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Biomedical subjects

M Shiozawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Shiozawa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effect of trypsin inhibitor on reflux oesophagitis after total gastrectomy in rats.

OBJECTIVE: To characterise alkaline reflux oesophagitis after total gastrectomy in rats from the standpoints of cell proliferation and apoptosis and from its macroscopic and microscopic findings, and to evaluate the preventive and curative effects of camostat mesilate, a trypsin inhibitor. DESIGN: Open laboratory study. SETTING: University hospital, Japan. ANIMALS: 70 male Wistar rats. INTERVENTIONS: Total gastrectomy with Billroth II anastomosis (n = 30) and with Roux-en-Y anastomosis (n = 30) were used to establish reflux oesophagitis. Camostat mesilate was given for prevention and cure. The remaining 10 animals had a sham operation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Trypsin activity of the oesophagus, macroscopic and microscopic findings, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and apoptotic cell labelling indices. RESULTS: Reflux oesophagitis was more common and extensive after Billroth II than Roux-en Y anastomosis. The BrdU labelling index was increased in oesophagitis, while the apoptotic index did not change. Camostat mesilate was effective in both preventing and treating oesophagitis. CONCLUSION: Trypsin has an important role in the development of reflux oesophagitis after total gastrectomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Development of the local medical service network system. Integration of medical service with the network system between university hospital and other medical institutions.

Although every medical institution always make efforts to provide best services for the patients, it tends to be insufficient to send the patient's information and share them with other medical institutions. It is partly because in the Japanese medical care system there is no obligation to inform patients' medical information to other medical institutions. To provide effective and cost-effective medical service, we made a local network system between university hospital and other medical institutions. The system contributes to clarify the role of medical institutions and the continuity of medical service. For the next step, we must construct the home-care information service network towards the total service for the patients.

Community Networks↗
PubMed1998

An integrated genetic linkage map of the laboratory rat.

The laboratory rat, Rattus novegicus, is a major model system for physiological and pathophysiological studies, and since 1966 more than 422,000 publications describe biological studies on the rat (NCBI/Medline). The rat is becoming an increasingly important genetic model for the study of specific diseases, as well as retaining its role as a major preclinical model system for pharmaceutical development. The initial genetic linkage map of the rat contained 432 genetic markers (Jacob et al. 1995) out of 1171 developed due to the relatively low polymorphism rate of the mapping cross used (SHR x BN) when compared to the interspecific crosses in the mouse. While the rat genome project continues to localize additional markers on the linkage map, and as of 11/97 more than 3,200 loci have been mapped. Current map construction is using two different crosses (SHRSP x BN and FHH x ACI) rather than the initial mapping cross. Consequently there is a need to provide integration among the different maps. We set out to develop an integrated map, as well as increase the number of markers on the rat genetic map. The crosses available for this analysis included the original mapping cross SHR x BN reciprocal F2 intercross (448 markers), a GH x BN intercross (205 markers), a SS/Mcw x BN intercross (235 markers), and a FHH/Eur x ACI/Hsd intercross (276 markers), which is also one of the new mapping crosses. Forty-six animals from each cross were genotyped with markers polymorphic for that cross. The maps appear to cover the vast majority of the rat genome. The availability of these additional markers should facilitate more complete whole genome scans in a greater number of strains and provide additional markers in specific genomic regions of interest.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Gastric emptying after pylorus-preserving gastrectomy in comparison with conventional subtotal gastrectomy for early gastric carcinoma.

It is well known that surgical intervention on the stomach will greatly alter gastric function and gastric emptying. In this study, we evaluated the difference in postoperative gastric remnant emptying following pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) and conventional subtotal gastrectomy (CDG) using sulfamethizole capsule food. The subjects comprised 18 patients who underwent PPG and 23 who underwent CDG for early gastric carcinoma. While delayed gastric emptying was observed early after PPG, 1 year after PPG it was markedly accelerated compared with that measured in the early postoperative period. However, it was slower than that in the CDG patients. On the other hand, rapid gastric emptying was observed early after CDG and did not change with time. These findings stress that although PPG results in stasis in the early postoperative period, it seems to prevent unduly rapid emptying.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1998

Immunohistochemical study of localization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the rat brain.

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) is a membrane-bound enzyme which is known to play a crucial role in active transport of amino acids across membrane barriers. We prepared a monoclonal antibody recognizing specifically rat gamma-GTP and investigated localization of the enzyme in the rat brain by immunohistochemistry with this antibody. The antigen was localized on the ependyma, epithelia of the choroid plexus and microvessels. More precise localization of gamma-GTP was examined with immuno-electron microscopy. The antigen was recognized on the microvilli and cilia of the ependymal cells, microvilli of the choroid epithelial cells and luminal membranes of the vascular endothelial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

A case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma showed complete remission with chemotherapy.

A 71-year-old woman presented with an abdominal mass and ascites and was subsequently admitted to our hospital in June 1995. Further examination revealed that the mass was malignant and, as a result, surgery was indicated. However, the mass demonstrated widespread peritoneal dissemination, which therefore could not be resected, and pathological findings suggested a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. The patient showed a remarkable response to combined chemotherapy with an accompanying intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin and etoposide and an intravenous injection of caffeine. However, owing to side effects, this regimen was discontinued. The patient was administered a combination drug of uracil and tegafur (UFT) in addition to intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin as an outpatient. By the 223rd day after surgery, the tumor mass and ascites had completely disappeared according to the CT. Hence chemotherapy was judged to have resulted in complete remission. Such a marked response to chemotherapy is rare in an advanced malignant peritoneal mesothelioma such as the present case. Eight months later, the tumor recurred in the pleura. Another regimen of chemotherapy with cisplatin and CPT-11 was performed. However, this treatment proved ineffective. The patient subsequently died of respiratory failure in January 1997 due to the mesothelioma. This is a case report of complete remission of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma by combined chemotherapy.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Postoperative functional evaluation of pylorus-preserving gastrectomy for early gastric cancer compared with conventional distal gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition, gallbladder dysfunction, dumping syndrome, reflux esophagitis, and gastritis of the remnant stomach are unfavorable sequelae in patients undergoing gastrectomy. Operative procedures should be improved to ensure such patients a satisfactory quality of life. METHODS: After operation, gallbladder function, reflux gastritis, gastric emptying, and caloric intake were evaluated in 20 patients with early gastric cancer undergoing pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG) and 25 patients undergoing conventional distal gastrectomy (CDG). RESULTS: The resting gallbladder area increased significantly after CDG. In contrast, after PPG the gallbladder area showed no significant change and the contraction rate decreased slightly. After CDG, emptying was much more rapid for the first 30 minutes after ingestion of a meal. Although delayed emptying was observed early after PPG, the rate of emptying increased with time. Gastric pH was lower and gastric mucosal injury was milder in patients undergoing PPG. These results are attributed to preserved pyloric function. The caloric intake and changes in body weight after operation were similar in both the CDG and PPG groups. CONCLUSIONS: PPG has advantages over CDG in terms of gallbladder function, the condition of the remnant stomach, and gastric emptying, PPG should be used in carefully selected patients with early gastric cancer to improve their quality of life.

Bile Reflux↗
PubMed1997

XLS13A and XLS13B: SRY-related genes of Xenopus laevis.

SRY-related cDNAs, XLS13A and XLS13B, have been isolated from Xenopus laevis ovary. The cDNAs encode polypeptides of 382 and 375 amino acids, respectively. Nucleotide sequences of the two cDNAs are highly homologous to each other. The type-A and type-B XLS13 proteins, and xSox13 reported previously share an identical high mobility group (HMG) box at the amino acid level, although they contain silent nucleotide alterations. The HMG box exhibits strong similarity (> 93% amino acid identity) to those of mouse Sox4/human SOX4 and chicken Sox11/human SOX11. The size of XLS13A/XLS13B mRNA was estimated to be 2.8 knt in Xenopus ovary by Northern analysis. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) assay indicated that XLS13A and XLS13B mRNAs are present in various tissues of adult frog. The mRNAs of XLS13A and XLS13B of maternal origin found in unfertilized eggs disappear in the early stages of the Xenopus embryo. DNA-binding properties of the XLS13 HMG domain were examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). The HMG domain preferentially binds to the canonical target sequence of SOX proteins, AACAAT, in vitro.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Genetic mapping and chromosome localization of the rat mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, a candidate for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The mitochondrial FAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mtGPD) plays an important role in the regulation of insulin secretion and has been postulated as a candidate responsible for the pathogenesis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in humans as well as in rodent models of NIDDM. Recent molecular genetic studies of the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat model of NIDDM have identified loci linked to NIDDM. To elucidate whether rat mtGPD might play a role in the pathogenesis of NIDDM, the rat mtGPD gene (Gpd2) was cloned, and a genetic marker for Gpd2 was developed. The gene mapped to the region of rat chromosome 3 that contains a region linked to NIDDM in the GK rat. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was also carried out to verify the map position.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cloning and characterization of Xenopus laevis xSox7 cDNA.

A family of SRY-related genes has been termed SOX. We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA encoding a novel Sox protein from Xenopus laevis ovary. This cDNA contains an open reading frame (ORF) coding for 362 amino acids, which encompasses an HMG box and exhibits a strong (90%) identity to that of mouse Sox7; the cDNA was named xSox7 in this study. Northern analysis revealed that the xSox7 mRNA was 2.0 kb in length. Various adult frog tissues were tested by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction for xSox7 mRNA, and the results showed that xSox7 is expressed in a wide range of tissues. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shif assay indicated that recombinant xSox7 is capable of binding to AACAAT sequence.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Cell-associated IL-8 in human blood monocytes: analysis by flow cytometry.

Several cell-associated cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor, exist on the cell surface and are biologically active. Although extracellular IL-8, a potent chemotactic factor for primarily neutrophils, has been studied extensively, cell-associated IL-8 has barely been studied. In this study, we analyzed the intracellular and cell-surface IL-8 in human blood monocytes in vitro by using flow cytometry and predicted the biological activity of the cell-associated IL-8 in vivo. After fixation with paraformaldehyde, mononuclear cells were divided into two subgroups. One subgroup was left untreated to study cell-associated antigens, and the other subgroup was permeabilized with saponin to detect intracellular antigens. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated monocytes, IL-8 was detected solely intracellularly, whereas both the intracellular and cell-surface IL-1 beta was detectable. In a time-course study, the intracellular IL-8 increased in response to LPS stimulation, but the cell-surface IL-8 was undetectable throughout the course. In an LPS-stimulated monocytic cell line, both ELISA and flow cytometry detected the quantitative change of the intracellular IL-8. The dissimilar localization between IL-8 and IL-1 beta within cells was confirmed by the immunohistochemical analysis. In summary, LPS stimulation induced a time-dependent increase in intracellular but not cell-surface IL-8 in monocytes. Thus, it is unlikely that the cell-associated IL-8 is functioning physiologically. The semiquantitative flow cytometric procedure may be useful for simultaneous examination for cell-surface and intracellular cytokines.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1996

Cloning and expression of Xenopus laevis xSox12 cDNA.

A family of SRY-related genes has been termed SOX. We have isolated and sequenced a cDNA encoding xSox12 from Xenopus laevis ovary. The cDNA contained an open reading frame (ORF) coding for 470 amino acids encompassing an HMG box characteristic of the SOX family, a leucine zipper motif and glutamine-rich segments. The size of the xSox12 mRNA was determined to be 3.0 knt by Northern analysis. The ovary was the most prominent in the expression of the Sox mRNA among the various tissues of adult frog as far as examined.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

A reference cross DNA panel for zebrafish (Danio rerio) anchored with simple sequence length polymorphisms.

The ultimate informativeness of the zebrafish mutations described in this issue will rest in part on the ability to clone these genes. However, the genetic infrastructure required for the positional cloning in zebrafish is still in its infancy. Here we report a reference cross panel of DNA, consisting of 520 F2 progeny (1040 meioses) that has been anchored to a zebrafish genetic linkage map by 102 simple sequence length polymorphisms. This reference cross DNA provides: (1) a panel of DNA from the cross that was used to construct the genetic linkage map, upon which polymorphic gene(s) and genetic markers can be mapped; (2) a fine order mapping tool, with a maximum resolution of 0.1 cM; and (3) a foundation for the development of a physical map (an ordered array of clones each containing a known portion of the genome). This reference cross DNA will serve as a resource enabling investigators to relate genes or genetic markers directly to a single genetic linkage map and avoid the problem of integrating different maps with different genetic markers, as must be currently done when using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers, or as has occurred with human genetic linkage maps.

Alleles↗