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Biomedical subjects

M Shalev

Publications and source records attributed to M Shalev.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Chylous ascites imitating acute appendicitis].

Acute accumulation of chyle in the peritoneal cavity is rare. It is usually idiopathic and the diagnosis is made at laparotomy, when indicated because of signs of acute peritonitis. Drainage is the only treatment required and the prognosis is excellent. A 33 year-old man who was operated on for signs of acute peritonitis is described. There was more than a liter of chyle, but no underlying pathological condition was found. 3 months after discharge, physical and laboratory examinations were normal, with no evidence of chylomicron retention disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Intracavernous pharmacotherapy for organic impotence in the elderly].

Vasoactive intracavernous pharmacotherapy (VIP) has become an important tool for the treatment of erectile impotence. The average age of patients treated has been only 59 years and the oldest, 79. We describe the results of VIP in the oldest group of patients described. 28 men, 65-84 years old (average 70), were treated for organic impotence with intracavernous injections of a mixture containing 25 mg/ml papaverine HCl and 0.83 mg/ml phentolamine. Treatment was started with an injection of 0.25 ml of the mixture, with increments of 0.25 ml until there was functional erection, or untip a total of 1.5 ml was injected. Full erection was obtained in 46.5%, while in 40.0% there was a mild nonfunctional erection and in 13.4% no reaction to treatment. The response to the injection was similar in the different etiologic groups. There were no complications, such as prolonged erections or adverse reactions to the drugs injected. We conclude that elderly men seek help in order to have normal sexual function. We therefore think that VIP has a definite place in the treatment of impotence of the elderly.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Acute reversible cataract induced by xylazine and by ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in rats and mice.

Combined administration of ketamine and xylazine is used increasingly for safe, effective anesthesia of small laboratory animals. We found that rats injected systemically with ketamine and xylazine at doses recommended for effective anesthesia developed acute reversible lens opacities. Mice given the same drug doses were similarly affected. Testing of each drug alone demonstrated that xylazine was the causative agent. The appearance of cataract was associated to varying degree with proptosis, suppression of the blink reflex, corneal surface drying, and mydriasis. All of these ocular effects, including cataract also could be induced locally by topical application of xylazine to one eye, with untreated contralateral eyes showing no drug effects. A possible cause of xylazine-induced transient lens opacification is trans-corneal water loss and alteration of aqueous humor composition due to corneal exposure. Additional action on aqueous humor formation and the lens itself may be due to the alpha-2-adrenoceptor nature of xylazine. Whatever the cause of cataract induction, the occurrence of this phenomenon during ketamine-xylazine anesthesia appears to be associated with marked changes in the physiological state of the eye. Therefore, the side-effects of anesthetic drug combination should be considered prior to its use on animals for studies of ocular physiology.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Myxoma of bone in a nonhuman primate.

A myxoma of the mandibles in an adult female Macaca mulatta is described. The left mandible was markedly enlarged by the tumor, which extended from the symphysis to the temporomandibular joint. The tumor had extended a short distance across the symphysis into the right mandible. It was composed of a glistening mucinous material. Radiographs of the tumor showed a large expansile radiolucent lesion of the left mandible without soft tissue involvement. Light microscopy demonstrated capillaries, stellate shaped cells with processes up to 15 mu long, very few other cell types, and an amorphous ground substance. Electron microscopic examination revealed similarity to the myxoma of bone of man. The oxytalan fibers discovered in this myxoma have not been found in myxomas before and suggest the tumor is odontogenic in origin. The incidence of spontaneous neoplasia in general and that of spontaneous oral tumors in particular in nonhuman primates are reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Congenital entropion in a litter of rabbits.

Conjunctivitis and blepharospasm were observed in a litter of four, 2-week-old New Zealand white rabbits. Corneal opacity and neovascularization of the cornea and entropion of the upper eyelids were observed when the rabbits were examined 10 weeks later. Conjunctival cultures of these rabbits yielded normal bacterial flora. Treatment with a steroid-antibiotic ophthalmic ointment did not alter the ocular abnormalities. Surgical correction of the entropion resulted in a complete regression of all clinical signs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Systemic fungal infections in cats.

Pneumonia and ileitis due to Aspergillus spp was diagnosed at necropsy in an adult female cat. In a 2nd cat, Aspergillus spp caused acute focal necrotizing pneumonia. A 3rd cat had severe necrotizing colitis caused by a phycomycete. Two of the cats had clinical signs and pathologic lesion compatible with feline panleukopenia, which probably increase their susceptiblity to fungal infection. The ability of Aspergillus spp and phycomycetes to invade tissue was probably enhance by prolonged treatment of the cats with antibiotics.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Mycotic enteritis in a chameleon and a brief review of phycomycoses of animals.

Rectal prolapse in an adult chameleon was surgically replaced. The animal was given tetracycline and dextrose orally, but became comatose 7 days postoperatively and was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed intussusception of the terminal portion of the colon. Phycomycotic hyphae accompanied by necrosis and a mixed leukocytic infiltrate were found in the area of intussusception.

Animals↗