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Biomedical subjects

M Sharma

Publications and source records attributed to M Sharma.

467 records · Page 26Linked to original sources
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B-Lynch brace suture simple surgical technique for managing post-partum haemorrhage - report of three cases.

Post-partum haemorrhage is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. Numerous medical and surgical therapies have been used but none has been uniformly successful. Three cases which were managed successfully with brace suture following failure of medical management for post-partum haemorrhage are being presented. The ease and usefulness of this procedure as a life saving measure, its relative safety and its capacity for preserving the uterus and thus fertility is high lighted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Severe post thermal burn cicatricial ectropion with corneal ulceration: an illustrative case.

Management of postburn cicatricial ectroption of the upper lid is always a challenge for the oculoplastic surgeon, as they are often associated with exposure keratitis and ulceration. Traditionally, split thickness grafts have been described for upper lid reconstruction and tarsorrhaphies have been discouraged. We present a case of corneal ulceration associated with postburn cicatricial ectropion presenting 10 years following the initial trauma. The patient underwent full thickness skin grafting and tarsorrhaphy to release the ectropion with resolution of corneal ulceration. We believe that full thickness skin grafts and tarsorrhaphy are effective in correcting upper lid cicatricial ectropion, without functional compromise.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of antibody response in meningococcal patients, contacts and vaccinees in north India.

Serological response was studied in a high risk age 16-30 years group, during the period December 1986-April 1988, following vaccination with a meningococcal vaccine (Biomerieux, France). A total of 200 serum samples were collected from 50 individuals before vaccination and at 1, 3 and 6 months post-vaccination respectively. Antibody response was measured by Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA). In the vaccinees antibody response by IHA test showed 56%, positivity in the pre-vaccination samples and 82%, 78% and 74% positivity 1 month, 3 months and 6 months in the post-vaccination samples. By ELISA 2%, 80%, 74% and 66% of the above groups showed serological response. Difference in the pre-vaccination and titres/O.D. of various post-vaccination groups was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.001). There was, however, no significant difference (p = 0.05) amongst the titres/O.D. of three post-vaccination groups. Similarly, acute and convalescent blood samples of 25 patients one sample each of 31 contacts was studied for antibody response. In general, higher antibody titres are produced with systemic infection than with local nasopharyngeal infection or following vaccination.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of prolonged starvation and refeeding on fuel metabolism in rats.

Body and liver weights, Liver lipids, glycogen, aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1), alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) and blood glucose levels were determined in starved and starved-refed rats. Decrease in body and liver weights was rapid during the initial stage of starvation and slowed down thereafter. Water was the major liver constituent lost in early fast. Following 10 days of starvation, body weight was reduced by nearly 20%, liver weight 43%, liver glycogen 93% and blood glucose 34%. Liver lipids and the activities of the two transaminases however, were increased by about 30-50%. On refeeding body weight and its water content increased and became nearly double of the initial fasting value on day 2. Blood glucose, liver glycogen, liver lipids and transaminases were significantly altered and got normalised within 5-8 days.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Association of plasma lipoproteins with angiographically defined coronary artery disease.

Lipoprotein (a) and other lipoprotein variables have been correlated with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease. However, pattern of lipoprotein (a) distribution in various racial groups has been found to be different. To study this relationship in the Indian patients, plasma levels of lipoprotein (a) and other lipoprotein variables were examined in 144 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. Total cholesterol and cholesterol content of various lipoproteins were assayed by chemical methods, and in 116 patients lipoprotein (a) was detected by gel electrophoresis. Lipoprotein (a) was positive in a total of 78 (67%) patients, and its positivity in the four angiographic groups with normal coronaries, single vessel, double vessel, and triple vessel disease was 69, 78, 61 and 67 percent respectively. Interestingly, lipoprotein (a) greater than 75 percentile tended to be more frequent in patients with increasing severity of coronary artery disease: 15%, 21%, 25% and 28% in the four groups, respectively. However, this was not statistically significant. Plasma levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol content of other lipoproteins and triglycerides were not significantly different in these four groups of patients. This study, therefore, shows that there is no significant correlation of lipoprotein (a) positivity with angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in our group of Indian patients, although higher values are more frequently present in patients with severe disease.

Coronary Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytotoxicity of anthrax lethal factor microinjected into macrophage cells through Sendai virus envelopes.

Lethal toxin (LT) secreted by Bacillus anthracis consists of two proteins, protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF). LT causes lysis of macrophages and derived cell lines at low concentrations. PA binds to the cell surface receptors and mediates translocation of LF into cytosol of mammalian cells. Internalization of LF into cytosol by osmotic lysis of pinocytic vesicles requires high concentration of LF for cell lysis. To examine the possible cell lysis by LF at low concentration, we introduced LF directly into cytosol of J774A.1 cells through reconstituted Sendai virus envelopes. The introduction of LF lysed J774A.1 cells in a concentration dependent manner. Internalization of PA alone through virosome had no toxic effect on J774A.1 cells. In the process of cytotoxicity LF was not cleaved by cellular proteases. Unlike many protein toxins, golgi was not involved in the expression of lethal toxin activity. These results indicate that LF is the toxic component of anthrax lethal toxin and prior proteolytic processing or trafficking through golgi is not required for its activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of left ventricular functions in chronic renal failure before and after acute hemodialysis.

Left ventricular functions were evaluated in 25 adult patients of chronic renal failure by 2-D echocardiography before and after four hours of standard hemodialysis session. Eighteen patients showed clinical evidence of fluid overload. Predialysis left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular end-systolic volume were comparable in patients with or without fluid overload. Similarly, predialysis stroke volume and left ventricular ejection fraction were not significantly different in the two subsets. However, following hemodialysis there was a significant decrease in the left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes and diameters in patients with fluid overload. The improvement in the left ventricular ejection fraction was of the same magnitude in the two subsets. The significant improvement in the left ventricular functions both in patients with and without fluid overload indicates that fluid overload may not be the only determinant of left ventricular functions in patients of chronic renal failure, but other factors, such as various uraemia toxins and metabolic changes might also be inhibiting the myocardial functions.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

L-carnitine in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

L-carnitine has been used in dilated cardiomyopathy secondary to carnitine deficiency in children, with favourable results. There are no reports on the effects of L-carnitine in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. We undertook a prospective study to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Thirteen children, mean age 3.29 +/- 1.44 years, with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent echocardiographic evaluation while on conventional treatment alone, and with additional L-carnitine (50 mg/kg/day). To obviate the effects of spontaneous improvement, eight patients (Group 1) were restudied three weeks after stopping the drug, and five (Group 2) were restudied three weeks after addition of carnitine. Conventional treatment was continued throughout. After repeat echocardiographic examination, the parameters were compared statistically. With addition of carnitine, besides symptomatic improvement, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction improved from 36.9 +/- 16.1 percent to 46.9 +/- 14.5 percent (p < 0.001) and the mean pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time ratio from 39.07 +/- 14.8 to 43.2 +/- 8.1 (p < 0.01) in the entire group. These changes were concordant in both the subgroups. It was concluded that L-carnitine therapy in children with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy led to modest improvement in left ventricular function.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗