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Biomedical subjects

M Shimada

Publications and source records attributed to M Shimada.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Effect of intravenous infusion of an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent on the haemodynamic changes in human masseter muscle induced by cold pressor stimulation.

This study evaluated the effect of intravenous infusion of a non-selective alpha-adrenergic blocking agent on masseter muscle haemodynamics induced by 4 degrees C cold pressor stimulation (CPS) of the right foot and ankle, which reportedly evokes a rapidly increasing sympathetic nerve activity in human skeletal muscle. Nine healthy non-smoking males (mean age 23.7+/-2.1 year) with no history of chronic muscle pain or migraine participated. The haemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the right masseter was continuously recorded by non-invasive, near-infrared spectroscopy. Heart rate and blood pressure were also recorded. The experiment involved the following sequence: (1) a placebo (physiological saline) with a CPS trial; (2) a 30-sec maximal voluntary clenching (MVC)-only trial; and (3) an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent with a CPS trial. The saline and drug trials each involved continuous recording for 1 min before, 2 min during and 5 min after the CPS. Physiological saline (20 ml) or phentolamine mesylate (20 ml) were infused at the rate of 2 ml/min. This infusion was begun 15 min before baseline recording and participants were not aware which solution (saline or phentolamine) was being infused. For the MVC trial, each participant performed a 30-sec MVC of his jaw-closing muscles followed by a 15-min rest between each trial. The individual Hb data were adjusted so that the baseline at the beginning of the experiment was equal to zero and all data were normalized as a percentage of the individual's highest absolute Hb change seen after the MVC. The mean baseline Hb concentrations 1 min before CPS were significantly higher in the alpha-blocker trial (83.6%) than in the placebo saline trial (P < 0.001). The change in mean Hb concentration from baseline during CPS in the alpha-blocker trial was significantly less than in the placebo trial (P = 0.006). Mean heart rate before CPS was also significantly higher in the alpha-blocker trial (85.2 beats/min) than in the placebo trial (69.6 beats/min) (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures between the placebo and alpha-blocker trials in any time period. The results suggest that non-selective alpha-adrenoceptor blockade increases the blood volume in the masseter muscle. This change might be due to a combination of peripheral vasodilation and an increase in cardiac output.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1999

Effect of intravenous infusion of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent on the haemodynamic changes in human masseter muscle induced by cold-pressor stimulation.

Eight healthy non-smoking males (mean age: 24.1 +/- 1.1 years) without any history of chronic muscle pain and migraine participated in this study. Haemoglobin (Hb) and oxygen (O2) saturation in the right masseter muscle were continuously recorded with a non-invasive near-infrared spectroscopic device. Heart rate and blood pressure were also recorded. The experiment had three phases: a placebo drug (physiological saline) with cold-pressor trial, a 30-sec maximal voluntary clenching (MVC) trial, and a propranolol with cold-pressor trial. The saline and drug trials each involved continuous recording for 1 min before, 2 min during and 5 min after the cold-pressor stimulation (4 degrees C). Physiological saline (20 ml) or propranolol hydrochloride (20 ml) were infused at the rate of 2 ml/min. This infusion was begun 20 min before the baseline recording and participants did not know which solution (saline or propranolol) was being infused. For the MVC trial, each participant was asked to perform a 30-sec clench of their jaw-closing muscles. There was a rest period of 15 min between each trial. The individual Hb and O2 data were normalized so that the baseline at the beginning of the experiment was equal to zero, and the Hb and O2 data were normalized as a percentage of the individual's own highest absolute Hb and O2 after and during the MVC, respectively. The results showed that the mean baseline Hb 1 min before cold-pressor stimulation was significantly lower in the beta-blocker trial than in the placebo trial (p = 0.035). The mean change in Hb from baseline during cold-pressor stimulation in the beta-blocker trial was also significantly less than in the placebo trial (p = 0.035). The mean Hb rebound change after the cold-pressor stimulation in the beta-blocker trial was significantly higher than in the placebo trial, and no significant heart-rate differences were observed in the period after cold-pressor stimulation. Overall, the mean heart rate before and during that stimulation was significantly lower in the beta-blocker trial than the placebo trial (p < 0.001). There was no significant mean blood-pressure difference between placebo and beta-blocker trials at any time. These results suggest that beta-adrenoceptor blocking decreases the blood volume in the resting masseter, suppresses the incremental blood-volume change during cold-pressor stimulation, and discloses a hidden vasoconstrictive effect after that stimulation.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1999

Distribution of AP-2 subtypes in the adult mouse brain.

In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), transcription factor activator protein 2 (AP-2) is one of the critical regulatory factors for neural gene expression and neural development. As AP-2 has diverged into several subtypes, i.e. AP-2alpha, -2beta, and 2.2, we investigated the distribution of the AP-2 subtypes in the adult mouse brain by in situ hybridization using subtype-specific probes. Though AP-2 was essentially expressed in most regions of the brain, the hippocampus and cerebellum Purkinje cells exhibited a relatively high concentration of transcripts of any of the AP-2 subtypes. Among AP-2alpha variants, the expression of variant 1 was considerably lower than that of variant 3. Hence, the expression pattern of AP-2alpha variant 3 is suggested to represent the major gene expression of AP-2alpha. On the other hand, the expression of AP-2beta messenger RNA (mRNA) was higher than that of AP-2alpha in many regions. Especially, the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex contained an abundance of these mRNAs. Different from those of AP-2alpha, AP-2beta mRNAs were detected in considerable amounts in the glanular cells as well as in Purkinje cells. AP-2.2 gene expression was weak throughout the brain. Consequently, we found that various AP-2 subtypes and variants were expressed in a similar distribution pattern with each having its own specific intensity but that their precise distribution profiles were not exactly the same. In the mature brain, AP-2 is thought to regulate neural gene expression through specific and redundant association with a target gene.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Integrin alpha6beta1 plays a significant role in the attachment of hepatoma cells to laminin.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Tumor invasion and metastasis consist of a series of complex events. During this process, the ability of tumor cells to adhere to laminin, a major component of basement membranes, is required at various steps. The expression of laminin-binding integrins and the extent of tumor metastasis and progression appear to be related. In hepatocellular carcinoma, increased expression of laminin-binding integrins is observed. However, little is known concerning the possible functional interactions between laminin-binding integrins and laminin. Therefore, we investigated the participation of laminin-binding integrins in the attachment of hepatoma cells to laminin. METHODS: Human hepatoma cell lines (KIM-1, KYN-1, 2) were used. We investigated the expression of integrin alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha6, beta1, and beta4 subunits on hepatoma cells by immunocytochemical and flow cytometric analysis. Participation of these integrin subunits in the attachment of hepatoma cells to laminin was evaluated by an inhibition of cell adhesion assay. RESULTS: Integrin alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha6 and beta1 subunits were expressed at the marginal areas of hepatoma cells, while the integrin beta4 subunit was scarcely detected. Laminin promoted the attachment of hepatoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. Although anti-integrin alpha1, alpha2, beta3 and beta4 subunit antibodies did not inhibit cell attachment to laminin, anti-integrin alpha6 and beta1 subunit antibodies inhibited the attachment by 50% or more. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that integrin alpha6beta1 is very important in the attachment of hepatoma cells to laminin, suggesting the participation of this integrin in metastasis and invasion of hepatoma cells.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed1999

Two modes of corticospinal reinnervation occur close to spinal targets following unilateral lesion of the motor cortex in neonatal hamsters.

Although it has been shown that unilateral neonatal cortical ablation induces bilateral corticospinal projections, the explanation for the pathways responsible for this bilateral innervation remains controversial. We hypothesized that such reinnervation may be supplied from newly formed fibers sprouting at the level rostral to, or at, or caudal to the pyramidal decussation. In order to test our hypothesis, we examined the brain and spinal cord of young hamsters which had a unilateral ablation of the right motor cortex at six days postnatally, and then received an injection of an anterograde neuronal lectin tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin, into the hindlimb area of the left motor cortex at 21 days postnatally. For the identification of motoneurons in the lumbar spinal cord, some of these animals also received an injection of cholera toxin subunit B, a retrograde tracer, into the gastrocnemius muscle. A quantitative analysis in the left gray matter of the lumbar spinal cord indicated that the lectin labeling was two to eight times higher in cortically ablated animals than in intact animals. Immunohistochemical detection of the lectin revealed that innervation of the left spinal cord occurred close to targets at lower levels in the spinal cord. Two modes of reinnervation (types I and II) by the intact corticospinal tract were recognized. The type I fibers consisted of recrossing axon collaterals sprouted from the intact dorsal funiculus near their targets, while the type II fibers were recrossing parent axons which entered the intact, right gray matter several levels rostral to their targets, and then changed direction toward the targets. The recrossing at lower spinal levels yielded a large number of ipsilaterally labeled axons and their terminals in the gray matter of the denervated lumbar cord, with a distribution pattern similar to that seen on the intact side. The present results indicate that such ipsilateral innervation may play an important role in the sparing and recovery of function following neonatal hemicortical injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Expression of platelet-derived growth factor B-chain and beta-receptor in hypoxic/ischemic encephalopathy of neonatal rats.

Expression of platelet-derived growth factor B-chain and of its specific receptor (beta-receptor) was investigated in immature brains with hypoxic/ischemic injury. After the left common carotid arteries of seven-day-old rats were ligated and pups were placed in a hypoxic chamber, the protein and messenger RNA of both B-chain and beta-receptor were assessed using immunocytochemistry and northern analysis, respectively. Transcripts for B-chain were localized by in situ hybridization. Faint but definite expression of B-chain and beta-receptor was seen in the brains of untreated neonatal controls. Three to 48 h after hypoxia B-chain protein was generally increased above control levels, but focally decreased expression was seen in infarcted areas. Enhanced induction of messenger RNA of B-chain was seen in the both sides of cerebral cortices and hippocampi at 3 h. Strongly increased positivity for B-chain protein and mRNA occurred in the neurons surrounding the infarct. In situ hybridization still showed this up-regulation seven days after hypoxia. Beta-receptor protein expression was enhanced in some neurons immediately surrounding the infarct at 3 h of hypoxia, and marked up-regulation was seen at 16 h. Beta-receptor messenger RNA remained at control levels. Immunocytochemistry showed strong immunoreactivity for the beta-receptor on the neurons surrounding the infarct at 72 h. These results indicate that a neonatal hypoxic/ischemic insult induces neuronal up-regulation of the platelet-derived growth factor B-chain as well as beta-receptor immediately after hypoxia. While this up-regulation is relatively transient in most neurons, sublethal damage to neurons immediately surrounding an infarct induces sustained up-regulation. Through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, platelet-derived growth factor B-chain molecules may act as a neuroprotective factor in immature brain experiencing with hypoxic/ischemic injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Emerging and entraining patterns of the sleep-wake rhythm in preterm and term infants.

It has been repeatedly reported that the sleep-wake rhythm in infants entrains around 3-4 months of age after a transient free-run rhythm. To clarify the emerging and entraining patterns of the sleep-wake rhythm, the sleep and wakefulness of 84 infants (44 preterm and 40 term infants) were longitudinally recorded at home for more than 16 weeks by the day-by-day plot method. Our results showed that the entrained sleep-wake rhythm emerged after transient manifestation of either ultradian or irregular sleep-wake patterns for 3-4 weeks in 75% of the infants. Only 7% of the infants showed a free-running sleep-wake rhythm before the entrainment. These facts suggest that most infants would be entrained to an ordinary daily schedule of mothers without expression of overt free-running rhythm of the biological clock. The mean age of the entrainment was 44.8 postconceptional weeks. There were no significant differences in either frequency of each pattern or the mean age of the entrainment, between preterm and term infants. In conclusion, the entrained sleep-wake rhythm emerges around 1 corrected month, after ultradian patterns in the majority of infants.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1999

Disappearance of hypointense multiple sclerotic lesions on FLAIR MRI.

A child is presented who displayed hypointense multiple sclerotic lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences by magnetic resonance imaging, with the possible pathologic tissue changes of these hypointense lesions evaluated. The magnetic resonance imaging results in this patient demonstrated the disappearance of low-signal lesions on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery in multiple sclerosis, and the improvement of this patient's condition was likely compatible with sequential magnetic resonance imaging findings. Some hypointense lesions in the supratentorial white matter that appear on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images in multiple sclerosis patients may include reversible brain lesions, suggesting extracellular fluid collection not accompanied by axonal loss or gliosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Does hoarseness of voice from recurrent nerve paralysis after esophagectomy for carcinoma influence patient quality of life?

BACKGROUND: Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury caused by esophageal cancer surgery is worrisome but often temporary; it is unclear when and how the paralysis is resolved. Hoarseness of voice from vocal cord paralysis (VCP) can have detrimental effects on postoperative patients. The aims of this study were to clarify the progress of nerve paralysis related to difficulty in talking after surgery and to assess whether hoarseness influences patient quality of life. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1985 and 1996, 141 esophageal cancer patients undergoing a resection by the Akiyama procedure were cancer free 1 year after surgery. Among them, 51 patients with VCP on discharge from the hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Their VCPs, body weights, and pulmonary functions were examined yearly. They were given a questionnaire relating to the difficulty in talking 1 year after surgery. RESULTS: VCP on discharge spontaneously healed within 1 year of surgery in 21 patients (41.2%), with the mean duration of difficulty in talking 5.7 months. The remaining 30 patients had persistent VCP 1 year after surgery; 4 VCPs spontaneously healed approximately 2 years after surgery. Eleven of the 30 patients with persistent VCP, who complained of severe hoarseness at 1 year postoperatively from inability to close the glottis during exertion, showed debilitation in performance status, abilities to go up stairs, and swallowing. In the group of patients with severe hoarseness, the percentage of ideal body weight (90.6%+/-11.0%) preoperatively and pulmonary functions at 3 years postoperatively were deteriorated, resulting in 3 patients with repeated aspiration pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS: The inability to compensate for aspiration, presenting as severe hoarseness, may be dependent on the preoperative nutritional state of patients along with degree of vocal cord atrophy and a decrease in pulmonary support. Persistent nerve paralysis deteriorates quality of life until it is adequately treated.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1999

Postoperative liver failure after major hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in the modern era with special reference to remnant liver volume.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative liver failure is a life-threatening complication after hepatic resection. Because of recent advances in liver surgery technique and a more stringent patient selection, mortality after hepatic resection has steadily decreased, but its incidence still ranges from 10% to 20%. The factors linked to postoperative liver failure in major hepatic resection in the modern era should be reevaluated. STUDY DESIGN: Of 80 patients with viral markers (hepatitis C viral antibody or hepatitis B surface antigen) who underwent major hepatic resections (no less than bisegmentectomies) for hepatocellular carcinoma between 1990 and 1996, 7 patients (8.8%) died of postoperative liver failure within 6 months after hepatectomy. The cause of liver failure was analyzed based on both the preoperative data and the intraoperative findings. In addition, since all the patients who died of liver failure underwent a right hepatic lobectomy, a further data analysis was also done in 47 patients who underwent a right lobectomy of the liver. A volumetric analysis by CT was then done to evaluate the remnant liver volume. RESULTS: Between the patients with liver failure and those without liver failure who underwent a right lobectomy, there were no significant differences in preoperative data or intraoperative findings. Volumetric analysis revealed that the remnant liver volume of patients who died of liver failure was significantly smaller than that of patients who lived (p = 0.008). The incidence of liver failure in patients with a remnant liver volume of less than 250 mL/m2 was 7 of 20 (38%), while it was 0 of 27 in patients with a liver volume of no less than 250 mL/m2 (p = 0.0012). The only significant risk factor for liver failure in patients with a remnant liver volume of less than 250 mL/m2 was diabetes mellitus (p = 0.0072). CONCLUSIONS: The expected remnant liver volume appears to be a good predictor for liver failure in patients who undergo a right lobectomy of the liver. In patients with diabetes mellitus and an expected remnant liver volume of less than 250 mL/m2, a major hepatectomy should be avoided. Careful patient selection based on volumetric analysis in major hepatectomy cases could help prevent the occurrence of postoperative liver failure.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Counter-regulatory effect of sodium butyrate on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced complement C3 and factor B biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells.

The various biological activities of butyrate have been well documented. In this study, we tested the effects of butyrate on TNF-alpha-induced complement C3 and factor B biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells. The biosynthesis of C3, factor B and IL-8 was evaluated at the protein and mRNA levels. To evaluate transcriptional activation, the nuclear run-on assay was performed. The transcription factor-DNA binding activity was assessed by an electrophoretic gel mobility shift assay (EMSA). In the intestinal epithelial cell lines HT-29, T84 and Caco-2, sodium butyrate enhanced TNF-alpha-induced C3 secretion, but suppressed TNF-alpha-induced factor B and IL-8 secretion. Nuclear run-on assay revealed that transcriptional regulatory mechanisms are involved in the effects of sodium butyrate. The EMSAs indicated that sodium butyrate suppressed TNF-alpha-induced nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB- and activation protein (AP)-1-DNA binding activity, but enhanced TNF-alpha-induced activation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)beta (NF-IL-6)-DNA binding activity. Sodium butyrate induced a counter-regulatory effect on TNF-alpha-induced C3 and factor B biosynthesis in human intestinal epithelial cells. Butyrate action has been discussed with its activity to induce histone hyperacetylation, but its counter-regulatory effect on complement biosynthesis may be closely associated with the modulation of transcription factor activation.

Blotting, Northern↗
PubMed1999

Brunner's gland metaplasia of residual jejunum developed long after wide resection of the small intestine.

We report a rare case in which mucous glands, similar to pyloric or Brunner's glands, developed in the residual jejunum (46 cm in length) long after wide resection of the small intestine. The mucous glands were observed in the mucosal and submucosal layers near the duodenum, and the mucin showed a positive reaction by paradoxical concanavalin A staining and immunoreactivity for HIK-1083, which were histochemically the same as those in the pyloric/Brunner's glands. This type of metaplasia in the small intestine without ulceration has not been described in the literature so far. It was speculated that these glands developed as a defense response or adaptation against relatively excessive acid due to the short small intestine.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Mass screening for Wilson's disease: results and recommendations.

Wilson's disease is a treatable inherited disorder of copper metabolism. Established treatments include the use of oral chelating agents and the establishment of a minimum copper diet, although prognosis mainly depends on the extent of liver or nervous system damage present before treatment. Once irreversible damage has occurred, the effect of these treatments is diminished and the patient's quality of life compromised. Therefore, the establishment of a mass screening system able to detect Wilson's disease patients presymptomatically has been discussed. Recently, a monoclonal antibody specific to holoceruloplasmin has been developed. This antibody was used in a nationwide screening trial of 126,810 newborn infants, but no Wilson's disease patients were identified. However, three patients out of 24,165 were diagnosed with Wilson's disease using this specific antibody in a screening performed during the period from late infancy to elementary school. The age of 3 years is thought to be the best point for Wilson's disease mass screening. In this paper, a review of mass screening for Wilson's disease in Japan using a specific monoclonal antibody to holoceruloplasmin is presented.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1999

A study on the relative breakthrough time (RBT) of a respirator cartridge for forty-six kinds of organic solvent vapors.

The breakthrough time of a commercially available respirator cartridge was measured for 46 kinds of organic solvents. The condition of the test air flow was set according to the Japanese government standard for the National Approval Test: at 300 ppm of an organic solvent vapor concentration, a temperature of 20 degrees C, a relative humidity of 50 percent, and a flow rate of 30 L/min. The interval between the start of passing the test flow through a cartridge and the time when the concentration of organic solvent vapors at the downstream of the cartridge reached 5 ppm was measured. The ratios of breakthrough times of organic solvents to that of cyclohexane which is designated as the standard test vapor in Japan, were calculated to obtain the relative breakthrough times (RBTs). Nine of the 46 organic solvents had breakthrough times shorter than that of cyclohexane, and these organic solvents with shorter RBTs were characterized by low boiling points and small molecular weights. The RBTs of 34 organic solvents were compared with the breakthrough times reported by Nelson et al. The relationship between the RBTs of this experiment and those reported by Nelson correlated well (correlation coefficient: 0.861).

Cyclohexanes↗
PubMed1999

Replication factor C3 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, a small subunit of replication factor C complex, plays a role in both replication and damage checkpoints.

We report here the isolation and functional analysis of the rfc3(+) gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which encodes the third subunit of replication factor C (RFC3). Because the rfc3(+) gene was essential for growth, we isolated temperature-sensitive mutants. One of the mutants, rfc3-1, showed aberrant mitosis with fragmented or unevenly separated chromosomes at the restrictive temperature. In this mutant protein, arginine 216 was replaced by tryptophan. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that rfc3-1 cells had defects in DNA replication. rfc3-1 cells were sensitive to hydroxyurea, methanesulfonate (MMS), and gamma and UV irradiation even at the permissive temperature, and the viabilities after these treatments were decreased. Using cells synchronized in early G2 by centrifugal elutriation, we found that the replication checkpoint triggered by hydroxyurea and the DNA damage checkpoint caused by MMS and gamma irradiation were impaired in rfc3-1 cells. Association of Rfc3 and Rad17 in vivo and a significant reduction of the phosphorylated form of Chk1 in rfc3-1 cells after treatments with MMS and gamma or UV irradiation suggested that the checkpoint signal emitted by Rfc3 is linked to the downstream checkpoint machinery via Rad17 and Chk1. From these results, we conclude that rfc3(+) is required not only for DNA replication but also for replication and damage checkpoint controls, probably functioning as a checkpoint sensor.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1999

How the lymph node metastases toward cervico-upper mediastinal region affect the outcome of patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to establish whether the site of lymph node metastasis influences the survival of patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus. METHODS: A series of 159 patients with lymph node metastasis who underwent right transthoracic R0 esophagectomy was analyzed retrospectively. Sites of the nodal metastasis were divided into two regions; the neck and/or upper mediastinum above (upward metastasis) and the abdomen and/or lower mediastinum below (downward metastasis) the tracheal carina. RESULTS: Univariate analysis of prognostic factors revealed the tumor location, distant lymphatic metastasis, number of metastatic nodes and upward metastasis influenced survival, but downward metastasis did not. Multivariate analysis showed that the number of metastatic nodes and upward metastasis were also significant prognostic factors. Thirty-one (33.3%) of the 93 patients with, but only 6 (9.1%) without, upward metastasis had recurrences in the neck and/or upper mediastinum (P = 0.0002). Eighteen (60.0%) of the 30 patients with extranodal invasion in the neck and/or upper mediastinum had recurrence in these regions. CONCLUSIONS: Nodal metastasis in the neck and/or upper mediastinum was a significant risk factor for prognosis, the same as the number of metastatic nodes.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1999

Molecular cloning of mouse p47, a second group mammalian RuvB DNA helicase-like protein: homology with those from human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A 47k protein (p47) in a high-salt buffer extract of a rat liver nuclear matrix fraction was purified by means of a wheat germ agglutinin affinity column, reversed phase HPLC, and SDS-PAGE, and partial amino acid sequences were analyzed. Based on these sequences, the mouse cDNA of the protein was cloned and sequenced, and its amino acid sequence was deduced. Mouse p47 consists of 463 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 51,112. The amino acid sequences of human and Saccharomyces cerevisiae p47s were also deduced from the nucleotide sequences of "expressed sequence tag" fragments and genomic DNA, respectively. These sequences contain helicase motifs and show homology to bacterial RuvB DNA helicases acting in homologous recombination. They also show homology with the putative mammalian helicases p50/TIP49 and RUVBL1. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of p47 group proteins and those of p50/TIP49 group proteins revealed the p47 group proteins to comprise a group distinct from the p50/TIP49 proteins. Ultracentrifugation and gel filtration analyses showed that p47 in the rat liver cytosol fraction exists as large complexes of 697k.

ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activitie↗