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Biomedical subjects

M Shiner

Publications and source records attributed to M Shiner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The recognition of premalignant change in jejunal mucosal biopsies of patients with malabsorption.

The peroral small intestinal biopsies of 5 patients with chronic malabsorption leading to a fatal course were examined retrospectively for the presence of abnormal (? premalignant) cells. Techniques employed for their identification included routine histology, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry (horseradish peroxidase) and electron microscopy. The biopsies of 3 other patients, 2 with known lymphoma and 1 with alpha chain disease were examined for any similarity in the ultrastructural appearances of abnormal cells and their immune cellular behaviour in these 2 groups of patients. Fine structural identification of cells displaying either nuclear or cytoplasmic abnormalities was possible in all 8 patients and varied from easily identifiable cell types, like the plasma cell, lymphocyte or histiocyte to those possessing more than one characteristic feature. The immunological staining techniques did not help in the identification of these abnormal cells. We conclude that careful E.M. examination of the mucosal cellular infiltrate in patients with chronic malabsorption can make a valuable contribution in identifying diffusely abnormal cells, though it may not be possible to determine whether they are of histiocytic or lymphocytic origin.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Lactase degradation by human enteric bacteria.

Twelve non-pathogenic bacteria and two yeast strains isolated from the duodenal aspirate or mucosa of five children with diarrhoea were tested for their ability to degrade non-human lactase in vitro. Both yeast strains and eleven of the bacterial strains significantly reduced lactase activity. A similar action on human lactase could be a cause of lactose intolerance.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Jejunal mucosa in marasmic children. Clinical, pathological, and fine structural evaluation of the effect of protein-energy malnutrition and environmental contamination.

Seven children suffering from marasmus were investigated clinically, biochemically and morphologically. The fine structure of the jejunal mucosa obtained by peroral biopsy was evaluated. The mucosal changes noted agree with the only other ultrastructural study reported by Brunser et al. (8) and add information on three additional features: an increase in theliolymphocytes, excessive epithelial cell extrusion and abnormalities in the appearances of the mucosal plasma cells, suggesting possible local deficiency in immune function.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Histopathologic changes and the immune response within the jejunal mucosa in infants and children.

Jejunal biopsies obtained from 45 children referred for a variety of clinical conditions were examined histologically and by standard immunofluorescence methods. The number of plasma cells was recorded per "mucosal tissue unit". The results showed that most of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) counts in infants under 3 yr with normal mucosa were low and that there was a rise in the number of IgA plasma cells starting after this age. Despite this, under pathologic conditions (partial villous atrophy with increased inflammatory cell infiltration--PVA) a significant rise in IgA plasma cells occurred in all age groups. Patients with coeliac disease tended to show the highest IgA as well as IgM plasma cell counts. In all other patients, IgM counts did not change significantly with age or histologic abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Small-intestinal mucosal antibodies against antigens of non-pathogenic luminal or mucosal bacteria in young children with and without diarrhoea.

Duodenal mucosal antibody against non-pathogenic bacteria, grown either from the luminal juices or the mucosa itself, was demonstrated for the first time in 7 of 8 children with diarrhoea and only 2 of 7 without diarrhoea. Neither group showed significant histological abnormalities on duodenal biopsy. An aetiological relation between the antibody and the persistence of postenteritis diarrhoea is possible.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1977

Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the bowel in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia: study of in vivo and in vitro lymphocyte function.

In vitro and in vivo lymphocyte function was studied in six patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) of the bowel. Lymphocyte transformation, numbers of circulating T and B lymphocytes, and delayed hypersensitivity skin tests did not significantly differ when compared with hypogammaglobulinaemic patients without NLH. However, patients with NLH had higher jejunal juice IgM concentrations and a tendency to higher serum IgM concentrations than those without NLH. The morphological features of NLH are similar to the germinal centres of lymph nodes but more closely resemble the follicle zone of Peyer's patches. These findings suggest that NLH represents a local immune response to antigens originating in the gut lumen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Small-bowel abnormalities in multiple sclerosis.

Jejunal biopsies were performed in 12 randomly chosen patients with multiple sclerosis. The jejunal mucosa was examined histologically, ultrastructurally, and by tissue immune techniques. Histology showed a normal mucosa in 7 patients, increased inflammatory-cell infiltration in 3, a partial villous atrophy in 1, and a subtotal villous atrophy in the remaining patient. Fine structural abnormalities were seen in 6 of 8 patients studied. These included microvillous changes, increase in theliolymphocytes and epithelial lysosomes, thickening of the connective tissue with or without collagen fibres, and numerous macrophages containing large amounts of membrane-bound electron-dense material. The latter was seen in 5 of the 8 mucosae examined.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Intestinal biopsy in the diagnosis of cow's milk protein intolerance without acute symptoms.

4 infants, suspected of cow's milk protein intolerance, were placed on an elimination diet and then challenged with cow's milk. None reacted clinically, yet in 2 of the 4 patients jejunal biopsy revealed clear histological, ultrastructural, and immunological changes. It is suggested that these changes are the objective criteria on which the diagnosis of cow's milk intolerance should be based, and that the clinical evidence derived from milk challenge after an elimination diet may be unreliable.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1975

The small-intestinal mucosa in cow's milk allergy.

Two infants investigated for allergy to cow's milk proteins exhibited a local reaginic reaction in the small intestine after ingesting cow's milk, as shown by increased mucosal IgE plasma-cells and degranulation of mast cells. IgM plasma-cells and the staining of connective tissue and basement membranes with antisera to IgG and C3 complement were also increased, indicating several simultaneous immune reactions in the intestinal mucosa. These findings may provide a sound basis for diagnosis of such an allergy and for the treatment of similar patients with disodium cromoglycate.

Biopsy↗