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Biomedical subjects

M Schroll

Publications and source records attributed to M Schroll.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Social situation of the 70-year old population in the past and present. A cohort comparison of 70-year old men and women born in 1987 and 1914 in Glostrup].

A cohort comparison between two different populations of 70 year-olds in Glostrup studied in 1967 (230 men and 210 women) and in 1984 (412 men and 392 women) was conducted for the purpose of identifying differences in social background factors known to have influence on health and the quality of life of old people. The findings show, that from 1967 to 1984, the standard of housing had improved. Significantly more 70 year-olds had better housing conditions with bath, toilet, kitchen and central heating in 1984 (65-92%). Women in the 1914 cohort had significantly longer education and a larger proportion were employed outside the home than in the 1897 cohort. Another significant cohort difference found was a tendency toward earlier retirement in the order of 2-3 years. This was seen for both sexes and all occupational groups. Since the two populations of 70 year-olds in Glostrup differ with regard to both social conditions and on health variables, this cohort comparison offers a useful starting point for research on how living conditions in combination with other factors affect health and aging.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Health status of the 70-year-old population in the past and present. A cohort comparison of 70-year old men and women born in 1987 and 1914 in Glostrup].

A cohort comparison between two different populations of 70 year-olds in Glostrup who had health examinations in 1967 (230 men and 210 women) and in 1984 (412 men and 392 women) was conducted with the purpose of describing changes in health variables among old people during a period of falling mortality for both men and women. From the 1967 investigation to the 1984 investigation there was a significant improvement of the cardiovascular risk profile (i.e. body mass index, blood pressure, serum cholesterol, glucose tolerance) which is consistent with other such investigations. In contrast to these findings, symptoms of chronic conditions (angina pectoris, intermittent claudication and bronchitis) as well as the need for health care were the same in the two populations of 70 year-olds. In addition, the 1914 cohort reported a more pessimistic outlook with regard to their general health and greater consumption of medicine. The results of this investigation are consistent with expectations regarding changes in risk factors and mortality in older generations. The consequences of the falling mortality for morbidity and functional ability in a life perspective are, however, still uncertain, and cannot be evaluated alone from results such as these.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Diet and dietary supplements of the elderly in Denmark].

In 1988-1989, 202 men and women aged 70-75 years and living in the Municipality of Roskilde participated in a dietary interview investigation. The investigation revealed that the diets of elderly persons contained a great deal of fat as 41% of the energy came from fats. The protein intake was adequate while the intake of carbohydrates, including dietary fibers was low. As regards the intake of vitamins and minerals in the diet, the supplies of vitamin A and calcium were sufficient and the vitamins B1, B2 and C and iron were acceptable. On the other hand, the intake of vitamin B6 and vitamin D were low as compared with the recommended values. 10-15% of the elderly persons ate very little and were at a particular risk of developing deficiency conditions because the low energy intake was associated with an absolutely lower nutrient intake. Elderly persons who eat least constituted a composite group as regards social background, physical activity, relative weight and self-assessment of health. 62% of the elderly persons took one or more dietary supplements daily with vitamins and minerals (corresponding to one vitamin tablet daily). No differences were observed between the users' and non-users' average intake of nutrients via the diet. The persons who employed dietary supplements thus did not have any particularly low intake of nutrients so that they had special dietary requirements.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A dietary study of the elderly in the City of Roskilde 1988/89. Methodological aspects of the relative validity of the dietary history method.

In winter 1988/89, 194 elderly adults (96 men and 98 women, aged 70-75 years) were interviewed, using the dietary history method. The relative validity of a dietary history method used in this elderly population was assessed. The record of intake of energy and nutrients from the dietary history method was compared with that obtained in the same group by means of a 3-day food record completed during the same period. For daily intake of energy and nutrients, the differences in mean intake were generally below 15%. But mean differences were significant for energy, fat, dietary fiber, and calcium. The two dietary methods correlated well for energy and nutrients. Pearson's correlation coefficient varied from 0.80 (dietary fiber) to 0.24 (vitamin A). The two methods classified about half of the subjects similarly into tertiles for energy and most nutrients. Gross misclassification occurred for 2-17% of the subject. Agreement between the two methods were poorest for vitamin A. The results suggest that the dietary history method may be inadequate for determining the exact level of mean and distribution of dietary intake in a group or the precise intake of an individual. But the method could be used to test differences in means between groups and to rank subjects as to their dietary intake within the study.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

A dietary study of the elderly in the city of Roskilde 1988/89. Methodological aspects of the relative validity of the dietary history method.

In winter 1988/89, 194 elderly adults (96 men and 98 women, aged 70-75 years) were interviewed, using the dietary history method. The relative validity of a dietary history method used in this elderly population was assessed. The record of intake of energy and nutrients from the dietary history method was compared with that obtained in the same group by means of a 3-day food record completed during the same period. For daily intake of energy and nutrients, the differences in mean intake were generally below 15%. But mean differences were significant for energy, fat, dietary fiber, and calcium. The two dietary methods correlated well for energy and nutrients. Pearson's correlation coefficient varied from 0.80 (dietary fiber) to 0.24 (vitamin A). The two methods classified about half of the subjects similarly into tertiles for energy and most nutrients. Gross misclassification occurred for 2-17% of the subject. Agreement between the two methods were poorest for vitamin A. The results suggest that the dietary history method may be inadequate for determining the exact level of mean and distribution of dietary intake in a group or the precise intake of an individual. But the method could be used to test differences in means between groups and to rank subjects as to their dietary intake within the study.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Early retirement among the 1914 population in Glostrup. Significance of social and health problems in choosing early retirement].

In the population investigation in Glostrup, the 1914 population was examined at the ages of 50, 60 and 67 years. A total of 141 participants at the 67 years examination (106 men and 35 women) stated that they had chosen early retirement prior to transition to old age pensions. The social and health circumstances of these early retirees at the ages of 50 and 60 years are compared with the circumstances in the 243 persons in the cohort (154 men and 89 women) who remained occupationally active until the age for old age pensioning. In the group of early retirees, unskilled men predominated. Out of those who found the occupational environment stressful at the ages of 50 or 60 years, a majority subsequently chose early retirement. Significantly more of the men with abnormal findings in the heart and lungs at the health examinations subsequently chose early retirement. Where the remaining health variables were concerned, no connection could be found with subsequent choice of early retirement. Where the health conditions at the age of 60 years were concerned, a tendency for more frequent choice of early retirement was observed in men with a series of abnormal conditions in the lungs and intestinal tract but no distinct tendency was observed in women. Where both sexes were concerned, an increasing tendency to subsequent choice of early retirement was observed with increasing incidense of cardiovascular risk factors at the age of 60 years. Data concerning low back pain at the age of 60 years did not reveal any connection with subsequent choice of early retirement but may suggest early elimination of persons with low back pain.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Results from a comparative dietary assessment in Europe: II. Feasibility of pooling individual-based dietary data between countries.

Dietary investigations in four central European survey populations carried out in the German Democratic Republic, Poland and Denmark between 1982 and 1984 using different methodologies were analysed in order to assess the possibilities of characterizing the dietary habits of individual survey participants in a comparable fashion. This was done with the view of assessing the feasibility of a pooled cancer cohort study. For this purpose a method has been devised to combine dietary information derived by food frequency questionnaires and quantitative recording methods into a quantitative characterization of individuals' habits. A comparable characterization between different cultural settings could be demonstrated for a selected list of food items. The selection was determined by the food items considered in common in the different food frequency questionnaires and yielding sufficient and comparable variation as well as absolute amounts of intake. This was more clearly found for food items such as 'fruit' which experience a concise role in dietary habits. However, the observed discrepancies of the different dietary methods within the countries, and, most importantly, between the countries, result in distributions of average daily consumption values which are not deemed to be comparable.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The relation of spinal x-ray to low-back pain and physical activity among 60-year-old men and women.

X-ray findings in the thoracic and lumbar spine from 666 60-year-old men and women from a general population were related to anamnestic data and physical measurements. Disc degenerations were significantly more common among those with low-back pain (LBP) compared with those without. The corresponding calculated predictive values stressed the importance of taking precaution in interpreting the radiologic findings in the clinical situation. In several instances, there were significantly more positive (abnormal) radiologic findings among those with the heaviest work. Disc degeneration and scoliosis were particularly frequent in this regard. Absolute weight and body mass index was significantly higher in persons with spondylosis. The fingertip-floor distance was greater with higher frequency of spondylosis and L4 disc degeneration.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1982

Possible association between DNA sequences flanking the insulin gene and atherosclerosis.

The proportion of subjects homozygous for DNA restriction fragments of a large size class (U alleles), in the polymorphic region flanking the 5' end of the insulin gene of chromosome 11, was higher in a group of non-insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients than in normal controls. This finding confirms that the U allele is associated with at least one form of NIDDM. The U alleles were also found to be strongly associated with macroangiopathy in diabetic as well as in non-diabetic subjects. Thus, DNA sequences contained in the U alleles might be associated with the development of atherosclerosis in an as yet unknown way.

Alleles↗