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Biomedical subjects

M Shinohara

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinohara.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Spermatic cord metastases from gastric cancer with elevation of serum hCG-beta: a case report.

Spermatic cord metastases from gastric cancer are rare. We here document a case involving a gastric cancer that mimicked primary testicular tumor because of elevation of the serum human chorionic gonadotropin-beta (hCG-beta). The possibility of metastasis or recurrence of prior malignancies should therefore be considered when the clinical features described here are encountered, although elevation of hCG-beta is rare with tumors other than those in testis.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2000

Decrease in maximal voluntary contraction by tonic vibration applied to a single synergist muscle in humans.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of prolonged tonic vibration applied to a single synergist muscle on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and maximal rate of force development (dF/dt(max)). The knee extension MVC force and surface electromyogram (EMG) from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) during MVC were recorded before and after vibration of RF muscle at 30 Hz for 30 min. MVC, dF/dt(max), and the integrated EMG (iEMG) of RF decreased significantly after prolonged tonic vibration in spite of no changes in iEMG of VL and VM. The present results indicate that MVC and dF/dt(max) may be influenced by the attenuated Ia afferent functions of a single synergist muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

A new spontaneously diabetic non-obese Torii rat strain with severe ocular complications.

A new spontaneously diabetic strain of the Sprague-Dawley rat was established in 1997 and named the SDT (Spontaneously Diabetic Torii) rat. In this research, we investigated the characteristics of the disease condition in the SDT rats. The time of onset of glucosuria was different between male and female SDT rats; glucosuria appeared at approximately 20 weeks of age in male rats and at approximately 45 weeks of age in female rats. A cumulative incidence of diabetes of 100% was noted by 40 weeks of age in male rats, while it was only 33.3% even by 65 weeks of age in female rats. The survival rate up to 65 weeks of age was 92.9% in male rats and 97.4% in female rats. Glucose intolerance was observed in male rats from 16 weeks of age. The clinical characteristics of the male SDT rats were (1) hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia (from 25 weeks of age); (2) long-term survival without insulin treatment; (3) hypertriglyceridemia (by 35 weeks of age); however, no obesity was noted in any of the male rats. The histopathological characteristics of the male rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) were (1) fibrosis of the pancreatic islets (by 25 weeks of age); (2) cataract (by 40 weeks of age); (3) tractional retinal detachment with fibrous proliferation (by 70 weeks of age) and (4) massive hemorrhaging in the anterior chamber (by 77 weeks of age). These clinical and histopathological characteristics of the disease in SDT rats resemble those of human Type 2 diabetes with insulin hyposecretion. In conclusion, SDT rat is considered to be a potentially useful model for studies of diabetic retinopathy encountered in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Growth hormone therapy in achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia is one of the most common causes of severe rhizomelic dwarfism. We have previously reported the growth-promoting effect of growth hormone (GH) in this disorder. In this expanded clinical study, dose dependency and the long-term effect of GH were also investigated. Prepubertal children with achondroplasia (82 males and 63 females) were randomly divided into 2 groups. Patients were treated with 0.5 IU/kg per week or 1.0 IU/kg per week subcutaneous recombinant human GH. Of 75 patients, the mutational analysis of fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 revealed that G1138A was detected in 70 and G1138C was found in 2. GH increased growth rate and height z score in a dose-dependent manner. GH also increased serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-binding protein-3 and osteocalcin. No adverse effects were observed in either group. We conclude that GH therapy is a useful method for improvement of severe growth retardation of achondroplasia.

Achondroplasia↗
PubMed2000

Purification and characterization of a novel lactonohydrolase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

A novel lactonohydrolase, catalyzing the stereospecific hydrolysis of L-pantoyl lactone to L-pantoic acid, was purified 2,400-fold to apparent homogeneity with a 1.96% overall recovery from Agrobacterium tumefaciens AKU 316 through a purification procedure including ammonium sulfate fractionation, and column chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel, phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B, Sephacryl S-200, Mono-Q and alkyl-Superose. The relative molecular mass of the native enzyme estimated on high-pressure gel permeation chromatography was 62,000 Da, and the subunit molecular mass was estimated to 26,500 Da on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme hydrolyzes several aromatic lactones, such as 3,4-dihydrocoumarin and homogentisic acid lactone, other than L-pantoyl lactone. The Km and Vmax for L-pantoyl lactone were 3.59 mM and 13.7micromol/min/mg, respectively. The enzymatic activity was inhibited by several chelating reagents, Fe2+, Sn2+, Pb2+, and Fe3+.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens↗
PubMed2000

[Two cases of extreme hemodilution caused by massive hemorrhage immediately after start of operation].

We describe two cases of extreme hemodilution due to large amounts of fluid infusion for unexpected massive hemorrhage. In both cases, unexpected hemorrhage with difficult hemostasis occurred within 60 min after the start of the operation. For lack of transfused blood, large amounts of fluid infusion using crystalloid and colloid solutions including 5% albumin, plasma expander and lactated Ringer's solution were administered to maintain circulatory blood volume. The hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit had been below 2.0 g.dl-1 and 10% for approximately one hour, respectively. The extreme hemodilution improved by the urgent blood transfusion. In one case, intraoperative autotransfusion with Cell-Saver was performed. In spite of intraoperative extreme hemodilution, their postoperative courses were uneventful. Intraoperative awareness was present in both cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura: two cases and review of the literature].

We present two cases of malignant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (MSFT-P) and review 29 reported cases of MSFT-P. In examining the clinical and morphological features and prognosis of MSFT-P, we found that over 90% of the patients had some symptoms and one-third showed local recurrence. Chest radiographs and CT demonstrated large broad-based masses with necrosis, hemorrhage, and pleural effusion. The maximum diameter of the tumors was greater than 10 cm. Pleural effusion was seen in more than 70% of the patients, but there was only one case of pleural dissemination. All of the cases were well demarcated, and this was the most reliable finding for differentiating MSFT-P and malignant mesothelioma.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A case of transient cortical blindness complicated by Henoch-Schönlein purpura with bronchiectasis].

A 19-year-old woman had been treated for bronchiectasis since she was born. In October 1995, she was diagnosed as Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) and HSP nephritis with the findings as follows; palpable petechial rash of legs, abdominal pain, arthralgias, and proteinuria. The administration of oral prednisolone was started, the clinical symptoms except for proteinuria was disappeared. However, nephrotic syndrome was continued despite the therapy of intravenous methylprednisolone pulse, various immunosuppressive drugs and warfarin. In February 1998, she was admitted to our hospital because of pneumonia. Several days later, her pneumonia improved on treatment with antibiotics, but she suddenly developed transient cortical blindness and acute renal failure. A provisional diagnosis of hypertensive encephalopathy and cerebral edema related to vasculitis was made, and she was treated with nifedipine, Glycelo, and high dose immunoglobulin. After the treatment, her vision and renal function had improved. She is a rare case associated with transient cortical blindness, bronchiectasis, and HSP.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Comparative studies of modulatory effect to the function of rat peritoneal neutrophils treated with new quinolones.

Some of the immunological effects of a variety of new quinolones on adhesion, phagocytosis, and production of reactive oxygen intermediators in neutrophils were studied. Ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, fleroxacin, and levofloxacin potentiated the phagocytosis of Escherichia coli in neutrophils. Moreover, lomefloxacin, and sparfloxacin significantly potentiated adhesion of neutrophils. In contrast, tosufloxacin was effective in significantly and persistently potentiating the production of superoxide anion, whereas the other agents markedly inhibited such production. Furthermore, tosufloxacin was effective in significantly potentiating the production of hydrogen peroxide, whereas sparfloxacin markedly inhibited such production. These results suggest that the new quinolones at a therapeutic concentration may affect functions such as phagocytosis, and production of superoxide anion in neutrophils.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1999

Immunohistochemical study of sialyl Le(a) and sialyl Le(x) antigen in oral squamous cell carcinoma: the association of sialyl Le(a) expression with the metastatic potential.

BACKGROUND: Carbohydrate antigens in cancer cells are considered to be involved in the binding of cancer cells to the endothelium during metastasis. METHODS: Seventy cases of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were obtained from biopsy specimens and were analyzed immunohistochemically using an antibody against sialyl Lewis (Le)a or sialyl Le(x). Flow cytometry was performed to detect the sialyl Le(a) or sialyl Le(x) expressed on oral SCC cell lines. RESULTS: The expressions of sialyl Le(a), but not sialyl Le(x), of primary tumors significantly correlated to nodal metastasis; 71% of the metastatic cases express sialyl Le(a) and the cases with positive sialyl Le(a) and no sialyl Le(x) demonstrated a high incidence of metastasis (80%). A flow cytometric study demonstrated the oral SCC cell line, which can metastasize in nude mice, to express a high level of sialyl Le(a). CONCLUSION: The high expression of sialyl Le(a) in primary tumors may thus be involved in nodal metastasis and therefore predict a poor prognosis in oral SCC.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Expression of MMPS, MT-MMP, and TIMPs in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: correlations with tumor invasion and metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade the extracellular matrices (ECMs) have been thought to play an important role in both the invasion and metastasis of tumors. However, the detailed role of MMPs and TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of MMP) on the biological behavior of tumor cells has yet to be elucidated in vivo. The aim of the present study was thus to determine whether expression of MMPs on tumor cells is associated with such clinicopathological features as the invasive and metastatic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 96 cases of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), of which 38 cases showed lymph node metastases. The relationship between the expression of MMPs and the staining of ECMs, the mode of tumor invasion, nodal involvement, and expression of TIMPs was immunohistochemically examined. RESULTS: First of all, a decrease in the staining of ECMs was observed in cases with an increased expression of MMP-1, -2, and -9. The association between the expression of MMPs and the loss of ECMs was thus found to be statistically significant. Secondly, in both invasive and metastatic cases, a marked expression of MMP-1, -2, -3, -9 and MT1-MMP was frequently observed. The association of the expression of MMPs both with the mode of tumor invasion and nodal involvement was thus found to be statistically significant. Thirdly, TIMP-2 was thus found not to significantly decrease in metastatic cases, while TIMP-1 expression significantly increased in metastatic cases. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tumor progression is dependent on the ability of tumor cells to degrade ECMs, while the metastasis of tumors is regulated by many types of MMPs, and the overproduction of MMPs therefore appears to be more important for metastasis than the production of TIMPs in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Non-uniform mechanical activity of quadriceps muscle during fatigue by repeated maximal voluntary contraction in humans.

To determine the non-uniform surface mechanical activity of human quadriceps muscle during fatiguing activity, surface mechanomyogram (MMG), or muscle sound, and surface electromyogram (EMG) were recorded from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and vastus medialis (VM) muscles of seven subjects during unilateral isometric knee extension exercise. Time- and frequency-domain analyses of MMG and of EMG fatigued by 50 repeated maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) for 3 s, with 3-s relaxation in between, were compared among the muscles. The mean MVC force fell to 49.5 (SEM 2.0)% at the end of the repeated MVC. Integrated EMG decreased in a similar manner in each muscle head, but a marked non-uniformity was found for the decline in integrated MMG (iMMG). The fall in iMMG was most prominent for RF, followed by VM and VL. Moreover, the median frequency of MMG and the relative decrease in that of EMG in RF were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those recorded for VL and VM. These results would suggest a divergence of mechanical activity within the quadriceps muscle during fatiguing activity by repeated MVC.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Highly active antiretroviral therapy used to treat concurrent hepatitis B and human immunodeficiency virus infections.

We report a case of simultaneous infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a 26-year-old Japanese homosexual man. He was admitted to our hospital for acute hepatitis caused by HBV. At that time, HIV-1antibody (Ab) was not detected in his serum. After 6 months, he was readmitted to our hospital for further examination of his liver because of confined liver enzyme abnormalities. Anti-HIV- Ab was detected in his serum by both enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) and particle agglutination (PA). His serum HIV-1 RNA level was 50 x 10(4) copies/ml and serum levels of HBV DNA polymerase (DNA-P) and HBV DNA were 6535cpm and 3 plus (>1000 copies/ml). His clinical course and laboratory data suggested progression from acute to chronic hepatitis related to coinfection with HIV-1. The diagnosis was chronic active hepatitis caused by HBV as an opportunistic infection due to coinfection with HIV-1. We began highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) because interferon (IFN) therapy was ineffective. HAART was started at an initial dosage of 600 mg zidovudine (AZT), 300 mg lamivudine (3TC), and 2400 mg indinavir (IDV) daily. After 4 weeks, the serum level of HBV DNA-polymerase (p) had decreased markedly to 37cpm and that of HIV-1 RNA had decreased to below the sensitivity threshold, indicating considerable suppression of the replication of these viruses by the treatment. But HBV DNA remained at low levels. Although the incidence of HBV infection in patients with HIV-1 infection has been reported to be high in the United States and Europe, simultaneous HBV and HIV-1 infection leading to persistent HBV infection is rare.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Induction of apoptosis in human gingival fibroblasts by a Porphyromonas gingivalis protease preparation.

Proteases produced by Porphyromonas gingivalis are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Here the cytotoxic effects of a purified preparation of a P. gingivalis protease with trypsin-like specificity were tested on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. The active protease induced apoptotic cell death in the fibroblasts, as indicated by DNA fragmentation and the expression of 7A6 antigen. Thus, the production of proteases by periodontopathic bacteria could be an important factor in the induction of apoptosis of host cells in the aetiology of periodontal diseases.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1999

Corticosteroids in the treatment of the acute phase of Kawasaki disease.

OBJECTIVES: Corticosteroids are considered to be contraindicated during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) based on unfavorable results in early studies. In our hospital, however, corticosteroids have been used in some cases of KD with satisfactory results. We analyzed outcomes of patients with KD treated with or without corticosteroids. STUDY DESIGN: Medical records of 299 children with KD treated with one of the 4 regimens were reviewed retrospectively. Regimen 1 consisted of aspirin, dipyridamole, and propranolol; regimen 2 was regimen 1 plus prednisolone, 2 mg/kg/d, for 1 week, followed by tapering over 2 weeks; regimen 3 was regimen 1 plus intravenous gamma-globulin (IVGG), 200 or 400 mg/kg/d, for 5 consecutive days; and regimen 4 was regimen 1 plus both prednisolone and IVGG. RESULTS: Although patients treated with regimens 2 and 4 were more ill at presentation than those treated with regimens 1 and 3, respectively, the duration of fever was shorter in the former patient groups (P =.0013). Coronary aneurysms developed least frequently in patients treated with regimen 4 and less frequently with regimen 2 than with regimen 1 (P =.0730). Multiple regression analysis showed significant reductions of fever and coronary aneurysm incidence with prednisolone (P <.0001 and P =.0307, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a possible role of corticosteroids in the treatment of the acute phase of KD.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1999

Possible interaction between new quinolones and immune functions in macrophages.

Some of the immunological effects of a variety of new quinolones on chemotaxis and the production of superoxide anion in rat macrophages were studied. All of the new quinolones examined at a dose range of 0.5 to 50 microg/ml significantly inhibited chemotaxis in a dose-dependent manner in rat macrophages. Moreover, the new quinolones at a dose of 0.5 microg/ml were effective in markedly potentiating the generation of superoxide anion. These results indicate that the new quinolones may modulate immune functions in rat macrophages.

Animals↗