Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Shimizu

Publications and source records attributed to M Shimizu.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effects of aging on bone mineral content and bone biomarkers in female cynomolgus monkeys.

Age-related changes in bone mineral content and bone biomarkers were assessed over the complete lifespan of female cynomolgus monkeys. The bone mass of the lumbar spine increased linearly from birth to about 2.5 years of age, and this increase gradually slowed thereafter until a peak bone mass was achieved at 9 years of age. The bone mass stabilized after 9 years of age, showing no sign of further reduction with age. In contrast with the significant increase in bone mass before 2.5 years of age, significant decreases occurred in the serum concentrations of the following bone formation markers: intact osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, but the serum concentration of carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen did not change significantly throughout the entire lifespan. Concerning the bone resorption markers, the levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase fluctuated throughout the entire lifespan. The skeleton of an aging female monkey undergoes changes similar to those observed in senescent humans, but did not undergo the menopausal changes seen in women. The use of female cynomolgus monkeys to model human skeletal interventions should therefore be undertaken with consideration of the similarities and differences between cynomolgus monkeys and humans.

Aging↗
PubMed2000

Aneuploidy of sex chromosomes in basal cell carcinoma: its clonality and involvement in the development of carcinogenesis.

Although basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a major skin cancer, the mechanism of carcinogenesis with regard to cytogenetic abnormalities has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we carried out cytogenetic analyses of 18 patients (9 male and 9 female) with BCC. Aneuploidy was seen by Q-banding method in more than half of the cases and was mostly loss of the sex chromosome. We also performed FISH to the interphase nuclei of various tissues and short-term cultured BCC cells. The frequency of sex chromosomal aneuploidy was significantly higher in all samples from BCC patients (peripheral blood lymphocytes, non-lesional tissues, BCC tumor tissues and cultured BCC cells) than in age-matched normal controls. In addition, we analyzed clonality of BCC tissues using a human androgen receptor gene assay and found uniparental pattern of inactive X-chromosomes. This indicates that BCC cells were monoclonal in origin and the development of BCC might be correlated with sex chromosomal aneuploidy, which acquired accumulation of genetic mutations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cyclin E expression, a potential prognostic marker for non-small cell lung cancers.

Cyclin E is a G1 cyclin that has been shown to be one of the key regulators of the G1-S transition and could consequently be a deregulated molecule in tumors. In the present study, we have characterized cyclin E expression by immunohistochemistry in 217 resected non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) and found large variations in cyclin E expression among tumors. High-level cyclin E expression (a cyclin E-labeling index > or =30%), observed in 115 (53%) of 217 NSCLCs, was more frequently found in tumors from smokers than from nonsmokers (P = 0.001), in squamous cell carcinomas than in nonsquamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.0002), and in pT2-4 tumors than in pT1 tumors (P = 0.04) by the chi2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the correlation between cyclin E expression and various characteristics showed a significant association of high-level cyclin E expression with squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.005). Patients with tumors having high-level cyclin E expression survived a significantly shorter time than patients with tumors having low-level expression, both among the 151 patients with potentially curatively resected NSCLCs (5-year survival rates, 48 and 63%, respectively; P = 0.03) and the 103 patients with p stage I NSCLCs (5-year survival rates, 57 and 81%, respectively; P = 0.007). High-level cyclin E expression was also a significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor in both patients with potentially curatively resected NSCLCs (P = 0.01) and in those with p stage I NSCLCs (P = 0.03) by Cox's proportional hazards model analysis. These findings indicate that cyclin E may play a pivotal role for the biological behavior of NSCLCs, and that a high level of cyclin E expression may be a new prognostic marker for NSCLCs.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[Epileptogenesis of acute encephalitis and acute encephalopathy: epilepsy with its onset in the acute phase and without a latent period].

Epileptogenesis was evaluated in 60 patients with acute encephalitis and in 10 patients with acute encephalopathy. Forty-seven patients have been seizure-free during for more than three years' follow-up (Group III). On the other hand, 23 patients developed epilepsy. Among them, 18 patients developed epilepsy after a latent period of 1 month to 2 3/12 years (Group I). In Group I, a younger age of the onset, a long period of disturbed consciousness and a high activity of CSF neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was associated with refractory epilepsy. The other five patients had continuous seizures from the acute phase of encephalitis without a latent period (Group II). They had more than 2 types of partial motor seizures which occurred frequently during the acute phase of encephalitis. The NSE activity in the CSF of patients in Group II was less than 50 ng/ml, being similar to those in Group III. The epilepsy in Group II, however, was the most refractory. The reason for the development of this continuous refractory epilepsy remained obscure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2000

[Clinical evaluation in oral lichen planus with chronic hepatitis C: the role of interferon treatment].

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces a variety of extrahepatic manifestations such as oral lichen planus (OLP). To clarify the role of HCV in the development of OLP, we investigated the occurrence of OLP in patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with interferon (IFN). Of 275 patients with chronic hepatitis C, 6 developed OLP during the IFN treatment. However, OLP developed in none of 230 patients with chronic hepatitis C who did not undergo the IFN therapy. The IFN treatment in chronic hepatitis C patients developed OLP significantly, as compared with the non-treated group (p < 0.05). 4 of 6 patients who developed OLP during the IFN treatment had a complete response with normalization of ALT levels and undetectable HCV RNA after the treatment. There were no significant correlations between the effect of the IFN treatment and outcome of OLP. Furthermore, 3 of the 6 patients developed OLP, when serum HCV RNA became negative. These results suggest that direct viral factors may not be important in the pathogenesis of OLP in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Immunological changes caused by IFN may play a role in the development of OLP associated with HCV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Sarcoidosis with primary acute cavitation exacerbated by bronchial asthma].

A 22-year-old woman complaining of blurred vision visited our hospital in March 1995 and was given a diagnosis of uveitis. Chest X-ray and computed tomographic (CT) films demonstrated bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL), diffuse granular shadows in both lung fields, and a cavity with a thin, smooth wall in the right upper lung field. Because histopathologic findings from transbronchial lung biopsy specimens of the lung and cavity tissues disclosed sarcoid granuloma, the diagnosis was sarcoidosis with primary cavitation, which is very rare for this disease. Although BHL disappeared without medication, in November the patient experienced dyspnea due to attacks of bronchial asthma that had been in remission for a long period. Treatment with inhalation of becromethazone propionate markedly alleviated her symptoms. In May 1998, follow-up chest CT films demonstrated that the cavity had disappeared. This case suggested that sarcoidosis leads to a deterioration of asthma control, a conclusion supported by previous reports.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Diffuse left ventricular hypokinesis mimicking dilated cardiomyopathy with multi-vessel coronary vasospasm].

We investigated 7 patients with multi-vessel coronary vasospasm (> or = 75%) and diffuse left ventricular hypokinesis by coronary angiography and echocardiography. Four patients were male and 3 were female and mean +/- SD age was 63.0 +/- 11.2 years. Chief complaints were dyspnea in 3 patients, and chest pain, appetite loss, palpitation and general fatigue in one each. New York Heart Association functional classification was I in one patient, II in 5 and III in one. Mean heart rate was 73.9 +/- 11.6 beats/min. Initial echocardiography showed left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd) 54.4 +/- 5.5 mm, left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVDs) 43.7 +/- 4.8 mm and percentage fractional shortening (%FS) 19.7 +/- 2.6%. The left ventricle was not remarkably enlarged despite poor contraction. Coronary vasospasm was induced after acetylcholine injection into the right coronary artery in 6 patients, left anterior descending artery in 7 and circumflex artery in 5. Four patients developed three-vessel coronary vasospasm. Three patients underwent endomyocardial biopsy which showed non-specific mild fibrosis. They were treated with nitrates and/or Ca-antagonists to prevent coronary vasospasm. Follow-up echocardiography was performed in 6 patients after 8.5 +/- 6.6 months. Echocardiography revealed marked improvement in left ventricular contraction (LVDd 49.7 +/- 4.6 mm, LVDs 35.8 +/- 4.4 mm, p < 0.05; %FS 27.9 +/- 4.5%, p < 0.05). These data suggested that left ventricular dilation was not prominent despite the poor contractility in patients with multi-vessel coronary vasospasm and diffuse left ventricular hypokinesis. The left ventricular dysfunction might be hibernating myocardium produced by multiple episodes of coronary vasospasm. Anti-vasospastic agents were effective in these patients.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2000

Role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early cervical cancer.

The aim of this study was to prospectively determine if invasive carcinoma of the cervix can be ruled out by negative magnetic resonance image (MRI) findings. Eligible patients were those who were scheduled to undergo either hysterectomy or conization because of invasive or non-invasive lesions of the cervix. T2-weighted and T1-dynamic enhancement images were reviewed by two radiologists who had no information on these patients except for the preoperative diagnosis. Clinical information regarding location of the disease was not given. At least 12 longitudinal sections prepared from the surgically removed cervix were reviewed by a pathologist who was not provided with MRI information. The correlation between MRI and histological findings was analyzed in terms of depth of invasion. Seventy cases were entered and 66 were evaluable. Sensitivities of T2 and dynamic MRI for invasive and non-invasive disease by radiologist 1 were 0.8824 and 0.8235, respectively, and those by radiologist 2 were 0.6296 and 0.7647, respectively. Specificities were 0.8776 and 0.8571, respectively, for radiologist 1 and 0.8974 and 0.8367, respectively, for radiologist 2. When sensitivities and specificities were calculated for prediction of non-invasive plus microinvasive lesions < or = 5 mm vs. invasive lesions > 5 mm, specificities of T2 and dynamic MRI became 1.0000 for both radiologists. Negative findings on T2 and/or dynamic MRI indicated non-invasive or early invasive cervical diseases < or = 5 mm. The dynamic technique provided only limited additional value in the detection of early invasive cervical carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Simplification for measuring input function of FDG PET: investigation of 1-point blood sampling method.

UNLABELLED: The current method for quantitative FDG PET study requires application of multiple arterial blood sampling for measuring the input function, but the procedure is invasive and complicated. The purpose of this study was to establish a 1-point blood sampling technique that gives data comparable with the data of more elaborate serial arterial sampling. METHODS: We established a time point for 1-point arterial sampling that exhibited the highest correlation between plasma radioactivity at the time point and the real integrated value (IV) of the measured input function obtained by multiple arterial sampling in 120 patients and the smallest coefficient of variation of the real IV divided by plasma radioactivity at the time point in 120 patients. Scaling factors for estimation at each sampling point were determined, and a reference table was established to make the supposed input function. RESULTS: The optimal time for 1-point arterial sampling was 12 min after FDG injection. A good correlation was observed between the real IVs and those estimated from 1-point arterial blood sampling at 12 min using the supposed input function (n = 120; P < 0.001). The time point at which the difference between values of arterial and venous blood disappeared was 40 min after FDG injection. The percentage errors of IV estimation by 1-point sampling were 1.70% (n = 120) for arterial blood at 12 min and 3.64% (n = 10) for venous blood at 40 min. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the simplified 1-point sample method works in a manner that is comparable with serial arterial sampling and should be useful for clinical PET.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effectiveness of prostaglandin E1 on pulmonary hypertension and right cardiac function induced by single-lung ventilation and hypoventilation.

It is known that prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is a potent vasodilator and improves red cell deformability. Single lung-ventilation sometimes occurs under lung transplantation, lung cancer surgery and traumatic pneumonectomy, and may result in increased pulmonary resistance, right heart failure and severe hypoxemia. The present experimental study was undertaken to examine the effects of PGE1 on these states induced by single-lung ventilation and hypoventilation. Fourteen pigs weighing 32-33 kg were anesthetized, intubated and ventilated using a respirator and then randomly assigned to two groups, the control group and the PGE1 treated group, 7 pigs each. After median sternotomy to induce severe hypoxemia hypoventilation was induced and then the right hilus pulmonis was cross clamped. Mean blood pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), pulmonary vessel resistance (PVR), right ventricular stroke work (RVSW) and arterial blood gases (PaO2 and SatO2) were measured at baseline, in the hypoventilation state, and 15 min, 1 hour, and 2 hours after the right hilus pulmonis clamping with hypoventilation. PGE1 (250 microg/20 ml saline) was administered via the central vein starting 15 min after right hilus cross clamping for 1 hour and 45 min in the PGE1 group. PGE1 significantly reduced PAP and PVR, normalized RVSW, and improved PaO2. PGE1 may be useful for the condition of increased pulmonary hypertension during single-lung ventilation and hypoventilation.

Alprostadil↗
PubMed2000

Prognostic significance of p27KIP1 protein and ki-67 growth fraction in non-small cell lung cancers.

We immunohistochemically examined specimens of 215 surgically resected non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) for p27KIP1 protein (p27) expression and the growth fraction determined by the Ki-67 labeling index (LI). The NSCLCs analyzed showed considerable heterogeneity in both p27 and Ki-67 LIs; 25 of 207 (13%) lacked p27 expression (p27 LI < 5%), and 116 of 215 (54%) showed a high Ki-67 LI (>30%). The p27 LI was not significantly associated with the Ki-67 LI. A chi2 test showed that loss of p27 expression was inversely correlated with smoking (P = 0.01) and that a high Ki-67 LI was significantly associated with male gender, squamous cell carcinoma histology, and smoking (P < 0.0001 each). Prognostic values of p27 and Ki-67 expression were evaluated in 109 tumors of postsurgical pathological stages I and II. Patients with tumors lacking p27 expression survived for a significantly shorter time than patients with tumors expressing p27 (5-year survival rates, 38% and 68%, respectively; P = 0.02). Patients with tumors having a high Ki-67 LI survived for a significantly shorter time than patients with tumors having a low Ki-67 LI (5-year survival rates, 48% and 78%, respectively; P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that loss of p27 expression tended to be an unfavorable prognostic factor (P = 0.054), whereas a high Ki-67 LI was a significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor (P = 0.004). When analyzed by cell types, loss of p27 expression was a significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.01), whereas a high Ki-67 LI was a significant and independent unfavorable prognostic factor in nonsquamous cell carcinomas (P = 0.007). We further evaluated the importance of p27 expression in clinical outcome in combination with the Ki-67 LI and ras p21 protein (ras) expression, which we previously reported as an important prognostic factor in NSCLCs. Patients with tumors lacking p27 expression and having a high Ki-67 LI survived for a significantly shorter time than those with tumors expressing p27 and having a high Ki-67 LI (5-year survival rates, 17% and 52%, respectively; P = 0.003). Patients with p27-negative and ras-positive tumors survived for a significantly shorter time than those with both p27- and ras-positive tumors (5-year survival rates, 0% and 38%, respectively; P < 0.0001). These results indicate the pivotal roles of p27 and Ki-67 expression in the clinical outcome of NSCLCs.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[An autopsy case of systemic sclerosis with small cell carcinoma of the lung].

We report an autopsy of a 69-year-old woman who had systemic sclerosis with small cell carcinoma of the lung. She had interstitial pneumonia associated with systemic sclerosis and was admitted to our hospital because of acute on chronic respiratory failure due to a respiratory tract infection. Although she was treated with antibiotics, artificial respiration, and so on, she died 54 days after admission of exacerbation of respiratory failure. Histopathological examination at autopsy revealed intermediate cell type small cell carcinoma of the lung and usual interstitial pneumonia. It is generally said that the most common type of lung cancer associated with systemic sclerosis is adenocarcinoma or alveolar cell carcinoma, and that small cell carcinoma is rare. No autopsy case of systemic sclerosis with small cell carcinoma of the lung has ever been reported in Japan. Small cell carcinoma of the lung is more responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy than other histological types of lung cancer. Patients with small cell lung cancer are generally treated with chemotherapy alone or a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. It is important to remember that the lung cancers that may be complicated with systemic sclerosis include not only adenocarcinoma and alveolar cell carcinoma but also small cell carcinoma of the lung, because the histological type may dictate the treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

[A case of high-age minimal change nephrotic syndrome relapse after 18-year remission and effective treatment with steroid and cyclosporin combined therapy].

We describe the clinical course of a 69-year-old woman, who suffered from minimal change nephrotic syndrome(MCNS) after long-term remission. In 1979, she was admitted to Kanazawa University Hospital due to MCNS verified by renal biopsy and was treated with oral prednisolone(initially 40 mg/day) for two years. She suffered from edema again in 1999 with massive proteinuria. Renal biopsy revealed minor glomerular abnormality without any deposition of immunoglobulins or complements. Electron microscopic findings showed extensive foot process effacement. Therefore, we diagnosed this case as a recurrence of MCNS. She was treated with the combination of methylprednisolone pulse therapy(500 mg, 3 days), oral prednisolone(20 mg/day) and cyclosporin(CyA, 3 mg/kg/day), which could induce earlier complete remission. These results suggest that recurrence after long-term remission could occur in adult-onset MCNS and that the combination therapy of prednisolone and CyA may be effective for the induction of early remission in MCNS.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Fibromatoses of multicentric origin: a case report.

We experienced a very rare case with fibromatoses of multicentric origin. One of the 2 intraabdominal fibromatoses showed a extremely rapid growing and another fibromatosis arising from the abdominal wall showed an invasive behavior. All lesions were diagnosed and resected simultaneously. This patient has been followed for 2 years postoperatively and no recurrent lesion has been detected so far.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗