Biomedical subjects

M Shinohara

Publications and source records attributed to M Shinohara.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources

PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic studies of obstructive lesions in submandibular glands.

Obstructive sialoadenitis was examined by immunohistochemical techniques for keratin (MoAb KL1, PKK1 and K8.12) and actin. Electronmicroscopy (EMS) was used to identify ultrastructural changes in myoepithelial cells and ductal basal cells. With immunohistochemistry, actin staining was used as a marker of myoepithelium, MoAbs KL1 and PKK1 for ductal luminal cells, and MoAb K8.12 for ductal basal cells. Histologic features of the lesion usually showed degenerative changes of acinar and duct cells with cell infiltration and fibrous replacement. Immunohistochemical findings indicated that actin staining in the changed myoepithelial cells was irregularly positive or negative, and also keratin staining in luminal and ductal basal cells was reduced or disappeared. Ultra-structural features of the changed myoepithelial cells indicated that these cells appeared less altered than adjacent acinar and ductal cells and showed increased amounts of lipid droplets and lipofuscin granules, and also wrinkled processes filled the prominent myofilament material.

Actins↗

PubMed1992

Changes in muscle sympathetic nerve activity and calf blood flow during combined leg and forearm exercise.

In order to examine efferent sympathetic nerve control of the peripheral circulation during exercise, muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), calf blood flow (CBF), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and oxygen uptake were measured during combined foot and forearm exercise. An initial period of rhythmic foot exercise (RFE) (60 min-1 at 10% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was followed by the addition of rhythmic handgrip exercise (RFE + OCCL) (60 min at 30% of MVC) and by forearm ischaemia after handgrip exercise while continuing RFE (RFE + OCCL). During RFE, CBF in the working leg, HR and oxygen increased respectively by 560%, 121% and 144% when compared with the control rest period, but MSNA (burst rate) was reduced by 13% (P > 0.05) and BP was unchanged. During RFE + RHG, HR, BP and oxygen uptake were greater than during RFE alone. There was no change in CBF, but a significant increase occurred in calf vascular resistance (CVR) and MSNA increased to 121% of the control level. During RFE + OCCL, MSNA, CVR and BP were all higher than during RFE alone, whereas HR and oxygen uptake decreased slightly, although they remained higher than the control values. The increase in CVR in the working leg and the rise in BP during RFE + RHG or RFE + OCCL might be linked to enhancement of MSNA, which may have been reflexly evoked by input from muscle metabolic receptors in the working forearm.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Messenger RNA expression and synthesis of endothelin-1 along rat nephron segments.

The kidney both produces and responds to endothelin. We examined the production and the expression of mRNA of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in tubule suspensions and microdissected nephron segments. ET-1 production was measured by RIA using an ET-1-specific antibody. We applied the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect ET-1 mRNA along the nephron segments. Stimulation of ET-1 production was observed in the presence of FCS and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in inner medullary tubules but not in cortical or outer medullary tubule suspensions. Among dissected nephron segments, ET-1 production was observed in glomeruli and inner medullary collecting ducts (IMCD), whereas it was negligible in proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and medullary thick ascending limbs (MAL). In addition, the PCR product of ET-1 mRNA was also higher in glomeruli and IMCD, whereas it was undetectable in PCT and MAL. Furthermore, FCS and TGF-beta increased ET-1 mRNA in microdissected glomeruli and IMCD. These data clearly demonstrated that the production sites of ET-1 are glomeruli and IMCD among the nephron segments. ET-1 is an autocrine factor in these sites.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Abnormalities in platelets and vascular endothelial cells induced by glycated lipoproteins.

We studied the effects of glycated lipoproteins of low- and high-density (LDL and HDL) on platelets and vascular endothelial cells. After pretreatment for 5 minutes at 37 degrees C, the thrombin-induced synthesis of thromboxane B2 in washed platelets was significantly increased by glycated LDL as compared with native LDL (198.9 +/- 16.2 vs 90.3 +/- 29.4 ng/10(9) platelets, n = 8, p less than 0.01). Platelet aggregation was also increased by glycated LDL as compared with native LDL. After treatment with platelet-rich plasma for 5 hours at 37 degrees C, these values were suppressed by native HDL vs the control (buffer), but not by glycated HDL. Abnormalities in the release of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha and lactate dehydrogenase from vascular endothelial cells were also induced by glycated LDL and/or HDL. These observations suggest that abnormalities induced in platelets and vascular endothelial cells by glycated lipoproteins may play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical analysis of multiple primary cancers associated with bladder cancer].

Among 321 bladder cancer cases from 1975 to 1989, 43 cases (13.4%) were found to have multiple primary cancers (MPC) and 278 cases without MPC (86.6%). These two groups were compared with regard to their clinical and pathological features. Mean age of patients when the bladder cancer was diagnosed was 68.9 +/- 8.9 in MPC cases and 65.7 +/- 12.3 (mean +/- S.D.) in cases without MPC. The male to female ratio was 3.8 to 1 and 2.6 to 1, respectively. The common sites of MPC were the lung, stomach and rectum, all of them being the organs often involved with cancer. Prostatic cancers in eight of 12 MPC cases were incidentally found in total cystectomy specimens. The sites of the synchronous and metachronous MPC involving lung, stomach and rectum cancers showed relatively even distribution. In males, the most common synchronous MPC included prostatic cancer, but in females, the diagnosis of uterine cancer tended to be made prior to the diagnosis of bladder cancer. In two cases, there was a strong suspicion that the therapy for the first cancer contributed to the occurrence of the second cancer. In the present study, no significant differences were noted with regard to clinicopathological characteristics of bladder cancer between the group with MPC and that without MPC. The five years survival rates from the beginning of bladder cancer treatment were 48.8% and 64.9%, respectively, indicating that the prognosis of the MPC cases was significantly worse (p less than 0.05) than that of cases without MPC. The most common cause of death in MPC cases was due to cancers other than bladder (36%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Female↗

PubMed1992

[A case of aortic valve stenosis and regurgitation with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura].

A patient of aortic valvular disease with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura underwent aortic valvular replacement. We report a preventive measure against the intra and postoperative bleeding. The patient was a 67-year-old man. He was diagnosed as aortic valvular stenosis with regurgitation. There was no abnormal data about the coagulation test. Thrombocyte count was 8.2 x 10(4)/mm3, but thrombocytopenic life span had shortened 3.8 days. So, we used gamma-globulin 400 mg/kg/day for 5 days before the day of operation and infused blood platelets on the day of operation. There was no problem intra and postoperative period. On the 14th postoperative day thrombocyte count increased to 22.9 x 10(4)/mm3, and thrombocytopenic life span returned to normal range (7.6 days). But on the 45th day of postoperation, thrombocyte count decreased to 11.0 x 10(4)/mm3. We think that many gamma-globulin medication is a useful method to prevent intra and postoperative bleeding resulting from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[A case of Nasu-Hakola's disease with T2-weighted MRI finding of reduced signal intensity in the thalamus and putamen].

A 30-year-old female received a head injury at the age of 22 years. Subsequently neurological and psychiatric symptoms, such as personality change, urinary incontinence, dementia and gait disturbance developed. On admission, her cognitive function was severely impaired. Brain CT disclosed cerebral atrophy, dilatation of the lateral ventricle and calcification of the basal ganglia. Pathologically membranous structures were recognized in bone marrow. On the basis of these clinical findings, a diagnosis of Nasu-Hakola's disease was made. In this case, a T2-weighted MRI finding of reduced signal intensity in the thalamus and putamen was characteristic. This finding may be related to intracranial calcification.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[The surgical treatment for the Stanford type A aortic dissection].

Twenty-nine patients who underwent operation at Shinshu University Hospital for the Stanford type A dissecting aneurysm were analysed. The patients were operated on in the acute stage within 2 weeks after onset. In 13 of these 26 acute cases, the graft replacement of the ascending and arch of the aorta was performed (group A). The patients were operated under a separate perfusion to the brain and the distal anastomosis to the proximal portion of the descending aorta was performed using the method of open distal anastomosis. In other 13 cases, the graft replacement of the ascending aorta was performed (group B). Operative mortality rate was 19% in this series (group A: 23%, group B: 15%). There was no significant difference in their operative mortality of acute stage. And there was also no significant difference in their post operative course of acute stage operations. We concluded that the graft replacement of the ascending and arch of the aorta was better than the graft replacement of the ascending aorta alone for the patients with Stanford type A acute aortic dissection.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Evaluation of myometrial invasion in patients with endometrial cancer by magnetic resonance imaging].

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been widely used for the diagnosis of gynecologic disease. We studied the clinical usefulness of MRI in 34 patients with endometrial cancer from July, 1988 to August, 1991. Pre-operative pelvic MRI was carried out to evaluate the myometrial invasion in these patients. MRI was accurate in predicting the presence or absence of myometrial invasion in 23 of 34 cases (68%), while echo or CT (computed tomography) was accurate in 26% and 8%. In conclusion, MRI is considered to be the most useful examination for the evaluation of myometrial invasion in endometrial cancer.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Increase in neuromuscular activity and oxygen uptake during heavy exercise.

In order to examine the contribution of neuromuscular activity to the slow increase in VO2 during heavy exercise, integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of dominant working muscle and VO2 was compared in seven subjects during constant-load cycling exercise at the intensity of 10% below and 30% above ventilatory threshold (VT) for seven minutes. VO2 and iEMG after 4th min in above VT test was significantly correlated (r = 0.53, p less than 0.01) and VO2/iEMG was constant after 4th min, indicating coupling of iEMG with VO2. The results suggested that the slow increase in VO2 during heavy exercise may result from the changes in the recruitment pattern of motor units.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

A t(Y;15) translocation with a deletion of the proximal Yq in a boy with mixed gonadal dysgenesis.

A Japanese boy with genital malformation and mixed gonadal dysgenesis is described. The karyotype appeared to be 46,X t(15;Y)(p13;q11). A comparison of the Q-positive segment on der(15) with that of the paternal Y chromosome revealed, however, the loss of over half of the Q-positive segment from the paternal Y during t(15;Y) translocation. The father had an unusually long Y chromosome that corresponded to a chromosome 18. DNA analysis further revealed a deletion of the non-fluorescent part of the long arm of the Y chromosome spanning interval 5-6.

Blotting, Southern↗

PubMed1991

The ventilatory threshold gives maximal lactate steady state.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the ventilatory threshold (Thv) would give the maximal lactate steady state ([la]ss, max), which was defined as the highest work rate (W) attained by a subject without a progressive increase in blood lactate concentration [la]b at constant intensity exercise. Firstly, 8 healthy men repeated ramp-work tests (20 W.min-1) on an electrically braked cycle ergometer on different days. During the tests, alveolar gas exchange was measured breath-by-breath, and the W at Thv (WThv) was determined. The results of two-way ANOVA showed that the coefficient of variation of a single WThv determination was 2.6%. Secondly, 13 men performed 30-min exercise at WThv (Thv trial) and at 4.9% above WThv (Thv + trial), which corresponded to the 95% confidence interval of the single determination. The [la]b was measured at 15 and 30 min from the onset of exercise. The [la]b at 15 min (3.15 mmol.l-1, SEM 0.14) and at 30 min (2.95 mmol.l-1, SEM 0.18) were not significantly different in Thv trial. However, the [la]b of Thv + trial significantly increased (P less than 0.05) from 15 min (3.62 mmol.l-1, SEM 0.36) to 30 min (3.91 mmol.l-1, SEM 0.40). These results indicate that Thv gives the [la]ss, max, at which one can perform sustained exercise without continuous [la]b accumulation.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Hematopoietic cell transplantation after administration of high-dose busulfan in murine globoid cell leukodystrophy (the twitcher mouse).

We evaluated the effectiveness of administration of high-dose busulfan (BU), an alkylating agent with substantial myeloablative but negligible immunosuppressive properties, on the engraftment of congenic normal bone marrow and spleen cells (hematopoietic cell transplantation; HCT) in murine galactosylceramidase deficiency (the twitcher mouse), a model of human sphingolipid storage disease. Untreated mice died with extensive demyelination and failure to thrive at a median age of 40 d (range, 28-47; n = 51). The life-span of twitcher mice given HCT at age 10 d after 100 mg/kg BU was significantly prolonged (median, 94 d; range, 55-140; n = 17); these animals did not develop the hindlimb paralysis seen in untreated twitchers. Histologic examination of twitcher sciatic nerves after HCT showed remyelinated areas and decreased globoid cell inclusions. Animals given HCT after conditioning with BU had both lymphoid and hematopoietic repopulation with donor cells by 90 d after HCT, as documented by presence of donor glucose phosphate isomerase-1A activity in blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. After BU and HCT, galactosylceramidase activity in livers and spleens of twitcher mice reached 45 and 80% of control, respectively; only modest elevations were observed in kidneys and lymph nodes. Hydrolase activity rose to 20% in the brains and exceeded control values in the sciatic nerves of transplanted twitcher mice, indicating entry of at least some donor-derived cells and/or hydrolase across the blood-brain and blood-nerve barriers after BU and HCT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[A case of adult Wilms' tumor--review of the literature on histopathological features and prognosis].

A case of Wilms' tumor in a 57-year-old woman is reported. She was with a complaint of a palpable mass on the right upper abdomen. CT scan showed a non-hemogenous mass arising from the lower pole of the right kidney. After transarterial embolization, right transabdominal radical nephrectomy was performed under the diagnosis of renal cancer. Histopathological study revealed Wilms' tumor stage 2. Over the two years after surgery the patient is disease-free. Wilms' tumor is rare in adults. The prognosis of adult Wilms' tumor is recognized to be poorer than that of children. Recently, Wilms' tumors in children are classified into two histopathological groups, that is "favorable histology" and "unfavorable histology" according to the cell differentiation. Based on a collection of the previous Japanese and English reports, we analyzed the relationship between the histopathological features and the prognosis in adult Wilms' tumor. Ten cases of unfavorable histology have very poor prognosis, with the two year survival rate of 22%. In contrast, that of 24 cases of favorable histology was 71%. In particular, all cases of the epithelial predominant type presenting favorable histology, including stag 4 cases, survived over two years. Our case was the epithelial predominent type presenting favorable histology. That is probably one of the chief reasons of the good prognosis. In conclusion, the above-mentioned results show that in adult Wilms' tumor, the prognosis of unfavorable histology is very poor, but that of a low stage or the epithelial type presenting favorable histology is, as in children, relatively good.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Disorder of serum electrolytes following CAP therapy].

Combination chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin and Cisplatin (CAP) is one of the most effective chemotherapies for ovarian cancer. Severe vomiting induced by this treatment may cause a disorder of the serum electrolytes. Severe hyponatremia was observed in one patient who complained of convulsions and unconsciousness. Accordingly we studied the disorder of serum electrolytes in 158 courses of CAP treatment (44 patients) during the five years from 1984 to 1988. The serum electrolytes were influenced by the amount of vomiting in this study. Consequently frequent examination of serum electrolytes is necessary during this treatment.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗

PubMed1991

[Effects of erythroid differentiation factor on inhibition of erythroid colony-formation (CFU-E and BFU-E) by the sera and on BPA secretion by peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with chronic renal failure].

The effect of erythroid differentiation factor (EDF) on the colony formation of erythroid cells (CFU-E and BFU-E) inhibited by the sera from the patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) was evaluated by methylcellulose assay. EDF restored the inhibited formation of CFU-E colony irrespective of the absence or presence of the accessory cells. In addition, EDF was considered to recover BFU-E colony formation through the burst promoting activity (BPA) secreted by the adherent cells. A suicide experiment using 3H-thymidine revealed that EDF acted to induce BFU-E from resting phase to S phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, the number of circulating BFU-E and the secretion of BPA by the mononuclear cells, both of which were significantly low in CRF patients, were also moderately increased by the addition of EDF. These data suggest that EDF could be utilized as a therapeutic agent for pathogenetic factors except hypoproduction of erythropoietin on the anemia of the patients with CRF.

Activins↗

PubMed1991

[Oral condition of infantile acute lymphatic leukemia with microbisme substitute].

The oral condition of a 7 year old boy at the 12th and 13th remission induction therapy sessions since contracting acute lymphatic leukemia was investigated clinically and microbiologically. The findings obtained were as follows: 1) The appearance of gingivitis coincided with the decrease of white blood cells 7 to 9 days after administration of the anti-leukopenic drugs. 2) Gingivitis appeared on the same site of the oral cavity at both remission induction therapies sessions. 3) The bleeding from the gingival lesions corresponded to the decrease of blood platelet at both remission induction therapies sessions. Conversely, gingivitis disappeared with the improvement of peripheral blood conditions. 4) The total number of oral bacteria decreased after administration of the antibiotics, although the ratio of Candida in the oral microbial flora increased markedly. 5) Typical symptoms of oral candidiasis were not observed after the appearance of the microbisme substitute.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1991

[A case report on the achondroplasia and its dental findings].

Achondroplasia is characterized by an undergrowth of arms and legs bones, low height and undergrowth of the Basis cranil. The name of this disease was called Chondrodystrohia foetalis before Parrot reported the name of this disease as Achondroplasia, distinguished from other similar diseases. We are reporting in this paper on an 11-year, 2-month-old girl with Achondroplasia. The dental findings as follows: 1) Open bite was observed for the front teeth. 2) The size, number, form and growth of the teeth were usual. 3) The tongue was a little bigger than usual. 4) According to X-ray cephalometric analysis, undergrowth of the Basis cranii and relative anterior cross-bite were visible.

Achondroplasia↗