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Biomedical subjects

M Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to M Schmid.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Frequency of Ag-stained nucleolus organizer regions in the acrocentric chromosomes of man.

The Ag-stainability of the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) was studied in the acrocentric chromosomes identified by Q-banding of cultured lymphocytes in 51 karyotypically normal persons (31 males and 20 females). A consistent pattern of Ag-positive NORs was found in each individual. Ninety percent of individuals have a model number of 8--10 Ag-positive NORs per cell. The frequency of Ag-positive NORs is similar in all five acrocentrics. A statistically nonsignificant lower frequency is found in chromosome 22. Ag-negative NORs on both homologues were found in four cases. The observed frequency distribution of individuals with homozygous NOR-positive, heterozygous, and homozygous negative acrocentric chromosomes was in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg law in all five pairs of the acrocentric chromosomes as well as in total. No sex difference was observed on our material.

Cell Nucleolus↗
PubMed1977

[Radioimmunoassay of fibrinopeptide A: double antibody method].

A radioimmunoassay kit was used for measurement of human fibrinopeptide A in plasma. The "charcoal technique" was replaced by the more precise double-antibody method. The possibility of automation allows a shortening of the time for performing the assay and a more general clinical use. Normal values and preliminary results of patients with septic disorders and of a hemophilic patient with antibodies to factor VIII which is substituted by pro-coagulation factors (FEIBA) are reported.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1977

[Dihydralazine-induced acute hepatitis with IgM deficiency].

Two patients with IgM-deficiency developed acute, recurrent HB3-Ag negative hepatitis with bridging necrosis following ingestion of low daily doses of dihydralazine. The association between the drug and the liver disease appears probable, as recurrence of hepatitis followed each exposure. One patient developed high titers of antimitochondrial antibodies and the other low titers of antibodies against smooth muscles. The relationship between IgM-deficiency and dihydralazine hepatitis is not clear. Investigation of patients with IgM-deficiency for drug hypersensitivity and liver disease may provide additional information.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1977

[Early diagnosis of hepatic duct carcinoma].

8 patients with carcinoma of the hepatic duct are presented. Despite symptoms during the long anicteric period (2-13 months, x 15 months) the diagnosis was never established until the patients became jaundiced. Early in the course of the diseases all of them reported upper abdominal pain and intermittend diarrhea, and the test for occult blood in the stool was positive. Initially there may be no biochemical evidence of cholestasis. Liver biopsy may at an early stage reveal pseudoxanthoma cells as an index of long-lived, local mechanical cholestasis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

HLA antigens in 16 families with xeroderma pigmentosum.

Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disease. HLA-A and -B typing was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes and platelets. Sixteen Tunisian families were typed with 37 patients and 108 relatives. Genetic transmission of the disease and of the HLA system seemed to be independent in this study. Comparison of HLA gene frequencies between (unrelated) parents of patients and a control population showed no difference, proving that there is no clear association in populations between deleterious XP genes and a particular HLA gene. However, an excess of identical HLA among pairs of diseased siblings would suggest that the disease is polymorphic and a form of the XP could be linked to HLA.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1977

[Hepatic insufficiency - clinical picture].

Hepatic insufficiency results from extreme derangement of liver cell function. Pathophysiology and clinical picture of this syndrome are briefly discussed; the latter correlate rather poorly with laboratory data - the poorest correlation existing between clinical picture and bioptic findings. Acute hepatic insufficiency may occur in the course of every pathological process involving the liver, it does however arise most often in severe viral hepatitis with widespread disintegration of liver cells and in toxic liver damage. Chronic hepatic insufficiency is typical for the final stages of cirrhosis of the liver. Measurement of coagulation factors has proved to be the best prognostic parameter in hepatic failure.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1976

Secific arrangement of chromosomes in the spermiogenesis of Gallus domesticus.

On the chromosomes of the rooster the constitutive heterochromatin (C-bands) is to be found for the most part at the centromeres. The position of the centric heterochromatin in spermatids and sperm is not randomly distributed. In early, round spermatids one heterochromatic block lies at this exact position on the membrane that develops into the tip of the sperm nucleus (acrosomal chromocenter). During the elongation of the spermatid nucleus another heterochromatic block comes to lie on the basal nuclear membrane. The other centromeres arrange themselves tandem-wise between the acrosomal and the basal chromocenters. Comparisons have been made between this specific arrangement and the location of chromosomes in the sperm of amphibians and mammalians.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1976

The relationship of a specific chromosomal region to the development of the acrosome.

In early spermatids of Urodeles the chromosome segments bearing constitutive heterochromatin are localized in one half of the round nucleus; this region becomes the basal part of the long nucleus of the spermatozoon. The euchromatic chromosome segments extend toward the anterior nuclear pole in a bouquet configuration (Macgregor and Walker, 1973). In the course of spermiohistogenesis, one of the heterochromatic regions (the acrosomal chromocenter) migrates from the basal part to the anterior half of the spermatid nucleus. This heterochromatic block is identical with a species-specific, definite C-band in the karyotype. This relationship between the acrosomal chromocenter and a specific chromosomal C-band was established in Triturus cristatus, T. marmoratus, T. alpestric and Cynops pyrrhogaster. In closely related species this particular C-band lies on similar chromosomes. - While the spermatid nucleus still retains its round shape the acrosomal chromocenter despiralizes into a long heterochromatic thread (acrosomal thread). Precisely at the position of this thread the nucleus evaginates and acquires a pear-like shape. During the elongation of the nuclear protrusion the acrosomal thread remains associated with the anterior end. At termination of spermiogenesis it lies closely below the acrosome in the tip of the spermatozoon. Spontaneous aberrations which affect the acrosomal chromocenter or the thread lead to the development of spermatozoa with defective tips. - Several euchromatic segments, interspersed between the heterchromatic segments, can be recognized in the completely despiralized acrosomal thread. Genes responsible for the morphogenetic activities of both, the acrosomal chromocenter and the acrosomal thread, in the development of the spermtip, might be localized in these interspersed euchromatic segments. The existence in higher vertebrates of an acrosomal chromocenter or an equivalent chromosomal region is discussed.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1976

[Liver metastases: diagnostic value of blood tests, scintiscanning, and laparoscopy (author's transl)].

In 90 patients with known extra-hepatic malignancy the liver was examined for metastases. The diagnostic value of clinical information, blood examinations, 99mTc scintiscan, and laparoscopy for the diagnosis of the liver metastases was evaluated. Clinical data (age, sex, time since onset of symptoms and localisation of primary tumor) are of no diagnostic value. The most reliable blood tests are alkaline phosphatase (AP) and GOT. The probability of liver metastastases rises with increasingly abnormal values of AP and GOT. However, the probability is not much greater in cases with highly abnormal values than in cases with only moderate elevation of AP and GOT. Diagnostic accuracy of AP is optimal by using a cutoff point of 76 U/l (sensitivity 79%, specificity 64%). Bilirubin, prothrombin time, haemoglobin and blood sedimentation rate are of very little value. Combinations of AP with these blood tests does not improve diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, it is not useful to determine more blood tests than AP alone. Informed reading of liver scans has a specificity of 75% and a sensitivity of 91%. Blind reading of scans has a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 95%. This diagnostic accuracy cannot be improved by additional blood tests. Laparscopy has a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 95%. Scanning and laparoscopy are complementary methods. When optimal diagnostic accuracy is required both methods should be used.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Classification and infectiousness of chronic hepatitis B, defined by the Dane particle in the blood and virus components in the liver].

55 HBAg seropositive patients with chronic hepatitis B selected from a total of 217 liver biopsies were studied for the presence of HBcAg and HBsAg in the liver tissue and of Dane particles in blood by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Among 27 patients with non-aggressive chronic inflammation the following constellations were found: a) 19 patients (13 with nonspecific reactive hepatitis, 6 with chronic persistent hepatitis) had isolated HBsAg expression in the tissue (HBs type) and of these only 2 had rare Dane particles; b)4 patients (all with histologically very active chronic persistent hepatitis) with focal HBc- and HBsAg tissue expression (HBc+s type) and detectable Dane particles in blood; c)4 patients (1 with nonspecific reactive, 3 with chronic persistent hepatitis) with generalized HBcAg (and focal HBsAg) expression (HBc type) and multiple Dane particles in blood. Among 22 patients with aggressive inflammation (19 with chronic aggressive, 3 with "hippie"-hepatitis) focal HBcAg tissue expression (HBc+s type) was found in 17 cases and absence of HBcAg in 5 (3 with focal HBsAg, 2 completely negative by immunfluorescence), all 22 associated with Dane particles in blood, however. In a group of 6 immunosuppressed kidney transplant recipients exhibiting a high concentration of Dane particles in blood 5 patients had generalized HBcAg tissue expression (HBc type) in association with non-aggressive inflammation (1 nonspecific reactive and 4 chronic persistent hepatitis). One patient had chronic aggressive hepatitis in conjunction with focal HBcAg expression (HBc+s type). The consistent association of detectable HBcAg formation in the liver and presence of supposedly infectious Dane particles in blood has a bearing on the evaluation and classification of chronic hepatitis B. On the basis of a positive focal (HBc+s type) or generalized HBcAg tissue demonstration (HBc type and/or the direct identification of Dane particles in blood, discrimination of possibly highly infectious forms from those of low or even no infectivity has been rendered possible. This duality applies mainly to clinically and histologically benign non-aggressive forms of hepatitis presenting with a carrier state or chronic persistent hepatitis. On the basis of these and earlier findings a hypothetical concept of chronic hepatitis is presented which possesses proven diagnostic and prognostic applicability to routine liver biopsies. It is also capable of shedding new light on contradictory findings in the literature and serving as a basis for prospective epidemiologic studies.

Antilymphocyte Serum↗