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Biomedical subjects

M Shibata

Publications and source records attributed to M Shibata.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Measurement of anti-HTLV-I antibody titer in cerebrospinal fluid].

Anti HTLV-I antibody was measured in 590 cerebrospinal fluids (CSFs) employing a gelatin particle agglutination (PA) method. Anti HTLV-I antibody was detected in the CSFs from 24 patients (4.1%). The serum from the 24 patients also showed positive results. Out of the 24 patients, 11 cases (45.8%) had HAMs. Of the remaining patients 3 had ATLs with meningeal infiltration. Only 11 cases out of 24 patients were positive for anti HTLV-I antibodies when an immunofluorescence (IF) method was employed. This discrepancy of the results obtained by two methods may be explained by the presence of the patients whose CSFs contain anti HTLV-I antibodies of low titer. It is concluded that PA method is both sensitive and specific for the detection of anti HTLV-I antibodies in CSFs. Further, PA method is more convenient than IF method. So, it will be a very useful tool in the diagnosis of HTLV-I related neurological disorders and asymptomatic carriers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime in neonates and infants].

Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on cefmenoxime (CMX) in neonates and infants were conducted. 1. CMX 20 mg/kg was administered by intravenous bolus injection to 6 neonates (with ages 2 to 20 days) and 5 infants (with ages 36 to 107 days) and its serum concentration and urinary excretion rates were determined. In the neonates, serum concentrations of CMX after intravenous administration reached peak levels of 48.2 to 90.7 micrograms/ml (mean 70.4 +/- 14.3 micrograms/ml) in 1/4 hour, then declined with half-lives of 1.27 to 5.19 hours (mean 2.28 +/- 1.56 hours), and were 3.6 to 16.9 micrograms/ml (mean 8.3 +/- 6.0 micrograms/ml) at 6 hours. In the infants, serum concentrations at 1/4 hour were 67.5 to 111.0 micrograms/ml (mean 95.5 +/- 18.0 micrograms/ml); half-lives were 0.64 to 0.94 hour (mean 0.81 +/- 0.13 hour); and the serum concentrations at 6 hours were 0.2 to 1.1 micrograms/ml (mean 0.7 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml). Mean peak serum concentrations in the neonates tended to be lower than those in the infants, but higher than those in children. Regarding the age differences of serum concentrations due to age in the neonates, their peak levels tended to be lower in younger ones. Half-lives were shorter in older subjects and, in early infancy, approached values observed in children. Urinary recovery rates in the first 6 hours after intravenous administration ranged from 43.6 to 87.5% (mean 61.6 +/- 14.6%) in the neonates and from 52.1 to 90.8% (mean 78.0 +/- 15.1%) in the infants. Thus, recovery rates were high even in younger subjects and tended to be higher in older subjects. 2. CMX was administered to 27 neonates and 4 infants to investigate its clinical effect, bacteriological effect and side effects. Clinical efficacy ratings of the drug in 19 neonate cases that could be evaluated (1 with purulent meningitis, 2 with suspected septicemia, 1 with acute bronchitis, 12 with acute pneumonia, 1 with impetigo, 1 with periumbilical abscess and 1 with acute pyelonephritis) were "excellent" in 14 cases, "good" in 4, and "poor" in 1. The efficacy rate covering "excellent" and "good" was 94.7%. In 4 infants (2 with acute pneumonia, 1 with periumbilical abscess and 1 with acute pyelonephritis), "excellent" was obtained in 2 cases and "good" in 2 cases. Thus, all the cases showed "good" or higher ratings. Bacteriologically, 1 strain of Staphylococcus aureus and 3 strains of Escherichia coli in neonates were eradicated while, in infants, 1 strain of S. aureus persisted but 1 of E. coli was eradicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1989

[Clinico-pathological studies of alcoholic liver disease, especially on the diagnostic significance of endogenous bile acid tolerance test].

Endogenous bile acid tolerance test was performed in 88 patients with alcoholic liver disease and results obtained were compared with histological features in their liver biopsy specimens. An increase of serum fasting total bile acid (FTBA) and maximum total bile acid (MTBA) was closely reflected the degrees of hepatic fibrosis and they were seemed to be useful for differential diagnosis and clinical observation of the alcoholic liver disease. We have been reported the criteria of the grading for bile acid tolerance test at Inuyama Symposium in 1977. With the use of this criteria, we applied it to alcoholic liver disease. The results of bile acid tolerance test were normal in patients with ALF mild, fatty liver and no remarkable change, these were slightly abnormal in patients with ALF moderate and severe, these were severe abnormal in patients with ALC. Bile acid tolerance test is a sensitive liver function test. However, this method is too complex for clinical use. Therefore, we recommend to use the serum bile acid level at 60 minutes after the yolk loading (60min-TBA), because we found 60min-TBA was almost the same as MTBA and accurately reflect the liver morphology. So, we concluded measurement of FTBA and 60min-TBA were adequate, especially in outpatients, to evaluate the progress of alcoholic liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Local analgesic action and tissue irritability of nishika thesirol, a root canal disinfectant].

Local analgesic action and tissue irritability of nishika thesirol made newly, which was one of the root canal disinfectants, were investigated. 1) Nishika thesirol was less irritative than any other drugs such as formocresol, champhophenique and creodon, and there was a significant difference between nishika thesirol and formocresol. 2) Marked local analgesic action of nishika thesirol was observed by means of formalin method in mice. Formalin-induced pain response was also inhibited significantly, when nishika thesirol was directly applied to the sciatic nerve 3 days before the experiment. 3) Thesit, one of the effective ingredients of nishika thesirol, had a long lasting local anesthetic action as compared with the same dose of lidocaine.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1989

Antimicrobial action of natural substances on oral bacteria.

The antimicrobial action of natural substances was investigated in vitro against oral bacteria including Streptococcus sp., Actinomyces sp., Actinobacillus sp., Bacteroides sp., Capnocytophaga sp., Eikenella sp., Fusobacterium sp. and Propionibacterium sp. Among the natural substances tested, hinokitiol was the most inhibitory to oral bacteria. Cinnamon bark oil, papua-mace extracts, and clove bud oil in spice extracts were also inhibitory against many oral bacteria. Egg white lysozyme exhibited antimicrobial action against the periodontitis associated bacteria.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1989

[A case report of a patient who developed cyanosis and significant decrease in PtcO2 caused by a contraction of the ductus arteriosus].

A 2-day-old male baby with patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary atresia had an emergency anoplasty because of anal atresia. During the operation, anesthesia was maintained satisfactorily with 1-2% halothane and 70% nitrous oxide in oxygen, accompanied with continuous infusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). However, after the inspired oxygen concentration was changed to 100% from 30% at the end of the operation, transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (PtcO2) began to decrease progressively, developing cyanosis and sinus bradycardia. Immediately the inspiratory concentration of oxygen was returned to 30% from 100% and the infusion rate of PGE1 was increased from 2 micrograms. kg-1.min-1. Atropine 0.2mg was also administered intravenously. A few minutes after this therapy, a gradual increase in PtcO2 was observed, and he recovered from cyanosis and respiratory arrest. In this case, we suspect that the cyanosis developed because of the contraction of PDA. In summary, anesthetic management of a patient with pulmonary atresia and PDA is described. The PtcO2 should be monitored continuously and the inspiration of pure oxygen should be avoided. Continuous infusion of PGE1 may be one of the effective measures to dilate PDA.

Cyanosis↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical and experimental study of shortening osteotomy of forearm bone(s) in Kienböck's disease].

Sixty-nine patients with Kienböck's disease were surgically treated from 1972 to 1987. Eleven patients with ulnar minus variance, 48 with neutral variance and 10 with ulnar plus variance were treated with shortening osteotomy of the radius. Ten patients with ulnar plus variance were treated with shortening osteotomy of both the radius and ulna. All cases were followed up from one to eleven years. Satisfactory improvement was attained in 85% of cases. Radiologic evaluation showed revascularization of the lunate in 94%. Collapse of the lunate did not progress in 60%. In 14 wrists of adult Japanese monkeys, ulnar minus and plus variants were created, and radial-ulna compression force was measured with intraarticular pressure sensors. Intraarticular forces were then measured following shortening osteotomy of the forearm bone(s). These procedures uniformly decreased pressure in the radial-ulna joint.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A study of daunomycin rats--is it possible to use daunomycin rats as an experimental model of chronic renal failure?].

Daunomycin rats are frequently used as an experimental model of nephrotic syndrome. We accidentally left daunomycin rats for a long time, and after death, these rats showed extensive scarring of the kidney. Since then, we have been studying whether daunomycin rats can be used as an experimental model of chronic renal failure. Female Wistar rats were injected i.v. with a single dose of daunomycin 12 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg body wt. We then observed the rats for six months. The rats in the 12 mg/kg injection group died within three to six months. All rats died from chronic renal failure. The BUN and creatinine levels significantly increased from seven weeks after daunomycin 12 mg/kg injection. At the end stage, renal anemia and hyperphosphatemia were noticed. There was an inverse relationship between the life span of daunomycin rats and urine protein level at four weeks. Rats with a large amount of urine protein at four weeks died of uremia at an early age. We concluded that daunomycin rats can be used as an experimental model of chronic renal failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical study on alcoholic pancreatitis in alcoholics (especially in ERP findings)].

The pancreatic functions (PFD test and 75g GTT), pancreatic enzymes (serum-amylase, urine-amylase, serum-elastase I and serum-lipase), alcohol consumption histories, clinical symptoms, histological findings in the liver and ERP findings have been examined in 66 alcoholic patients. Fourty two out of 66 cases (64%) showed abnormal ERP findings which were compatible with chronic pancreatitis. But among these 42 cases, only 9 cases (21%) showed clinical symptoms such as epigastralgia, back pain, diarrhea and emaciation which suggest the existence of chronic pancreatitis. The degree of liver damage, alcohol consumption have no significant correlation with ERP findings. Furthermore, the severe alcoholic pancreatitis occurred in patients having mild liver injury more than those having severe liver injury such as cirrhosis. And the data of pancreatic functions and enzymes could not confirm ERP findings especially in patients with mild and moderate pancreatic injury when compared to normal ERP findings. We concluded that asymptomatic alcoholic pancreatitis occurred more frequently in painless alcoholic. It may be not suitable for only using the normal pancreatic functions test to diagnose the alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

High propeller twist and unusual hydrogen bonding patterns from the MD simulation of (dG)6.(dC)6.

A molecular dynamics (MD) study of (dG)6.(dC)6 including counter ions and 292 water molecules was made. The hydrogen bonding pattern and propeller twist angles for the mini-helix are reported as averages for times spanning 21-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 ps. The propeller twist angles range from 18 degrees to 38 degrees. Bifurcated and interstrand neighboring base (twisted) hydrogen bonding patterns were found.

Hydrogen Bonding↗
PubMed1988

Accumulation of furancarboxylic acids in uremic serum as inhibitors of drug binding.

3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpropionic acid, 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-ethyl-2-furanpropionic acid and 3-carboxy-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid were detected in uremic serum using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mass chromatography revealed that the serum concentrations of the furancarboxylic acids especially 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid, were increased in the chronic hemodialysis patients and that the acids could not be removed by conventional hemodialysis due to their strong binding to plasma protein. 3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid was also quantitated in uremic serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum level of the acid in uremic patients showed significant but weak correlation with serum level of urea and duration on hemodialysis. Equilibrium dialysis demonstrated that 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-pentyl-2-furanpropionic acid inhibited the bindingof salicylate and 5,5-diphenylhydantoin to albumin. In conclusion, the furancarboxylic acids especially 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid were accumulated in uremic serum as inhibitors of drug binding.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Convergence of skin and hypothalamic temperature signals on the sulcal prefrontal cortex in the rat.

Single unit activities in the sulcal prefrontal cortex (S-PEC) were recorded during thermal stimulation of scrotal skin and the hypothalamus in urethane-anesthetized rats. (1) Of all the 146 S-PFC units tested, 126 (86%) units changed the firing rate in response to changes in scrotal skin temperature (Tsc), and 98 (67%) units to alterations in hypothalamic temperature (Thyp). Sixty-five percent of the S-PFC units responded to both Tsc and Thyp changes. (2) Response characteristics of Tsc-responding S-PFC units were modified when the hypothalamus was warmed or cooled. (3) Microinjection of procaine into the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus reversibly blocked the response of S-PFC units to changes in Tsc and/or Thyp. (4) The high degree of convergence of thermal signals from scrotal skin and the hypothalamus on the S-PFC suggests that the S-PFC neurons play a role in processing and integrating thermal signals arising from different parts of the body, probably in connection with the emotional and/or motivational aspect of neural sensation and thermoregulatory behavior.

Animals↗