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Biomedical subjects

M Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to M Shapiro.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A decisive period in cefoxitin prophylaxis of experimental synergistic wound infection produced by Bacteroides fragilis and Escherichia coli.

In an experimental model of synergistic infection produced by Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis, a single injection of cefoxitin 1 h before inoculation of the bacteria was able to prevent both death and local wound infection (P less than 0.05). When cefoxitin was administered 1 h after the bacterial inoculum, death of the animals, but not the wound infection, was prevented (P greater than 0.1). Cefazolin, active against the E. coli only, could prevent death, but had no significant effect (P greater than 0.1) on the prevention of wound sepsis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Evidence that the serological determinant of H-Y antigen is carbohydrate.

The histocompatibility-Y (H-Y) antigen is a minor histocompatibility antigen which has been detected on cell surfaces from the heterogametic sexes of mammalian, bird, amphibian, teleost and invertebrate species. H-Y is thought to be a male-determining substance in mammals because of its almost perfect correlation with maleness among a variety of mammalian species. To characterize the molecular determinant responsible for H-Y specific serological activity, H-Y positive immunoabsorbent cells were first subjected to various treatments which alter protein or carbohydrate structure and then tested for their ability to absorb H-Y antisera. We present here evidence that the serological determinant of H-Y antigen is carbohydrate.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Immunochemical specificity of the combining site of murine myeloma protein CAL20 TEPC1035 reactive with dextrans.

The immunochemical specificity of the combining sites of murine myeloma protein CAL20 TEPC1035 was studied by quantitative precipitin and precipitin inhibition assays. Myeloma protein CAL20 TEPC1035 precipitated with only three dextrans, B1355S4, B1498S, and B1501S, with high proportions of alpha(1 leads to 3) linkages, but not with any other dextrans, glycogen, and pullulan. Inhibition tests with various sugars show that the combining site of myeloma protein CAL20 TEPC1035 is most complementary to panose, a trisaccharide DGlc alpha(1 leads to 6)DGlc alpha(1 leads to 4)DGlc. Panose was 3.3 times more potent than a tetrasaccharide DGlc alpha(1 leads to 6)DGlc alpha(1 leads to 4)DGlc alpha(1 leads to 4)DGlc and 8, 23, 42, > 42 times more active than maltose, nigerose, isomaltose, and kojibiose, respectively. These findings were paralleled by their binding properties as determined by affinity electrophoresis. The association constants (Ka) of these three dextrans to myeloma protein CAL20 TEPC1035 ranged from 3.8 X 10(3) ml/g to 5.02 X 10(3) ml/g. The association constant of inhibitor (Kia) of panose was 8.19 X 10(3) M-1. Myeloma protein CAL20 TEPC1035 is an antidextran with specificity different from those of other murine myeloma antidextrans and from human antidextrans reported previously and its combining site size is at least as large as a trisaccharide. The binding constant of methyl alpha-D-glucoside (7.2 X 10(2)) was 73% of that of panose and comparable to that of myeloma protein W3129 (9.4 X 10(2)) with a cavity-type site and 600 times lower (1.6 X 10(0)) for QUPC52 with a groove type site, indicating that the terminal nonreducing residue is held in a cavity. Inhibition data with various alpha(1 leads to 4)-linked oligosaccharides also indicate that the internal portions of these inhibitors may react directly with a portion of the combining site. These findings suggest that myeloma antidextran CAL20 TEPC1035 has a partial cavity-type combining site in which the terminal nonreducing dGlc alpha(1 leads to 6) moiety is held in a cavity with the other two sugars forming a groove. However, oligosaccharides with one or more alternating [leads to 3DGlc alpha(1 leads to 6)DGlc alpha(1 leads to 3)DGlcl leads to] units with and without terminal nonreducing DGlc alpha(1 leads to 6) or DGLc alpha(1 leads to 3) side chains remain to be tested to determine whether structures known to be present in the three dextrans which precipitate CAL20 TEPC1035 may not prove to be more active than panose.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Randomised clinical trial of perioperative cefazolin in preventing infection after hysterectomy.

To determine the efficacy of perioperative cefazolin in preventing pelvic and wound infections after elective non-radical hysterectomy, a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was done. Among 86 patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy, those who received three perioperative 1 g doses of cefazolin (44) had significantly fewer pelvic infections (21% vs. 2%); less standard febrile morbidity (31% vs. 14%); shorter length of stay (LOS); and fewer courses of antibiotics postoperatively. There was no reduction in rate of urinary-tract infection (UTI) (21% vs. 23%). Among 429 women having abdominal hysterectomy, the 206 who received cefazolin had significantly lower rates of wound and pelvic infections (21% vs. 14%), UTI (21% vs. 9%), and febrile morbidity (20% vs. 14%). They also had shorter LOS and received fewer courses of antibiotics postoperatively. Use of perioperative cefazolin was not accompanied by more side-effects. Three doses of perioperative cefazolin seem to be safe, efficacious, and cost-effective in preventing infection after vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

In vitro palmitate and glucose metabolism in the postmature fetus.

Fetuses from term and postmature rabbits were obtained and their livers incubated with palmitate-1-14C in room air. The net incorporation of the fatty acids into ketone bodies, lipids, and Co2 was measured at fixed and variable concentrations of cold glucose. Data from postmature liver show that lipid synthesis is decreased, 14CO2 production is increased, and ketone body formation is unchanged when compared with data from the term liver. The addition of cold glucose to a constant concentration of palmitate-1-14C causes a slight increase in lipid synthesis in thepostmature liver, in contrast to a decrease in the term liver. The experimental results indicate that liver lipid synthesis and glucose utilization are diminished in the postmature preparation. This suggests that the postmature fetal liver responds to the decreased availability of free fatty acid from the placenta and to the increasing hypoxia by metabolic adaptations resembling those observed during fasting and tissue hypoxia. These changes are somewhat similar to those observed in the neonate before the onset of breast-feeding. Fetal metabolism is, therefore, responsive to changes in placental transfer of fatty acids and to postmaturity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The hypothalamic-pituitary axis in diabetes mellitus.

The hormonal response to LHRH and TRH was evaluated in three groups of male diaetics. Five patients were receiving therapy with the hypoglycemic agent glibenclamide, five were on NPH insulin and five were on dietary therapy alone. When compared to controls, the latter two groups had intact gonadotropin responses to LHRH. Despite normal basal gonadotropin levels, however, the group receiving glibenclamide therapy showed significantly exaggerated LH and FSH responses to LHRH. Both basal PRL and TSH levels, as well as the responses to TRH were normal in all three groups. These results indicate that LH, FSH, TSH and PRL secretion is intact in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. The exaggerated LH and FSH responses to LHRH in the glibenclamide treated subjects are probably related to primary gonadal involvement; alternatively, there may be augmented pituitary gonadotropin secretion in this group.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Normal erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in ten nonhuman primate species.

Normal data on erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity were obtained from ten species of nonhuman primates: Tupaia glis, Galago crassicaudatus, Saimiri sciureus, Papio spp., Theropithecus gelada, Macaca mulatta, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nigra, Hylobates lar entelloides and Pan troglodytes. Significant differences between species were observed with M. mulatta having the lowest activity and G. crassicaudatus the highest. Pan troglodytes and Papio spp. have levels of erythrocytic ALAD activity most closely approximating that of man.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Clindamycin unresponsive anaerobic osteomyelitis treated with oral metronidazole.

A diabetic patient with peripheral neuropathy and a foot ulcer developed osteomyelitis of the foot. Antibiotic therapy of the aerobes isolated from the ulcer resulted in no clinical improvement. Intravenous clindamycin therapy of the anaerobe isolated (Bacteroides fragilis) was associated with an incomplete and temporary response, but there was a dramatic response to oral metronidazole with healing of the ulcer and osteomyelitis. One year later there were no signs of recurrence.

Administration, Oral↗