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Biomedical subjects

M Schulte

Publications and source records attributed to M Schulte.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Projection of wing nerves to spinal cord and brain stem of the pigeon as studied by transganglionic transport of Fast Blue.

To see whether there is a topographic organization of forelimb nerves in the CNS of birds, the termination pattern of afferents from wing nerves of the pigeon in the cervical spinal cord and the brain stem was determined by the transganglionic transport of Fast Blue and HRP. Fast Blue turned out to be a very sensitive and nonselective tracer with a wider distribution of terminal labeling than with HRP. Thus, Fast Blue is a useful marker for complete mapping of the terminal fields of peripheral nerves. Despite considerable overlap of the terminal fields of individual nerves the areas of densest labeling were somatotopically organized in the spinal dorsal horn. This organization is very similar to that described for the mammalian forelimb. In the rostral cervical segments all nerves have a projection field in ventromedial parts of the dorsal horn but there is no topographic organization. In the medulla terminal fields appear in the dorsal column nuclei including the external cuneate nucleus and group x near the descending vestibular nucleus. In sharp contrast to mammalian species there is no topographic representation of individual wing nerves in these brain stem areas.

Amidines↗
PubMed1993

[Tumor resection and reconstructive intervention in spinal tumors].

Modern techniques of resection and reconstructive surgery in patients with primary and metastatic spine tumors are presented. These techniques are delineated along an algorithm that allows us to develop an adequate oncological protocol, find a rational approach for preoperative embolization and for tumor resection and choose the proper materials and implants for bridging bone defects. The aim is to achieve short-term and long-term stability, respectively. These principles are illustrated by different examples and our own results in spinal metastasis surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Complementary medicine: are patients' expectations being met by their general practitioners?

Complementary, or alternative, medicine has increased in popularity among patients during the past 20 years. The purpose of this study was to determine whether general practitioners met their patients' expectations with regard to complementary medicine. In a postal survey all 71 accredited general practitioners in the district of Kassel, Germany, received a structured questionnaire about their experience with complementary medicine. Forty (56%) replied. In 10 of these practices 310 patients were interviewed about their attitudes towards and expectations of such treatment. Of the responding doctors 95% used, at least occasionally, some form of complementary medicine (most commonly herbal medicine, neural therapy or homeopathy). All but three patients accepted the value of complementary medicine, 58% of them (especially younger, more highly educated patients and those from rural practices) preferred it to orthodox medicine and 40% of the patients had received some form of complementary therapy. Nearly 70% of the patients requested that complementary medicine be practised by their general practitioner more frequently than at present. There was no significant link between patient satisfaction with the doctor and patients' view of, or demand for, complementary medicine. Although both patients and practitioners were interested in complementary therapy, there was a gap between the willingness, or the ability, of general practitioners to use complementary medicine and the patients' demand for these alternative forms of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quisqualic acid analogues: synthesis of beta-heterocyclic 2-aminopropanoic acid derivatives and their activity at a novel quisqualate-sensitized site.

Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell neurons are sensitized over 30-fold to depolarization by L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutanoic acid (L-AP4) following exposure to L-quisqualic acid. This phenomenon has been termed the QUIS effect. In the present study several novel L-quisqualic acid analogues have been synthesized and tested for their interaction with the different components of the QUIS-effect system. Replacement of the oxadiazolidinedione ring of L-quisqualic acid with several other types of heterocyclic rings yielded the following quisqualic acid analogues: maleimide 2, N-methylmaleimide 3, N-(carboxymethyl)maleimide 4, succinimides 5A and 5B, and imidazolidinedione 6. None of these analogues were able to mimic the effects of L-quisqualic acid and sensitize hippocampal CA1 neurons to depolarization by L-AP4. Also, unlike L-serine O-sulfate, L-homocysteinesulfinic acid, or L-alpha-aminoadipic acid, none of the analogues were able to preblock or reverse the QUIS effect. However, when the IC50 values for inhibition of the CA1 synaptic field potential of analogues 2-6 were determined both before and after hippocampal slices were exposed to L-quisqualic acid, the IC50 values of analogues 3 and 4 were found to decrease more than 7-fold. Thus, these two compounds behave like L-AP4 rather than L-quisqualic acid in this system in that they exhibit increased potencies in slices that have been pretreated with L-quisqualic acid even though they cannot themselves induce this sensitization. Compounds 3 and 4, therefore, represent the first non-phosphorus-containing compounds to which hippocampal neurons become sensitized following exposure to L-quisqualic acid. No change in the IC50 values was observed for 5A or 5B. Analogues 2 and 6, on the other hand, displayed a high potency for inhibition of the evoked field potential even prior to treatment of the slices with L-quisqualic acid.

Aminobutyrates↗
PubMed1992

Nonsynonymous polymorphic sites in the apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV gene are associated with changes in the concentration of apo B- and apo A-I-containing lipoproteins in a normal population.

The aims of this study were to detect polymorphic sites in the apolipoprotein (apo) A-IV gene, to establish their frequencies, to determine potential haplotypes, and to investigate the role of these polymorphisms in lipid metabolism. A sequencing study of four individuals led to the identification of two synonymous mutations (codons 9 and 54) and three nonsynonymous mutations (Val-8----Met, Gln360----His, and Thr347----Ser) and of a VNTR polymorphism within a series of three or four CTGT repeats in the noncoding region of exon 3. Frequencies of these polymorphisms were determined in 291 students by using naturally occurring (BstEII for the synonymous mutation in codon 54, HinfI for Thr347----Ser, and Fnu4HI for Gln360----His) or artificially introduced restriction-enzyme cutting sites (BstEII for the synonymous mutation in codon 9 and MamI for Val-8----Met), subsequent to PCR amplification. The four-base deletion/insertion polymorphism and its localization cis or trans to the mutations in codons 347 and 360 were studied by direct sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA from 87 students. Frequencies of the rarer alleles were .007 for apo A-IV-8:Met, .04 for the synonymous mutation in codon 9, .14 for the synonymous mutation in codon 54, .16 for apo A-IV347:Ser, .07 for apo A-IV360:His, and .39 for the four-base of insertion. Apo A-IV360:His in all cases was cis-localized to the (CTGT)3 repeat and apo A-IV347:Thr; and apo A-IV347:Ser was cis-localized to the (CTGT)4 repeat and apo A-IV360:Gln. Four haplotypes formed from these three polymorphic sites were thus found. The apo A-IV347:Ser allele was associated both with significantly lower plasma apo B concentrations in both sexes and with significantly lower LDL-cholesterol concentrations in men. Heterozygous carriers of apo A-IV360:His exhibited significantly higher concentrations of LDL-cholesterol and lower Lp(a) concentrations, compared with apo A-IV360:Gln homozygotes. We could not confirm the previously reported association of apo A-IV360:His with elevated HDL-cholesterol concentrations. In the population, the Val-8----Met polymorphism was not associated with significantly different lipid concentrations, but in a family study the Met-8 allele was associated with lower HDL-cholesterol and higher LDL-cholesterol concentrations. In conclusion, our results indicate an important role of the apo A-IV gene locus in the metabolism of apo B and, to a lesser extent, apo A-I containing lipoproteins.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Surgical therapy of metastases of the proximal femur and acetabulum].

An analysis of indications and operative techniques was carried out in 166 patients with skeletal metastases of the proximal femur and acetabulum. Complications as well as functional and oncological results clearly show advantages and disadvantages of different methods such as osteosyntheses, standard hip prostheses and tumour prostheses referring to the tumour's localization and extent.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1991

Development of a disability measurement tool for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Report for Children and their Parents.

Two questionnaires were developed for measuring disability due to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), one based on patient reports and one on parent reports. These questionnaires were termed the Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Report for Children (JAFAR-C) and for Parents (JAFAR-P). The questionnaires were administered to 72 JRA patients ages 7-18 years and to their parents. Respondents rated the patient's recent ability to perform 23 activities. Patient reports and parent reports were found to correlate highly with each other and with an objective assessment performed by therapists. Questionnaire scores did not correlate significantly with the age of the patient. The JAFAR appears to be a convenient, reliable, and valid measure of disability in patients with JRA.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Surgical therapy of leiomyosarcoma of the veins. A case report].

Among the rare soft tissue sarcomas the leiomyosarcoma of the veins is only to be found in very few cases. On the basis of a case report the procedure of surgical treatment concerning this tumour is described; usually, in addition to the resection of the compartment a vascular reconstruction is required.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Synthesis of acyclic and dehydroaspartic acid analogues of Ac-Asp-Glu-OH and their inhibition of rat brain N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALA dipeptidase).

The following structural and conformationally constrained analogues of Ac-Asp-Glu-OH (1) were synthesized: Ac-Glu-Glu-OH (2), Ac-D-Asp-Glu-OH (3), Ac-Glu-Asp-OH (4), Ac-Asp-Asp-OH (5), Ac-Asp-3-aminohexanedioic acid (6), Ac-3-amino-3-(carboxymethyl)propanoyl-Glu-OH (7), N-succinyl-Glu-OH (8), N-maleyl-Glu-OH (9), N-fumaryl-Glu-OH (10), and Ac-delta ZAsp-Glu-OH (11). These analogues were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the hydrolysis of Ac-Asp-[3,4-3H]-Glu-OH by N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALA dipeptidase) in order to gain some insight into the structural requirements for the inhibition of this enzyme. Analogues 4-6 and 9 were very weak inhibitors of NAALA dipeptidase (Ki greater than 40 microM), while 2, 3, and 7 with Ki values ranging from 3.2-8.5 microM showed intermediate inhibitory activity. The most active inhibitors of NAALA dipeptidase were compounds 8, 10, and 11 with Ki values of 0.9, 0.4, and 1.4 microM, respectively. These results suggest that the relative spacing between the side chain carboxyl and the alpha-carboxyl group of the C-terminal residue may be important for binding to the active site of the enzyme. They also indicate that the chi 1 torsional angle for the aspartyl residue is in the vicinity of 0 degrees.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Development of a disability measurement tool for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Scale.

A disability assessment tool, the Juvenile Arthritis Functional Assessment Scale, was developed for, and validated in, patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). Standards for this 10-item tool were developed using the scores of 63 normal school children as controls and comparing these results with those of 71 age-matched JRA patients (age 7-16 years). The JRA patients scored statistically significantly higher on the scale, which also demonstrated excellent internal and convergent validity and internal reliability. The test is easily administered in 10 minutes by a physical or occupational therapist in a clinical or office setting. This tool represents the first normalized disability assessment tool developed for JRA patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Heterogeneity of enzyme-altered foci in rat liver.

Enzyme-altered foci (EAF) in liver are assumed to be precursor lesions for tumors in this organ. Results obtained with selected hepatocarcinogens which produce lesions of differing phenotype and growth behavior indicate that not the total number of enzyme-altered cells but rather the proliferation of individual cell clones is of major importance for additional changes leading to malignancy. Analyses including multiple marker enzymes demonstrate a relationship between foci phenotype and proliferation. The inducibility of certain downregulated enzymes in EAF indirectly suggests disturbances in the expression of regulatory genes such as proto-oncogenes. Data on Ha-ras and c-myc proto-oncogene expression in EAF are presented.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗