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Biomedical subjects

M Singh

Publications and source records attributed to M Singh.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

The Defense Style Questionnaire.

The Defense Style Questionnaire has proven of interest as the first questionnaire to reliably describe defense styles. The 72-item DSM-III-R-labeled Defense Style Questionnaire was administered to 388 controls and 324 patients. Eight statistical and two a priori criteria were used in choosing two items to represent each of the 20 defenses. A new 40-item Defense Style Questionnaire is published together with normative and reliability data on a normal population, patients with anxiety disorders, and child-abusing parents. The scores are unaffected by the sex of the respondent, but the endorsement of immature defense styles decreases with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

NF-HB (BSAP) is a repressor of the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3' alpha enhancer at early stages of B-cell differentiation.

We have identified a nuclear factor expressed in pro-B-, pre-B-, and B-cell lines that binds to two sites within the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) 3' alpha enhancer (3' alpha E). These sites were defined by oligonucleotide competition in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and methylation interference footprinting. The 3' alpha E-binding factor is indistinguishable from NF-HB (B-lineage-specific nuclear factor that binds to the IgH gene) and the B-lineage-specific transcription factor BSAP by several criteria, including similar cell type distribution of binding activity, cross-competition of binding sites in EMSA, similar protein size as demonstrated by UV cross-linking, and sequence identity of one of the 3' alpha E-binding sites with a BSAP-binding site within the promoter of the sea urchin late histone gene H2A-2.2. These observations indicate that 3' alpha E is one of the mammalian targets for NF-HB (BSAP). Transient-transfection assays with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene constructs containing 3' alpha E and mutant 3' alpha E, in which one of the NF-HB binding sites was inactivated by site-specific mutagenesis, showed ca. five- to sixfold-enhanced activity of mutated 3' alpha E over parental 3' alpha E in B-cell lines (NF-HB+), while no significant difference was observed in plasmacytoma cells (NF-HB-). We conclude from these observations that NF-HB (BSAP) acts as a repressor of the mouse IgH 3' alpha E.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Continuous nebulised salbutamol and oral once a day prednisolone in status asthmaticus.

A trial was conducted of continuous nebulised salbutamol and oral once a day prednisolone in a group of 11 children with status asthmaticus (group A) and compared with a conventional protocol comprising aminophylline infusion and intravenous hydrocortisone every six hours in a matched control group (group B). Monitoring by a clinical asthma score, pulse oximetry (oxygen saturation, SaO2), and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) revealed earlier improvement in these parameters in group A. Significant differences in mean SaO2 values appeared after 12 and 18 hours respectively. Mean PEFR percentage values were higher in group A compared with group B. A larger number (9/11) of patients could be discharged from hospital within 24 hours in group A compared with group B where only 3/11 could be discharged. All patients recovered without any side effects. It is concluded that continuous nebulised salbutamol and oral once a day prednisolone is safe and effective in treatment of children with status asthmaticus.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1993

A birth control vaccine is on the horizon for family planning.

Vaccines for control of fertility are likely to have an important impact on family planning methods. They are designed to act by mobilization of an internal physiological process and do not require external medication on a continuous basis. A number of birth control vaccines are at different stages of development, the most advanced being a vaccine inducing antibodies against human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). This vaccine consists of a heterospecies dimer (HSD, beta hCG associated with alpha-subunit of ovine luteinizing hormone, beta hCG:alpha oLH) linked to tetanus toxoid (TT) or diphtheria toxoid (DT) as carriers. The vaccine has recently passed an important milestone; it has completed the first leg of phase II efficacy trials. Women of proven fertility leading active sexual life were protected from becoming pregnant at antibody titres > or = 50 ng of hCG bioneutralization capacity per ml. This vaccine has previously been demonstrated to be reversible in its effect. It is free from any notable side-effects on endocrine, cardiovascular and other body functions. Ovulation was not disturbed and menstrual regularity was maintained. A logistic disadvantage of the present vaccine is the requirement for multiple injections. This is expected to be overcome by encapsulation of the requisite doses of the vaccine in biodegradable microspheres, which could be given at a single contact point for sustained antibody titres lasting over a year. A live recombinant vaccine has also been made that elicits high anti-hCG titres in monkeys for nearly 2 years following primary immunization and a booster at 8-9 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Alteration of structure and mobility of erythrocyte aggregates under normal- to microgravity conditions.

An experimental analysis of the aggregates structure and their mobility under normal- and micro-g conditions is carried out. Fresh well mixed erythrocyte suspensions in plasma at 8.0% hematocrit are placed in a glass chamber and on-line video microscopic recording of the aggregation process under microgravity condition is carried out. The analysis of aggregate structure and mobility are carried out by an IBM-PC/AT based image processing system. The results show that (a) under normal gravity conditions the velocity of the formed aggregates depend on their sizes which tend to grow further by interacting with single cells and small aggregates, (b) under microgravity conditions the mobility of the aggregates reduces to zero and an alteration in their structural parameters is observed.

Erythrocyte Aggregation↗
PubMed1993

Pheochromocytoma.

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Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Three-year experience with neonatal ventilation from a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.

Ninety neonates were ventilated over a period of 33 months of whom 50 (55.5%) survived. Fifty seven babies received IPPV while 33 CPAP. IPPV mode was being used more frequently recently and survival rates have steadily improved over past 3 years. Survival was cent per cent in babies above 1.5 kg on CPAP mode while 16/26 (57.7%) survived on IPPV mode. Of 22 extremely VLBW (< 1 kg) babies, six survived. HMD was the commonest indication of ventilation (50%), of which 53% (24/45) survived. The other important indications of ventilation were apnea in 13 and transient tachypnea in 11 babies. All babies requiring ventilation for transient tachypnea survived. Nosocomial infections were common in association with ventilation 34/90 (37.7%), out of which in 14 was responsible for about a third of deaths. Pulmonary air leaks developed in 12 babies of which 6 died. Two babies developed BPD and one ROP. Neonatal ventilation should be ventured in centres where basic facilities for level II care already exist. It may not be cost effective to ventilate extremely low birth weight neonates.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1993

Involvement of oxygen free radicals in the action of BN 52021 (PAF antagonist) to limit myocardial infarct size.

The ability of a PAF antagonist, BN 52021, to limit myocardial infarct size in rat was assessed. Anesthetized rats were subjected to coronary artery ligation for 72 h and infarct size was measured macroscopically using TTC staining. Systolic blood pressure and ECG were monitored. BN 52021 (2.5 and 5 mg/kg i.v.) markedly reduced the infarct size, prevented the loss of R wave, an electrophysiological parameter of ischemic injury, reduced elevated serum MDA levels and demonstrated an inhibition of luminal-enhanced chemiluminescence. There was no marked change in glutathione peroxidase activity with BN 52021 treatment measured at various time intervals after coronary artery ligation. The beneficial effect of BN 52021 on ischemic injury may be due to specific inhibition of PAF-induced activation of neutrophils and consequent decreased amount of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1993

Serum sialic acid--an important cancer marker.

Total serum sialic acid (TSA), Lipid associated sialic acid (LASA), Total protein (TP) and TSA/TP factor (as cancer markers) have been estimated in 78 patients of cancer stomach, breast, colorectal region and gall bladder, before and after treatment and of varying degrees of metastasis and compared to 30 healthy controls. A significant rise in TSA and TSA/TP factor and a decrease in serum total protein levels was found in all cases of cancer. This increase was directly proportional to the degree of metastasis i.e. tumour burden. Serum TP levels were found decreased in all patients. Rise in LASA levels was not significant. Raised TSA/TP levels became lower to certain extent after effective therapy. Hence it can be inferred that although TSA and TSA/TP are not specific they are however, sensitive markers regarding detection of malignancy and useful in monitoring cancer progression and/or recurrent while evaluating the efficacy of various cancer therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Absence of an effect of ferrous sulfate on phenytoin absorption in the rat.

A variety of drugs which bind to iron have significant reductions in absorption when co-administered with iron compounds. The chemical structure of phenytoin indicates that there may be possible binding to iron ions. In vitro experiments were performed to determine whether any binding of iron to phenytoin occurred, and in vivo studies examined the effect of ferrous sulfate on phenytoin absorption in an isolated perfused rat jejunal model of drug absorption. The dose of phenytoin was limited by solubility and represents a human dose of 28 mg on a mg/kg basis for the rat assuming the total dose to be in 10 cm bowel in the rat. The ferrous sulfate doses were chosen to represent 28 and 300 mg doses on a similar basis to phenytoin. There was no significant effect of ferrous sulfate on phenytoin absorption or instability of phenytoin in the presence of ferrous sulfate in the rat. In vitro experiments indicated that little or no phenytoin binding to iron occurred. Results from animal model studies using low doses of phenytoin suggest it is unlikely that there will be a significant reduction in phenytoin absorption during concurrent therapy with iron salts.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Is a long delay necessary before appendectomy after appendiceal mass formation? A preliminary report.

The standard treatment for an appendiceal mass is conservative therapy followed by appendectomy after 6 to 10 weeks. With the advent of antibiotics designed to prevent the growth of anaerobes, early appendectomy can now be carried out without complication. The authors studied 56 patients with appendiceal mass formation, 26 (group A) treated conventionally and 30 (group B) treated by early appendectomy. In group B, the infection rate was 17%, the mean operating time was 38.7 minutes, the mean hospital stay was 15 days and there was an early return to work. The corresponding parameters for group A were an infection rate of 8%, a mean operating time of 35.2 minutes, a hospital stay of 19.1 days and a late return to work. Furthermore, 15% of the patients in group A had a recurrent acute episode during the waiting period. Overall, early appendectomy appears to be a safe and cost-effective treatment for appendiceal mass formation.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Pendred's syndrome.

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Audiometry, Evoked Response↗