Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to M Shibata.

At least 649 records · Page 36Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Plasma neuroleptic levels in the elderly patients on propericiazine therapy--possible role of morbidity.

Plasma neuroleptic levels of 31 elderly psychiatric patients (8 males and 23 females, age 80.1 +/- 8.95 years) on chronic propericiazine therapy and with multimorbidity were measured by means of radioreceptor assay. There was no significant correlation between the daily dose and the plasma neuroleptic level. Nor was there any significant correlation between the patients' age and the ratio of plasma neuroleptic level to the daily dose. On the other hand, the immobility score of patients (GBS scale) had a high correlation with the ratio of the plasma neuroleptic level to the daily dose. Furthermore, patients with positive C-reactive protein (CRP) had an average ratio value 3-fold higher than the CRP negative group. The results suggest that the plasma neuroleptic level of propericiazine in elderly patients is raised by morbidity and immobility rather than chronological age per se.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Responsiveness of monkey preoptic thermosensitive neurons to non-thermal emotional stimuli.

Responsiveness of 143 preoptic neurons to changes in hypothalamic temperature and to non-thermal emotional stimuli were investigated while rewarding (foods) and aversive objects (hypertonic saline, a toy snake, an air puffer) were given. About 71% of thermosensitive neurons and 32% of thermally insensitive neurons changed the activity when emotional stimuli were shown to and/or tasted by the monkey. Such responses were modulated by satiety/hunger state and were dependent on the degree of perturbation of emotional state. About half of the neurons tested responded when the monkey opened the mouth and protruded the tongue or moved fingers in trying to obtain foods with strong motivation, but did not when the animal made such movements less readily or reluctantly with the progress of satiation. This response was most frequently found among warm-units. The results raise a possibility that preoptic thermosensitive neurons, besides their postulated thermoregulatory functions, might be involved in the response of coordination with thermal and non-thermal emotional behaviors controlled in the hypothalamus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Monoclonal antibodies distinguish between the head portions of two myosin isozymes from chicken breast muscle.

Monoclonal antibodies against chicken breast myosin and its subfragment-1(S-1) were produced. One antibody, 2G41, reacted with S-1 containing a light chain 3 (LC3), but not with another S-1 containing a light chain 1 (LC1) or a mixture of the light chains. A structural difference can be assumed to exist between the head portions of the two myosin isozymes. Antigenicity of S-1 toward 2G41 could not be detected after tryptic digestion into three fragments of 50K, 27K, and 20K daltons. Another monoclonal antibody, M68, was obtained from mice immunized with myosin. M68 preferably recognized the heavy chain from S-1 containing LC3 rather than that from that containing LC1 or S-1. M68 reacted with the 27K fragment among the three.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the efficacy of split-product trivalent A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B influenza vaccines: reactogenicity, immunogenicity and persistence of antibodies following two doses of vaccines.

The reactogenicity and immunogenicity of Tween-ether split trivalent A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B influenza vaccine in primary school children aged seven to 12 years, and the persistence of antibodies following two doses of vaccine were studied during 1980-1984. Adverse reactions were infrequent, and, even when reported, were chiefly local ones, mild in nature and of short duration. Most of the reactions were less frequent after the second dose than after the first dose. Most of the systemic reactions occurred during the intervaccination period with almost equal frequency, indicating that careful consideration is required to judge whether they were induced by vaccination or not. This vaccine had induced adequate hemagglutination inhibiting (HAI) antibody because the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of the vaccinees were two- to eightfold higher than those of the nonvaccinees to any of the vaccine antigens following two doses of vaccine. In general, the responses to A(H3N2) virus were the best among the vaccine antigens through the four vaccination seasons, but there was a tendency to show a poorer response to the same type (or subtype) of virus antigen as the causative one during a protracted epidemic. The antibodies induced by either vaccination or natural infection were shown to persist for less than a year, supporting the recommendation for annual vaccination.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of the efficacy of split-product trivalent A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B influenza vaccines: protective efficacy.

A total of 1,995 primary school children (1,464 vaccinees and 531 non-vaccinees) were studied to evaluate the protective efficacy of Tween-ether split trivalent A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B influenza vaccines by comparison of the incidence of confirmed infection in two groups during 1980 to 1984. During the study period, epidemics caused by antigenically different influenza viruses, that is A(H1N1) epidemics in 1981 and 1984, a B epidemic in 1982 and an A(H3N2) epidemic in 1983, were experienced, and at the same time strains changed by antigenic drift were frequently isolated. In these epidemics, 61% to 87% of the children reported respiratory illnesses and 18% to 48% of the illnesses were influenza confirmed by seroconversion. Throughout these four epidemics, the incidence of confirmed infection among the vaccinees (7.8% to 33.8%) was 6.5% to 34.8% lower than that among the nonvaccinees (35.4% to 51.6%), demonstrating that the vaccine was effective (X2 = 76.34, P less than 0.001). However, this effectiveness was not seen in an epidemic in one of the entrant schools in 1984, possibly caused by a strain with intense antigenic drift. On the basis of data on incidence of various symptoms, duration of fever and the number of days of absence from class, it was considered that clinical symptoms in the vaccinees were milder than those in the nonvaccinees. When the titers of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HAI) antibody against the vaccine strains were measured, the protective level of HAI antibody giving less than or equal to 50% incidence of infection was 1:64, but it increased to 1:256 in the 1984 epidemic, reflecting the high rate of isolates with intense antigenic drift.

Child↗
PubMed1986

[Studies of inflammatory pain response: related pain producing substance and endogenous opioid system].

A method for assessing inflammatory pain response was developed by modification of the formalin test. Formalin (0.5%, 25 microliters) was injected into the hindpaw of the mouse, and the durations spent in licking or biting response were measured as an indicator of pain response. The response curve was biphasic, having two peaks, from 0 to 5 min (first phase) and from 15 to 20 min (second phase). Morphine, ethylketocyclazocine, ketocyclazocine and pentazocine inhibited the response dose-dependently at the first and the second phases. Aspirin, oxyphenbutazone and dexamethasone inhibited only the second phase. Aminopyrine and mefenamic acid which acted at both central and peripheral sites inhibited both phases; however, the inhibition of the second phase was stronger than that of the first phase. Substance P (SP) antagonist inhibited only the first phase. Bradykinin (BK) inhibitor caused a inhibition of both first and second phases, and pretreatment of compound 48/80 and indomethacin inhibited only the second phase. From these facts, it was suggested that SP and BK played a role in the pain response at the first phase, and histamine, BK and PG were involved at the second phase. Naloxone produced hyperalgesia and bestatin produced analgesia at the second phase; then, it seems that the endogenous opioid system is activated by formalin stimulation and modulates the pain perception. Based on these findings, it is presumed that the pain of the first phase is evoked by the direct stimulation of the nerve fibers, and that of the second phase is due to the inflammatory reaction.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1986

[Peripheral analgesic actions of opioid peptides and morphine analogues].

Opiates and opioid peptides were administered in the order of 10(-9)-10(-6) mol peripherally, and their action on pain sensitivity was investigated by the modified formalin test which has two characteristic pain responses (the first and the second phase) in the mouse hindpaw. Opioid peptides (20-500 pmol) had dose-dependent analgesia against both first and second phases, and their action ranked dynorphin greater than [D-Ala2, Met5]-enkephalinamide greater than [Met5]-enkephalin. EKC and morphine (0.4-2.5 nmol) inhibited pain response of the first phase, but produced hyperalgesia in the second phase dose-dependently. Lidocaine hydrochloride had peripheral analgesic action, but was about 500-10000 times weaker than these substances. So, these peripheral analgesic actions have a different mechanism from that of local anesthetic action. N-methyl levallorphan which is thought to be a peripherally selective narcotic antagonist reversed these peripheral analgesic actions at the first and second phases and also prevented the hyperalgesic effects of EKC and morphine at the second phase. Naloxone reversed analgesia at only the first phase. These results suggest that an analgesic mechanism by opioids may exist at the peripheral site as well. Furthermore, it is estimated that a receptor exists which is antagonized by N-methyl levallorphan but not by naloxone and that there is a system of hyperalgesia by EKC and morphine in pain modulation.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of bradykinin with substance P on vascular permeability and pain response.

Combination of bradykinin with substance P exerted synergistic effects on vascular permeability and pain response in mouse paw. Denervation of sciatic nerve reduced significantly bradykinin-induced vascular permeability, suggesting the involvement of sensory nerves. The bradykinin-induced vascular permeability was also reduced by intravenous injection of a substance P-antagonist. The results suggest that neuronal substance P takes part in the action of bradykinin on inflammation and pain sensation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The inhibitory effect of lysozyme on the glomerular basement membrane thickening in spontaneous diabetic mice (NSY mice).

Currently, there is no effective treatment for diabetic microangiopathy. We have been examining, therefore, the effects of lysozyme on the renal conditions of spontaneous diabetic mice (NSY mice). We assessed the changes in glomerulus following the administration of lysozyme, using the thickness of the glomerular capillary basement membrane as an indicator. Littermate, male F19 NSY mice were divided into two groups. One of the groups (Group L) was treated with lysozyme; the other control group (Group C) with physiological saline. Group L received a daily intramuscular injection of lysozyme solution for 4 or 8 weeks. The thickness of the glomerular capillary basement membrane was measured in order to assess the effect of lysozyme administration. In the 4-week series, the thickness was 4783 +/- 1760 A in Group C and 3266 +/- 777 A in Group L, while in the 8-week series it was 6011 +/- 2043 A in Group C and 3540 +/- 431 A in Group L. In both series of Group L, a distinct inhibitory effect on the basement membrane thickening was found. The present findings suggest that lysozyme may be effective in human diabetic nephropathy. However its clinical usefulness must be confirmed in future studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Griffonia simplicifolia I-A4 staining of mice glomerular tufts and its alteration in diabetic mice.

An isolectin from Griffonia simplicifolia (GS) seed--GSI-A4--stained the outer aspect of glomerular tuft (GT) intensely in the kidneys of ICR, C57BL/6J, BALB/c and NSY mice. Loss of the GSI-A4 staining was observed in the sclerotic areas of glomeruli in diabetic mice (NSY mice). This interesting staining will be useful for the analysis of the constitutions of GT in various experimental models of renal glomerular diseases in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Changes in the urine and scanning electron microscopically observed appearance of the rat bladder following treatment with tumor promoters.

Urine of rats treated with promoters of urinary bladder carcinogenesis was analyzed during weeks 8 to 24 of administration. The sodium salts of several chemicals, including ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, acid saccharin and o-phenylphenol increased the urinary pH and sodium ion concentration of the urine. In contrast, treatment with sodium hippurate did not cause elevation of urinary pH although it increased the sodium ion concentration in the urine. Butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ethoxyquin did not affect the urinary pH or any electrolytes except for an increase of phosphorus in the urine of rats given BHT or ethoxyquin. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed that epithelial cells of the urinary bladder of rats given promoters of urinary bladder carcinogenesis had pleomorphic microvilli, short, uniform microvilli, and ropy or leafy microridges on their surfaces. Thus, for the class of promoters including the sodium salts of weak to moderate acids, the elevation of urinary pH and the increase of sodium ion concentration accompany the promoting activity, whereas these changes do not occur following administration of the antioxidant class of bladder tumor promoters.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Studies on imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of pediatrics].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on imipenem (MK-0787)/cilastatin sodium (MK-0791), a combined drug of carbapenem antibiotics (MK-0787) and renal depeptidase inhibitor (MK-0791) in a 1:1 ratio, were performed in the field of pediatrics. Absorption and excretion Serum levels and urinary excretion of MK-0787/MK-0791 were determined in 7 children aged 4 to 11 years. Four cases were administered with a single dose of MK-0787/MK-0791 at 10 mg/10 mg/kg by intravenous drip infusion and the other 3 cases were given a single dose of 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of MK-0787 reached their peaks at the end of drip infusion where the mean level was 17.5 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml for the group given 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 43.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml for the group given 20 mg/20 mg/kg. Concentrations decreased with half-lives of 0.82 +/- 0.10 hour and 0.74 +/- 0.04 hour for the low and high doses, respectively, and serum levels at 6 hours after administration were 0.3 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml and 0.4 +/- 0.1 microgram/ml, respectively. Peak concentrations of MK-0791 were 22.6 +/- 4.8 micrograms/ml in the 10 mg/10 mg/kg group and 52.9 +/- 4.7 micrograms/ml in the 20 mg/20 mg/kg group at the end of the drip infusion. Half-lives were 0.56 +/- 0.17 hour and 0.46 +/- 0.11 hour for the 2 doses, respectively while MK-0791 levels were below detection limit at 6 hours after administration. Mean urinary recovery rates in 6 hours after administration were 54.0 +/- 15.3% and 49.3 +/- 7.8% for MK-0787 and MK-0791, respectively, in the group of 10 mg/10 mg/kg, and 62.0 +/- 7.4% and 65.3 +/- 9.2%, respectively, in the group of 20 mg/20 mg/kg. These results showed that pharmacokinetics of MK-0787 and MK-0791 in children were similar to that in adults. Clinical study MK-0787/MK-0791 was used for treatment in a total of 22 pediatric patients to evaluate clinical effectiveness, bacteriological efficacy and adverse reactions. Each of patients was treated 3 or 4 times per day at a single dose of 11.4-22.8 mg/kg (of MK-0787). Duration of treatment ranged from 2.5 to 18 days and total doses ranged from 1.36 to 19.92 g. Clinical efficacy in cases including 2 with acute purulent tonsillitis, 1 with acute purulent otitis media, 9 with acute pneumonia, 1 with pythorax, 3 with acute purulent lymphadenitis, and 6 with acute pyelonephritis were judged excellent in 20 cases and good in 2 cases; an efficacy rate of 100%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1986

[Study on the use of cefotiam in neonates].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were carried out regarding the use of cefotiam (CTM) in the treatment of infections in newborn infants. Absorption and excretion: CTM was administered by bolus intravenous injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 9 newborns ranging in age from 1 to 28 days (gestational age, 34-40 weeks; birth weight, 2,000-3,380 g) and 6 infants aged 30 to 87 days (gestational age, 33 approximately 40 weeks; birth weight, 2,100-3,600 g) and its serum concentration and urinary excretion were determined. In the newborns, mean serum concentrations were 43.3 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour, 36.7 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 27.8 micrograms/ml at 1 hour, 17.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 8.8 micrograms/ml at 4 hours and 4.8 micrograms/ml at 6 hours, and in the infants, they were 44.5 micrograms/ml, 31.2 micrograms/ml, 19.1 micrograms/ml, 7.6 micrograms/ml, 2.2 micrograms/ml and 0.7 micrograms/ml at the above sampling times, respectively. Mean half-lives were 1.92 hours for the newborns and 0.96 hour for the infants, and mean urinary recoveries within 6 hours were 41.2% and 50.1% for the newborns and the infants, respectively. Taking individual differences into account, serum peak levels (at 1/4 hour) in newborns were very similar to each other irrespective of age (days after birth), and did not appear to be greatly different from those in infants. Half-lives, however, became shorter with aging, and the half-life of the serum CTM level in infants of about 1 month old should be close to those in young children or school-age children. From these observations, it is suggested to establish a standard regimen in which CTM is administered at a dose of 20 mg/kg once or twice a day to newborns within 3 days after birth, twice or 3 times a day to those aged 4 to 7 days, and 3 or 4 times a day to those aged 8 days or older. Clinical study: The CTM was administered to 11 patients with acute pneumonia, 2 patients each with suspected septicemia and with bullous impetigo, 1 patient with purulent lymphadenitis, 3 patients with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and 1 patient with pneumothorax, and its clinical effect was investigated. Excellent responses were observed in 12 of the 15 evaluated cases,good responses in 2, and a poor response in 1, thus an overall clinical effectiveness was 93.3%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Hypoglycemic activity of MTP-1403 (2-amino-7,8-dihydro-4-piperazinyl-6H-thiopyrano 3,2-d pyrimidine), a new hypoglycemic agent.

2-Amino-7,8-dihydro-4-piperazinyl-6H-thiopyrano 3,2-d pyrimidine (MTP-1403) is a new oral hypoglycemic agent structurally different from any existing hypoglycemic drugs. MTP-1403 lowered fasting plasma level and dose-dependently improved glucose tolerance test without increasing insulin secretory response to glucose. MTP-1403 caused a decrease in fasting plasma glucose level in mild alloxan-induced diabetic rats but not in the rats suffering from ketosis. MTP-1403 markedly improved the oral glucose tolerance test in the genetically diabetic KK mice. These results suggest that hypoglycemic activity of MTP-1403 may be mechanically different from sulfonylureas and biguanides and beneficial to type II diabetics with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Fundamental and clinical evaluations of ceftazidime in neonates].

Evaluations of ceftazidime (CAZ) in a few different categories were carried out in neonates. Single doses of 20 mg/kg of CAZ were administered to 8 neonates (day-age range: 1-26) and 3 infants (day-age range: 45-119) by bolus intravenous injection. Mean serum concentrations of CAZ at 15, 30 min., 1, 2, 4 hours and 6 hours were 51.6 +/- 9.2, 48.1 +/- 8.7, 47.9 +/- 7.8, 38.2 +/- 6.5, 20.2 +/- 4.0 micrograms/ml, and 15.3 +/- 5.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the neonates, and 51.1 +/- 10.3, 44.7 +/- 6.8, 35.5 +/- 4.1, 21.4 +/- 2.0, 8.6 +/- 1.0 micrograms/ml and 3.5 +/- 0.8 micrograms/ml, respectively, in the infants. Mean half-lives of CAZ in serum were 2.87 +/- 0.77 hours in the neonates and 1.39 +/- 0.10 hours in the infants, and mean urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours were 60.5 +/- 16.0%, and 76.8 +/- 39.6% in the neonates and the infants, respectively. When individual differences are taken into consideration, no significant difference exists among 30-minute serum concentrations of neonates of different day-ages, and these concentrations were not significantly different from those in infants and older children. Half-lives of CAZ in sera decreased rapidly with the advances of the day-ages of the neonates, and the half-life at an age of 1-month should be similar to that in older children. The CAZ was administered to 2 cases of suspected sepsis, 7 of acute pneumonia, 1 of acute pyelonephritis, 1 of cellulitis, and 2 of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome, and clinical efficacies were excellent in all the cases except for 2 cases excluded from the assessment. S. pyogenes (1), E. coli (1) and S. aureus (1) suspected as causative organisms were eradicated by the treatment with CAZ. Neither clinical adverse effects nor abnormal laboratory findings were observed in any case. From the above results, CAZ is considered to be an antibiotic with high efficacy and safety in the treatment of neonates.

Bacterial Infections↗