Muscular weakness in Parkinson's disease.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
M Shindo
Publications and source records attributed to M Shindo.
[Pituitary hyperplasia in primary hypothyroidism].
One case of primary hypothyroidism with hyperplasia of the pituitary gland was reported. This enlargement was decreased after hormone replacement therapy. Pituitary hyperplasia occurs secondarily to primary endocrine gland failure. Reactive enlargement of the pituitary gland must be differentiated from primary pituitary abnormalities in order to avoid unnecessary surgery.
Adolescent↗
Elevated levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum during acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B.
We measured 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum of 14 HBsAg- and HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B with or without acute exacerbation. Elevated levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum were found in seven chronic hepatitis B patients with acute exacerbation, whereas in the remaining seven chronic hepatitis B patients without acute exacerbation, both levels were similar to those of normal subjects despite active hepatitis B virus multiplication. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum, which were not statistically different from those of normal subjects prior to acute exacerbation, increased during acute exacerbation from 3- to 23-fold over initial levels following elevations in ALT activity. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase levels fluctuated over a normal range while ALT levels were elevated, and they returned to a baseline with ALT normalization. This suggests that the in vivo interferon system may be activated during acute exacerbation, and that this activation may not be a result of hepatitis B virus multiplication alone, but also of a host-immune response to hepatitis B virus multiplication. Three patients were treated with interferon during acute exacerbation. All three had elevated levels of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum just before treatment. 2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetase levels increased only 1.1- to 2.2-fold over initial levels during treatment, with none of the patients clearing HBeAg during and after treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
Facilitation of quadriceps motoneurones by group I afferents from pretibial flexors in man. 1. Possible interneuronal pathway.
The neuronal pathway of the facilitation of quadriceps (Q) motoneurones (MNs) evoked by stimulation of the common peroneal nerve (CPN) has been reinvestigated using both the post-stimulus time histogram (PSTH) method for measurement of the firing probability of individual units and the H reflex technique. It has been found that Ia (and to an unknown extent Ib) afferents from pretibial flexors - but not from peroneal muscles - are responsible for this excitation. The central latency of the CPN-induced excitation of Q MNs was estimated to be 3-3.7 ms longer than that of their monosynaptic Ia excitation. To further investigate the neuronal pathway of the CPN-induced excitation the spatial facilitation technique was used, the effects on the Q H reflex of two conditioning stimuli (applied to the CPN and the femoral nerve - FN) being compared when applied separately and together. When the two conditioning volleys were timed to reach the spinal cord simultaneously the facilitation of the H reflex on combined stimulation was larger than the algebraic sum of the effects by separate stimuli in 40% of the cases. It is argued that this additional facilitation reflects summation at a premotoneuronal level and it is concluded that non-monosynaptic Ia excitation of Q MNs from Q and pretibial flexors is, at least partly, mediated through a common pathway. In those individual units in which stimulation of the FN and/or the CPN evoked a non-monosynaptic Ia excitation, this excitation was reduced on combined stimulation of the two nerves. It is argued that this reflects inhibition of the interneurones mediating the excitation, i.e. consists in a disfacilitation of the MNs. It is suggested that the non-monosynaptic (homonymous and heteronymous) Ia excitation of Q MNs in man (and the inhibition of this excitation) is mediated through a system of neurones similar to the system recently described in the cat by Edgley and Jankowska (1987).
Adult↗
Decreased interferon binding capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during interferon treatment of chronic hepatitis B with special reference to (2'-5') oligoadenylate synthetase activity.
The levels of (2'-5') oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5 AS) activity and interferon (IFN) binding capacity were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from 9 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during IFN treatment. Six of the patients received human lymphoblastoid IFN (HLBI) or IFN-beta daily for 4 weeks at doses of 6 million units (MU); of the remaining three, 2 were treated on alternate days at doses of 3 MU for 5 weeks, and the other given daily IFN doses of 3 MU for 4 weeks. IFN binding was measured using HLBI (2 X 10(8) IU/mg protein) and completely purified 125I-labeled HLBI (290 Ci/mmol specific activity). The levels of 2-5 AS activity in PBMC were measured using radioimmunoassay. Before IFN treatment, the levels of IFN binding capacity were similar to those of normal subjects. During treatment, however, IFN binding capacity decreased significantly from 40 to 60% of initial levels 1 to 2 weeks after the start of treatment in the 7 patients receiving daily IFN, while in the remaining 2 patients given IFN on alternate days, IFN binding capacity did not decrease during treatment. On the other hand, 2-5 AS activity in PBMC increased during IFN treatment in all patients. Even after IFN binding capacity decreased in the 7 patients, the levels of 2-5 AS activity remained high during the remainder of treatment. These finding suggest that some mechanism other than IFN binding capacity may be responsible for the determination of 2-5 AS levels.
2',5'-Oligoadenylate Synthetase↗
Two different types of antimitochondrial antibodies (anti-M2 and anti-M4) may not differentiate primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) with prominent piecemeal necrosis from classical PBC.
Clinical and morphological features in 13 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) who had two different types of antimitochondrial antibodies (PBC-specific, anti-M2 and mixed-form, anti-M4) in serum tested, were studied. Patients were allocated to two groups purely on the basis of the presence or absence of prominent piecemeal necrosis (PN) to elucidate the clinical significance of PN for differentiating mixed forms of chronic active hepatitis and PBC from classical PBC. Histological staging showed 10 stage I and 3 stage II. All cases had histological features of chronic non-suppurative destructive cholangitis. Prominent PN was encountered in 8 and bridging hepatic necrosis in 6. Granulomas were present in all cases without PN, but only in 3 of 8 cases with PN. Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) was positive in all cases and anti-M2 was also positive in all but one. On the contrary, anti-M4 was positive in 2. Both anti-M2 and anti-M4 were simultaneously positive in 2, of which PN was present in only one. Therefore, anti-M4 did not relate to the presence or morphological severity of PN in PBC. Simultaneous increases in IgG and IgM were prominent features in PBC with PN.
Acute Disease↗
Mild exercise therapy increases serum high density lipoprotein2 cholesterol levels in patients with essential hypertension.
In ten patients with essential hypertension who were on a prescribed regimen of supervised mild exercise, we examined serum lipids, HDL cholesterol subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3), and apolipoproteins. The findings were compared with data on age- and sex-matched hypertensives not on this regimen of exercise. Blood samples were obtained from the auricle during the multistage exercise test, and changes in levels of lactate were measured. The exercise was done for 30 minutes three times weekly for 10 weeks. A significant reduction of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was evident at 10 weeks. Serum concentrations of HDL2 cholesterol increased significantly at 10 weeks, but there were no changes in total and HDL3 cholesterol. No significant changes were observed in serum concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoproteins, (apo) A-I, apo A-II, apo B, apo C-II, apo C-III and apo E following 10 weeks of exercise therapy. In the hypertensive controls who were not on exercise therapy, blood pressure as well as all parameters related to lipoproteins remained unchanged. Thus, mild exercise lowers blood pressure and improves the lipoprotein profile.
Adult↗
[A case of Wilson's disease who developed status epilepticus during D-penicillamine therapy].
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Adolescent↗
Changes in serum concentrations of taurine and other amino acids in clinical antihypertensive exercise therapy.
Thirty-one Japanese with essential hypertension were divided into training (n = 21) and non-training (n = 10) groups. Physical training of 10 weeks was instituted after 4 or more weeks of observation, and changes in blood pressure and serum concentrations of taurine and other amino acids were investigated. The workload in physical training was predetermined by the submaximal multistage graded exercise test on a bicycle ergometer, and the blood lactate threshold which reflects approximately 40-60% of maximal oxygen uptake was chosen. The hypertensive patients underwent bicycle ergometer training for 60 minutes, three times a week for 10 weeks. Blood pressures were significantly decreased by 14.8/6.6 mmHg in systole/diastole in the training group, but not in the non-training group. Serum concentrations of taurine and cystine were increased significantly by 26% and 287%, in the training group. Increase in serum asparagine (11%), histidine (6%) and lysine (7%) concentrations was also significant, only in the training group. Plasma norepinephrine level and whole blood and plasma volumes were significantly reduced. The change in serum taurine level was significantly negatively correlated with the change in plasma norepinephrine. In addition there was a significant positive correlation between the change in plasma norepinephrine and the change in diastolic blood pressure in the training group. Based on these results, the increase in serum taurine which is known for its antihypertensive activity could contribute, at least in part through the reduction in plasma norepinephrine level, to the antihypertensive effect of exercise.
Adult↗
[Changes in intrahepatic localization of hepatitis B core antigen and histological activity in chronic active hepatitis B before and after interferon treatment].
The intrahepatic distribution of HBcAg and evaluation of the histological outcome using a numerical scoring system of Histological Activity Index (HAI) by Knodell et al, were studied in paired liver biopsy specimens from 14 HBeAg-positive patients with chronic active hepatitis B before and after interferon (IFN) treatment. Intrahepatic HBcAg was detected by immunoperoxidase technique and the pattern of HBcAg expression were present in the hepatocyte nucleus (nHBcAg) or cytoplasm (cHBcAg) or in both. Before treatment, intrahepatic HBcAg was distributed both in the nucleus and cytoplasm without significant differences. After treatment, nHBcAg expression however, decreased significantly (p less than 0.001), while cHBcAg remained unchanged or rather increased. These changes of nHBcAg and cHBcAg before and after IFN treatment were observed irrespective of disappearance or presence of DNA-P and/or HBeAg in serum after IFN treatment. The HIA scores decreased significantly (0.05 less than P less than 0.001) after treatment. These findings above suggest that the intrahepatic HBcAg may shift from nucleus to cytoplasm in chronic active hepatitis B during IFN treatment.
Adult↗
[Clinical and histological features of acute post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis: histological diagnosis in acute stage and clinical outcome].
We have retrospectively studied the clinical and histological features of 55 cases of acute post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. Histological findings in the liver biopsies taken in the acute stage covered the whole spectrum of acute and chronic hepatitis, the incidence of acute hepatitis or non-specific reactive hepatitis was 12.7% and 16/4%, respectively, while that of chronic active hepatitis was 56.4%. There was no correlation between histological features in acute stage and the mean peak levels in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Post-transfusion hepatitis, non-A, non-B with histological signs of chronic hepatitis in acute stage frequently results in biochemical evidence of chronic liver disease during long-term follow-up periods. Therefore, our results suggest that the histological features of chronic hepatitis in the acute stage are indicative of long-term elevation in serum ALT level.
Acute Disease↗
[Angiographic features of malignant fibrous histiocytomas].
The angiographic findings in eight cases with malignant fibrous histiocytomas are described. These lesions were well demarcated and demonstrated fine tumor vessels, homogenous stains with avascular areas presenting central necrosis. But these angiographic findings could not differentiate MFH from synovial sarcoma and fibrosarcoma.
Adult↗
[Syrinx-like artifact on MR images of the spinal cord].
We evaluated the syrinx like artifact on midline sagittal MR images of cervical spine. This artifact appeared as linear regions of low intensity along the length of the spinal cord. This artifact was frequently seen. And, when it appear as a single midline band, it mimics pathological conditions such as a syrinx. We found that this artifact eliminated by increasing the number of phase encoding steps, or decreasing the field of view. These method were useful for differentiation of artifact from syrinx.
Cervical Vertebrae↗
Elevated levels of HDL2-cholesterol and apo A-I in national class Japanese male marathon runners.
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Adult↗
What types of hypertensives respond better to mild exercise therapy?
Twenty-one patients with essential hypertension were treated with aerobic (lactate threshold) exercise (n = 21) and the change in blood pressure was compared with that in a non-exercising hypertensive control group (n = 10). After 10 weeks of exercise therapy blood pressure in the exercise group was significantly reduced, from 154 +/- 3/100 +/- 2 to 141 +/- 3/93 +/- 3 mmHg, and there was a significant reduction in plasma volume, cardiac index and plasma noradrenaline whereas there were no changes in the non-exercise group. Responders (10 mmHg or more fall in mean blood pressure) in the exercise group had a significantly higher cardiac index, serum Na:K ratio and lower total peripheral resistance in pretraining studies than non-responders. In conclusion, exercise at lactate threshold is effective in lowering blood pressure in those mild hypertensives with higher cardiac index and serum Na:K ratio.
Adult↗
Exercise training augments cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of forearm vascular resistance in middle-aged subjects.
Nine subjects (average age 56 +/- 7 years old) underwent sitting cycle ergometer exercise for four months. Exercise capacity and maximal VO2 increased after exercise training in these subjects. Forearm vascular responses to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at -10 and -40 mmHg were compared before and after exercise training. The magnitude of reflex forearm vasoconstriction in response to LBNP at -10 mmHg was greater after exercise training than before. The decreases in central venous pressure during LBNP at -10 mmHg were similar before and after exercise training. The pressor and forearm vasoconstrictive responses to the cold pressor test also did not differ before and after exercise training. These results suggest that mild exercise training in middle-aged subjects augments the tonic inhibitory influence of the cardiopulmonary receptors on forearm vascular resistance.
Adult↗
Effect of mild aerobic exercise on lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with essential hypertension.
The effects of supervised mild aerobic exercise at the work load of the blood lactate threshold for 10 weeks on serum lipids and apolipoproteins were studied in 24 patients with essential hypertension. Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and increased maximal oxygen uptake were observed in both men and women. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased significantly following mild aerobic exercise in women. Apolipoprotein A-II was significantly elevated at the 4th week in women. No significant differences in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I, C-II, C-III, B and E were observed in either men or women following an exercise program. These data demonstrate the different effect of mild aerobic exercise therapy on high density lipoprotein in hypertensive men and women.
Adult↗
Effect of nifedipine, dilazep, dinitrates and propranolol on blood lactate accumulation during intensive graded exercise testing in healthy young subjects.
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of 4 different cardiovascular drugs on blood lactate levels during an intensive graded exercise test in 17 healthy male subjects. In acute studies, isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine were used. In chronic studies, propranolol dihydrochloride and dilazep dihydrochloride were used. Oxygen uptake (VO2), heart rate, blood pressure and blood lactate were measured at rest and during the final minute of each exercise session. Hemodynamic measurements during submaximum exercise were influenced by all drugs except isosorbide dinitrate. VO2 during submaximum and maximum exercises remained unchanged by all drug treatments. Blood lactate levels at rest and during submaximum and maximum exercise also did not change significantly. Work load corresponding to blood lactate concentration of 4 mM (W4 mM) and the 1st and 2nd break points of lactic acid (WBPLA1 and WBPLA2) were almost the same in all treatments. It is concluded that the 3 criteria of blood lactate obtained during the graded exercise test are not affected by these drugs in healthy males.
Adult↗