[4 cases of acquired idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia with IgG type binding complement].
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
M Seino
Publications and source records attributed to M Seino.
[Disturbance of consciousness and visually evoked response].
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Adult↗
Anticonvulsive effect of dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone) on amygdala-kindled seizures in rats and cats.
Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone; DDS), an established anti-leprosy drug, showed anticonvulsive effects in the amygdaloid kindling model of epilepsy. Single doses of the drug in rats (6.25-12.5 mg/kg, i.p.) suppressed the kindled seizures in a dose-dependent manner without overt behavioral toxicity. With repeated oral administration in cats, relatively higher initial doses (13-23 mg/kg) were required to obtain seizure suppression, and neurotoxic signs occurred within a few days with serum drug levels of approximately 20 micrograms/ml. Although dapsone showed anticonvulsive effects in both animal species, the effective serum levels overlapped the toxic levels reported in the clinical treatment of leprosy. In the majority of the cats, however, seizure suppression was maintained even after the discontinuation of dapsone with lower serum levels than those observed at the beginning of the seizure suppression. Therefore, dapsone would be useful as an antiepileptic drug only when long-term anticonvulsive efficacy is demonstrated using smaller doses comparable to those used in the treatment of leprosy.
Amygdala↗
An analytic study of epileptic falls.
The subject of this study was a total of 48 epileptic falls or drop attacks in 15 children, captured by a self-tracking video monitoring system. A fall was defined as a complete loss of the maintenance of either standing or sitting posture, which took place within 1 s. The patients with epileptic falling attacks thus defined fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Through precise analysis of the ongoing sequence from the onset to the completion of the fall, it was possible to classify them into the following four types: (a) tonic type, 9 falls in five patients; (b) flexor spasms type, 25 falls in eight patients; (c) myoclonic-atonic type, 12 falls in three patients; and (d) atonic type, 2 falls in one patient. In contrast to the generally accepted view, it was found that atonic or myoclonic-atonic falls were rather exceptional. Seven of eight children whose falls were categorized as the flexor spasms type, which is reminiscent of infantile spasms in terms of clinical as well as EEG expressions, in fact experienced in their individual history West syndrome before it evolved to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. In particular, the extreme pathophysiological complexity of epileptic falls or drop attacks is stressed.
Adolescent↗
Clinicoelectrographic concordance between monozygotic twins with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy.
Clinical features of a pair of monozygotic male twins, both with severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SME), are described. They were almost completely concordant with respect to seizure onset, clinical seizure symptomatology, interictal, and ictal EEG expressions and seizure prognosis. The existence of such twins suggests the possibility that a genetic factor is determinant in the etiology of this particular epileptic syndrome.
Adult↗
Complex partial status epilepticus provoked by ingestion of alcohol: a case report.
A 27-year-old man had a 5-year history of a peculiar state characterized by clouded consciousness provoked by ingestion of alcohol. The episode was identified electroclinically as nonconvulsive status epilepticus and was activated by ingestion of alcohol. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination during the nonconvulsive status epilepticus showed increased regional cerebral perfusion in the right frontal region. This finding, along with the EEG expressions, supports a cortical origin of the nonconvulsive status epilepticus and a diagnosis of complex partial status epilepticus (CPSE). To our knowledge, this is the first report of a documented case of CPSE during intoxication provoked by alcohol ingestion and also of a SPECT examination during CPSE.
Adult↗
Evidence of secondary epileptogenesis in amygdaloid overkindled cats: electroclinical documentation of spontaneous seizures.
Twenty-four spontaneously occurring convulsive seizures were documented by closed-circuit TV (CCTV)-EEG monitoring in 3 cats subjected to unilateral amygdaloid overkindling for < or = 2 years. Electroclinical manifestations suggested that the seizures originated in the kindled amygdala (AM) (10 seizures in 3 cats), contralateral AM (7 seizures in 3 cats), or ipsilateral frontal cortex (7 seizures in 1 cat). All seizures of AM origin except one occurred during sleep 23 h to 20 days after the last stimulation-induced kindled seizure and culminated in secondarily generalized seizures. The seizures of frontal cortical origin occurred during waking within 1 h of a kindled seizure and remained partial in nature. In seizures of AM origin, ictal patterns at the primary and secondary sites were mirror images of each other, but latency of onset of each seizure stage in seizures of secondary site AM origin was longer than that in seizures of primary site AM origin in 2 of the 3 animals. We conclude that the secondary epileptogenic functional alterations capable of producing clinical seizures do occur in AM-overkindled cats, but the seizures are not entirely independent of the primary kindled site.
Amygdala↗
Attenuation of pressor responses to norepinephrine and pitressin and potentiation of pressor response to angiotensin II by captopril in human subjects.
The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of captopril on cardiochemodynamic responses in 38 normal volunteers (20- to 35-year-old men) to exogenously administered vasopressor substances. Norepinephrine (NE), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 micrograms/kg min-1; angiotensin II (AII), 5, 10, and 20 ng/kg min-1; and pitressin (2 mU/kg min-1) were infused for 10 minutes. Each infusion was reported twice, and the responses were reproducible. Captopril (50 mg by mouth) significantly attenuated the pressor responses to NE and pitressin, but the decrease in heart rate in response to NE and pitressin was almost the same before and after captopril treatment, suggesting that captopril potentiates reflex slowing of the heart. Captopril significantly potentiated the pressor response to AII. Attenuation of pressor response and potentiation of reflex slowing of the heart, in response to NE and pitressin, disappeared when a subdepressor dose of AII (1 ng/kg min-1) was infused in addition to captopril. Infusion of a subdepressor dose of bradykinin (BK), 0.1 microgram/kg min-1, had no influence on the pressor response to NE. In the subjects treated with indomethacin (225 mg/54 hrs), captopril still attenuated the pressor response to NE. These results suggest that captopril attenuates the pressor responses to NE and pitressin primarily by depletion of endogenous AII; decreased AII may desensitize the contraction of arterial smooth muscle and may potentiate the compensatory reflex mechanism.
Adult↗
Interaction of vasopressin and prostaglandins through calcium ion in the renal circulation.
To determine whether the effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on the renal and systemic vessels are modulated by prostaglandins (PGs), AVP (10, 20, and 50 mU/kg/min) was infused into the renal artery before and after treatment with indomethacin (8 mg/kg) in anesthetized rabbits. Arginine vasopressin elicited a dose-dependent increase in systemic arterial pressure and renal vasoconstriction. However, after cessation of the infusion, significant renal vasodilation was observed. Indomethacin potentiated the systemic and renal vasoconstrictor actions and attenuated the renal vasodilator reaction induced by AVP. These results suggest that endogenously produced PGs buffer the vasoconstrictor action of AVP, and the renal vasodilator reaction induced by AVP could be mediated through PGs. Further, to investigate whether the effects of AVP on the systemic and renal vessels are mediated by calcium ion (Ca++), the Ca++ entry blocker nifedipine was used. Intravenous administration of nifedipine (50 micrograms/kg) attenuated the systemic and renal vasoconstrictor action of AVP. The renal vasodilator reaction induced by AVP was also diminished after treatment with nifedipine. These results indicate that the systemic and renal vasoconstrictor actions of AVP are mediated through Ca++ influx into the vascular smooth muscle cells. The present study suggests that Ca++ participates in the AVP-induced vasodilator reaction, itself probably mediated by PGs.
Animals↗
Antihypertensive effect of MK-421 in rats. Role of the renal kallikrein-kinin system.
To study the hypotensive mechanism of the new oral converting-enzyme inhibitor, MK-421, we evaluated the antihypertensive effect of MK-421 in rats with hypertension induced by chronic administration of norepinephrine (NE) or vasopressin and measured urinary kallikrein and kinin excretions as indices of the renal kallikrein-kinin system. When 6 mg/kg/day of MK-421 was administered simultaneously with 1.8 mg/kg/day of NE, the systolic blood pressure of conscious rats rose on Day 1 to only 122.6 +/- 3.4 mm Hg compared with the rise to 146.3 +/- 1.6 mm Hg when NE alone was infused (p less than 0.001). Similarly, when the same dose of MK-421 was administered simultaneously with 7.2 U/kg/day of vasopressin, the systolic blood pressure of conscious rats rose on Day 1 to only 117.4 +/- 3.8 mm Hg compared with the rise to 141.6 +/- 3.4 mm Hg when vasopressin alone was infused (p less than 0.01). The antihypertensive effect of MK-421 was sustained for 6 days in rats infused with NE or vasopressin. Infusion of NE alone resulted in a small but significant increase in urinary kallikrein excretion and no change in urinary kinin excretion. The combined administration of NE with MK-421 induced additional increases in urinary kallikrein and kinin excretions. Vasopressin alone resulted in marked decreases in urinary kallikrein and kinin excretions. The combined administration of vasopressin with MK-421 induced no additional changes in urinary kallikrein and kinin excretion. These results indicate that the hypotensive effect of MK-421 may depend on a reduced sensitivity of the peripheral arteries to vasoconstrictor substances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗