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Biomedical subjects

M Schuler

Publications and source records attributed to M Schuler.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Purification and Characterization of Microsomal Cytochrome b(5) and NADH Cytochrome b(5) Reductase from Pisum sativum.

In this communication we document the reproducible protocols for the purification of milligram quantities of cytochrome b(5) and NADH-cytochrome b(5) reductase from the microsomal fraction of Pisum sativum. The cytochrome b(5) component of this NADH linked electron transport chain was found to have a molecular mass of 16,400 daltons and the reductase a molecular mass of 34,500 daltons. These components could be reconstituted into a functional NADH oxidase activity active in the reduction of exogenous cytochrome c or ferricyanide. In the latter assay the purified reductase exhibited a turnover number of 22,000 per minute. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the cytochrome b(5) component was determined by sequential Edmund degredation, thus providing crucial information for the efficient cloning of this central protein of plant microsomal electron transfer.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Gastric antisecretory and antiulcer properties of enprostil, (+/-)-11 alpha, 15 alpha-dihydroxy-16-phenoxy-17,18,19,20-tetranor-9-oxoprosta- 4,5,13(t)-trienoic acid methyl ester.

Prostaglandins of the E series have been shown, both in animals and humans to produce gastrointestinal antisecretory and antiulcer effects. Enprostil, a modified allenic prostaglandin E was found to be a highly potent inhibitor of gastric HCl secretion in a variety of species. In rats, in which both the pylorus and esophagus were ligated, p.o. ED50 values and 95% CL for inhibiting acid secretion evoked by histamine, pentagastrin and carbachol were 9.9 (6.7-15), 40 (11-145) and 0.83 (0.78-0.89) micrograms/kg, respectively. In inhibiting histamine-evoked acid secretion, enprostil was more potent when administered p.o. than when injected into the duodenum or s.c. When enprostil was injected directly into the pouch of Heidenhein dogs, intense antisecretory activity occurred, ED50 = 0.9 (0.7-1.1) micrograms/kg, whereas, when given p.o. to the main stomach the ED50 was 6.6 (3.2-13.6) micrograms/kg. Administration of cimetidine either p.o. or to the pouch resulted in virtually identical ED50 values, viz., 2.9 and 3.1 mg/kg. Enprostil also inhibited dimaprit- and pentagastrin-induced acid secretion in cats with permanent gastric fistulae. The oral ED50 values for inhibiting acid secretion evoked by these two secretagogues were 2.5 (1.4-4.3) and 0.8 (0.5-1.5) micrograms/kg, respectively. Enprostil was extremely potent in preventing indomethacin plus "cold stress" ulcers in rats. When given orally the ED50 was 0.61 (0.31-1.22) and s.c. it was 22 (9.0-52) micrograms/kg. It was also highly potent in preventing cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers when given p.o., ED50 = 20 (17-23) micrograms/kg. Thus, enprostil is a highly potent antisecretory and antiulcer agent. It appears to act topically; directly at gastric mucosal sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Digital radiography--methods and clinical application].

The term "Digital Radiography" covers all x-ray techniques which produce a projected image with the help of digital imaging techniques, which are very similar to a conventional x-ray film image. The advantage of "Digital Radiography" is the possibility of digital image processing, like the subtraction technique, the selective material filtering technique and the quantitative image plotting technique. With the equipments now in use, the digital projected image is produced by the line or on an even level. One example of the in-line projected image is the so-called "topogram", produced via computed tomography equipment. With the help of an x-ray video chain, it is possible to produce digital images on an even level. This technique is used, for example, for "digital video subtraction angiography" (DVSA). Today, digital radiography is clinically used only in the "DVSA" and the "topogram" systems. A survey of the clinical use and the improved future possibilities of digital radiography is given, and the special features of the method are discussed.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1984

Synthesis and central nervous system properties of 2-[(alkoxycarbonyl)amino]-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines.

A series of 2-[( alkoxycarbonyl )amino]-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines was prepared and evaluated for central nervous system (CNS) effects (antidepressant, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and depressant) in animal models. Some separation of those CNS activities was achieved through substitutions on the phenyl and imidazoline moieties. Halo-substituted phenyl compounds were among the most potent antidepressants in this series, while imidazole N-alkylation produced compounds with increased depressant effects (loss of righting reflex, mouse behavior). Comparison of in vitro and in vivo data for pairs of 2-[(methoxycarbonyl)amino]-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines and their parent, 2-amino-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines, suggests that the title compounds were prodrugs for the 2-amino-4(5)-phenyl-2-imidazolines in inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of arterial complications after renal transplantation.

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to study arterial complications following renal transplantation in 33 patients. The results were compared with clinical follow-up and in three cases with conventional angiography. In 9 per cent using DSA (3 cases) we experienced inadequate visualization of the renal arteries of the graft; in 91 per cent, the visualization was diagnostically sufficient. In 53 per cent, we discovered an arterial stenosis of the main artery or segmental artery and in one case an AV-fistula. No morbidity resulted during the procedure. We consider DSA to be the best non-invasive method in the evaluation of patients with suspected renal artery stenosis following kidney transplantation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Control of reconstructive vascular surgery using digital subtraction angiography (DSA)].

100 patients were evaluated by DSA after vessel reconstructions by surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The visualization of the proved vessels was very good or good in 92%, sufficient in 6% and without diagnostic value in 2%. Patency of grafts and postoperative vascular abnormalities like stenoses, occlusions or aneurysms were well demonstrated. According to our results, DSA is an excellent semi-invasive method with a high accuracy for postoperative evaluation of vascular reconstructions.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Digital subtraction phlebography].

The usefulness of digital subtraction angiography of the venous system, which we have termed "digital subtraction phlebography (DSP)" was demonstrated in the region of the vena cava, the pelvic veins and the veins of the arms. DSP is especially of diagnostic value in the region of the vena cava and pelvic veins and offers no advantage in the veins of the lower extremities compared to conventional phlebography. DSP is a time--and cost--saving method, furthermore minor concentrations of contrast media are needed.

Aorta, Thoracic↗
PubMed1983

[Significance of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the evaluation of reconstructive vascular interventions].

The author examined 160 patients by means of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) after reconstructive vascular surgery. The checkup aimed to controlling the functional capacity of arterial and venous bypasses, of thrombal endarterectomy (TEA) and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The image quality of the examinations was good or very good in 138 cases and satisfactory in 19 cases in respect of the questions to be solved. In 3 cases, no information of diagnostic value was obtained. Vascular wall irregularities, stenoses, occlusions, dissections and aneurysms could be assessed with satisfactory display of anatomic details. Evidently DSA yielded a higher percentage of better results in the assessment of reconstructive vascular surgery than was obtained by pretherapeutic diagnosis in the region of the vessels, head, trunk and body periphery.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

Sexual counseling for the spinal cord injured: a review of five programs.

Sexual counseling programs for the spinal cord injured (SCI) have received relatively less focus than other areas of sexual counseling. This article examines five programs that have been described in the literature and compares their formats to guidelines proposed for the treatment of sexual dysfunction in the nonphysically disabled. Comparisons reveal that programs for the SCI devote relatively more attention to 1) education and information, 2) attitude change, and 3) prescribing changes in behavior than other areas.

Attitude↗
PubMed1976

Double-stranded ribonucleic acid in Agaricus bisporus.

Double-stranded ribonucleic acid present in virus-infected mushrooms of Agaricus bisporus has been resolved through polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into six molecular-weight forms. Identification of these six double-stranded ribonucleic acids in mushrooms by this procedure has proven to be a useful and diagnostic method for viral infection in the cultivated mushroom.

Agaricales↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aspirin induces apoptosis through release of cytochrome c from mitochondria.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) reduce the risk for cancer, due to their antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects. A critical pathway for apoptosis involves the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, which then interacts with Apaf-1 to activate caspase proteases that orchestrate cell death. In this study we found that treatment of a human cancer cell line with aspirin induced caspase activation and the apoptotic cell morphology, which was blocked by the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk. Further analysis of the mechanism underlying this apoptotic event showed that aspirin induces translocation of Bax to the mitochondria and mitochondrial release of cytochrome into the cytosol. The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria was inhibited by overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and cells that lack Apaf-1 were resistant to aspirin-induced apoptosis. These data provide evidence that the release of cytochrome c is an important part of the apoptotic mechanism of aspirin.

Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones↗