hr intervals throughout the 10-day span, revealed practically no persistence of effect for inhalation of the house dust preparations at 8 A.M.; on the other hand, considerable persistence of effect on airway patency occurred from tests carried out at 11 P.M. The differences between the 24-hr rhythm-adjusted means (mesors) in the PEF for the (24-hr) spans following house dust inhalation at 8 A.M. and 11 P.M. were statistically significant (p less than 0.025) as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Meteorologic factors and temporal variations of cardiac mortality in an urban setting in a desert climatic zone.

The aim of this investigation was to study, by use of the unbiased and rigorous techniques of lagged cross-covariance and spectral analyses, the associations between daily cardiac mortality and weather conditions in Beersheba, an urban center situated in a hot and dry climatic zone. The results of the analyses point to the existence of seasonal differences in mortality, with a peak in winter. Of greater interest is the statistical documentation of temporal associations between short-term increases in daily mortality and certain weather situations corresponding to the transitional periods of turbulent atmosphere with below normal air temperatures, strong gusty winds and a drop in relative humidity, i.e., conditions accompanying the intrusion of a winter cold wave. The crests in short-term mortality occurred most often within a week of the intrusion of the cold air masses. No consistent cross association was found between high summer temperatures and mortality. The results of this investigation are discussed in the light of those previously reported for Tel Aviv (a coastal city) and Jerusalem (a city situated at a high altitude).

Atmospheric Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Population studies of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in Brazilian children.

BACKGROUND: The determination of hypertension in a given population depends on the knowledge of population norms for blood pressure. This is true for both casual blood pressure (CBP) measurements and the newest and most promising technology of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). OBJECTIVE: To design an ambitious multinational co-operative study to determine normal blood pressure data in Brazilian children. METHODS: The study was designed to determine normative data for CBP, using the Task Force technical recommendations for age-, sex- and height-percentile-specific blood pressure values. The proposed procedure is as follows. ABPM will be studied in a random subgroup of individuals, to develop similar normative data. These data will be correlated to CBP measurements and to echocardiographic findings as a measure of end-organ damage. All patients who are diagnosed by CBP measurement to be hypertensive will also be studied by ABPM, and studies of target-organ damage will be performed. Family and medical histories will be evaluated by questionnaire and first-degree relatives will be evaluated for CBP measurement. Hypertensive patients will form a cohort for long-term follow-up. These data will be the foundation for studies of hypertension in Brazilian children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aspects of chronopharmacology and chronotherapy in children.

Pediatric studies involving chronopharmacology until now have been limited mainly to investigation of circadian patterns in children of 6 to 15 years. This means that: a. data on newborns and even on infants of one year or younger are not available, and b. other bioperiodicities, such as those of one year (infradian rhythms), have not yet been explored in older children. Biological time-related changes have been documented for phenytoin and theophylline with regard to their pharmacokinetics and for orciprenaline, ipratropium bromide, corticosteroids and anticancerous agents with regard to their effectiveness. Despite the small number of investigations performed to date, results indicate that: a. more comprehensive and precise characterization of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic phenomena can be achieved by a chronopharmacological approach than the conventional one and, b. better therapeutics can be achieved using chronopharmacological facts since an appropriate timing of medicines with regard to biological rhythms is likely to enhance desired and/or reduce undesired effects.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toward a chronopsy: part I. A chronobiologic case report and a thermopsy complementing the biopsy.

A prophylactic bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy, following a preoperative mammogram revealed clustered small calcifications in the left breast. In order to investigate the merits of thermorphythmometry, the patient self-measured surface temperature of each breast, above and below the nipple, while awake. In the case here presented, bilateral subcutaneous mastectomy followed by extensive histologic scrutiny of both breasts revealed no indication of malignancy. Bilateral fibrocystic disease with calcification and lobular hyperplasia was found. As compared to the contralateral sites, the atypical epithelial proliferation was more abundant in the mammographically and thermorhythmometrically 'abnormal' area of the left breast.

Body Temperature Regulation↗