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Biomedical subjects

M Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to M Schmid.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[The cardioprotective effect of verapamil in acute percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty].

Verapamil improved the ischemic tolerance of the myocardium in experiments in animals. Therefore, 20 patients were examined during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of a proximal LAD stenosis in order to evaluate the ability of verapamil to improve the ischemic tolerance in man. Before the second dilatation, 1 mg verapamil was given intracoronarily to 10 patients, the other 10 patients received placebo ic. Before and after each of the three inflations, blood samples were obtained from the coronary sinus in five patients of each group to analyze the contents of lactate, pyruvate, and pH. Verapamil caused a significant prolongation of the inflation from 58 +/- 12 s to 83 +/- 20 s. This effect was persistent also during the following inflation (96 +/- 19 s). The onset of angina was delayed (p less than 0.05). ST-wave elevations and T-wave amplitudes were smaller after verapamil, in spite of the increased duration of inflation, as compared with the control group. The time until ST elevations of 0.1 mV occurred was increased from 17 +/- 3 s to 57 +/- 18 s (p less than 0.05). The increase in lactate in coronary sinus blood was less pronounced after verapamil (48% of control; p less than 0.05). Intracoronary verapamil before PTCA of the LAD improved the ischemic tolerance of the poststenotic myocardium significantly as evaluated by measurements of electrocardiographic and metabolic parameters. No side effects occurred during the injection of verapamil into the left coronary artery.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Extra-pulmonary complications in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections].

It is not rare that extrapulmonary complications and not pneumonia dominate the clinical picture in infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, as is illustrated by three cases. In the first, a young woman developed an acute, but ultimately completely reversible, polyradiculitis after a Mycoplasma pneumonia. The second patient sustained a thoracic transverse myelitis which regressed rapidly and completely under treatment with erythromycin and prednisone. In the third one, the Mycoplasma pneumonia was complicated by a generalized hypersensitivity vasculitis affecting many organs. A largely reversible renal vasculitis was demonstrated angiographically.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[SGPT determination as a routine screening procedure in blood donors?].

Liver biopsy was carried out in 103 patients with elevated transaminases. In 46 patients (44.5%) histological examination produced the diagnosis of a chronic persistent non-A, non-B hepatitis, whereas in 57 patients (55.5%) steatosis was found. Laboratory findings showed that SGOT is of little use in distinguishing these two diseases. SGPT and the SGOT/SGPT quotient indicate the existence of a CPH-NANB in 93.5 and 89% respectively. We therefore conclude that SGPT should be determined in all blood donors as indirect screening to identify carriers of NANB.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Herpes simplex encephalitis with cerebral hemorrhage].

In a 20-year-old woman with herpes simplex encephalitis the dominant feature was an intracerebral bleeding which was diagnosed by computed tomography in the initial stages of the disease. Since lesions in herpes simplex encephalitis typically present in the CT as hypodense zones in which petechial bleedings may occur, it is likely that the bleeding in this patient was caused by an inflammation in the area of an histologically confirmed arteriovenous angioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The fragile site (17)(p12): induction by AT-specific DNA-ligands and population cytogenetics.

The rare fragile site at 17p12 can be induced in lymphocyte cultures with the AT-specific DNA-ligands distamycin A, DAPI, Hoescht 33258 and berenil. The optimum culture conditions for the experimental induction of fra(17)(p12) were studied. There are indications that fra(17)(p12) is a late-replicating chromosome region in which AT-rich DNA is located. The fragile site also occurs spontaneously in cell cultures of most fra(17)(p12) carriers. A population screening of 250 unselected individuals showed that the frequency of carriers heterozygous for fra(17)(p12) is 2%. The results are compatible with a population being in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with respect to fra(17)(p12) and its non-fragile allelomorph. Neither the heterozygous nor the homozygous condition of fra(17)(p12) have any deleterious effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The fragile site (16)(q22). II. Sister chromatid exchanges.

In the lymphocytes of heterozygous carriers of the rare autosomal fragile site (16)(q22) an exceptionally high frequency of sister chromatid exchanges was demonstrated at the induced fragile site by means of simultaneous berenil and BrdU treatment of the cultures. The rate of sister chromatid exchanges at q22 is also increased in the fragile chromosome 16 by treating the cells with BrdU alone. The possible reasons for the preferential occurrence of induced and spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges at fra (16)(q22) are discussed.

Bromodeoxyuridine↗
PubMed1987

Chromosome banding in amphibia. XI. Constitutive heterochromatin, nucleolus organizers, 18S + 28S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in Ascaphidae, Pipidae, Discoglossidae and Pelobatidae.

The karyotypes of 14 species of Anura from 9 genera of the suborders Amphicoela, Aglossa, Opisthocoela and Anomocoela were analysed with various banding techniques and conventional cytogenetic methods. The 18S + 28S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes were localized by means of in situ hybridization. No Q-, R- and G-banding patterns in the euchromatic segments of the metaphase chromosomes could be demonstrated in any of the species; this does not seem to be caused by a higher degree of spiralization of the amphibian chromosomes, but by the special DNA organization in these organisms. In most karyotypes, constitutive heterochromatin is present at centromeres, telomeres and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), but rarely in interstitial positions. The heterochromatic regions are either quinacrine positive and mithramycin negative or vice versa. All species examined possess only one homologous pair of NORs: these display the brightest mithramycin fluorescence in the karyotypes. Many specimens exhibited unequal labelling of the two NORs both after silver and mithramycin staining as well as after in situ hybridization with 3H-18S + 28S rRNA. In four species, between one and six chromosome pairs with homologous 5S rRNA sites could be identified. The 5S rRNA genes and the 18S + 28S rRNA genes are closely linked in two species. In the male meiosis of the Amphicoela and Opisthocoela, there are intersitial, subterminal and terminal chiasmata in the bivalents, whereas only terminal chiasmata are observed in the bivalents of the Aglossa and Anomocoela. No heteromorphic sex-specific chromosomes could be demonstrated in any of the species. The differential staining techniques revealed that the chromosomal structure in these four suborders is largely the same as in the highly evolved anuran suborders Procoela and Diplasiocoela.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1987

[Value of palpation and mammography in primary breast cancer. A retrospective study 1973-1982].

The value of palpation findings and mammography in 596 patients with primary breast cancer was investigated. The most frequent symptom (86.1%) was the lump. The primary tentative diagnosis came from the patient in 63.4% of the cases, from the physician in 28.9% of the cases, and only after mammography in 7.7% of the cases. False-negative palpation findings and false-negative mammography findings were observed in 9.9% and 5.0% of cases respectively. There was a clear dependence on the tumor stage. Carcinomas that were first diagnosed by means of mammography manifested a five-year survival rate of 82.6% and a recurrence rate of 15.2%. Carcinomas that were first discovered by the patient or the physician reached a five-year survival rate of 67.7% and 70.6% respectively. Here, too, the recurrence rate was higher, at 26.2% and 22.1% respectively. The data show that the carcinomas that were first suspected mammographically were smaller and manifested lymph node metastases more rarely. In order to reduce the number of false-negative findings the physician performing a mammography or assessing X-ray films should himself submit the breast in question to a thorough palpatory examination.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The chromosomes of Micromys minutus (Rodentia, Murinae). II. Pairing pattern of X and Y chromosomes in meiotic prophase.

Both light and electron microscopy were used to study the pairing behavior of the sex chromosomes of the harvest mouse, Micromys minutus, in surface-spread pachytene spermatocytes. The XY pairing pattern is very exceptional in that the site of synaptic initiation is located interstitially in the short arms of the X and the Y, next to their centromeric regions. From this tiny euchromatic site, synapsis proceeds unidirectionally along the homologous heterochromatic short arms of the X and the Y toward the ends of the chromosomes. After pairing of the short arm is concluded, synapsis begins between the nonhomologous long arms of the X and the Y in the immediate vicinity of the centromeres and progresses unidirectionally toward the end of the long arm of the Y. A synaptic complex develops between the constitutive heterochromatin of the long arm of the Y and the euchromatin of the long arm of the X. Analysis of C-banded and distamycin A/DAPI-stained diakineses revealed a trefoil-like XY bivalent, which was interpreted to be the result of an interstitial chiasma occurring in the paired short arms of the X and the Y. A conspicuous, electron-dense body, about 1 micron in diameter, was found closely associated with the centromeres of the X and the Y in numerous pachytene spermatocytes. A review of the literature showed that comparable XY-associated bodies have been found in only eight other mammals to date.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of CD1 molecules on thymus cells and leukemic T lymphoblasts identifies discrete phenotypes and reveals that CD1 intermolecular complexes are observed only on normal cells.

We looked at the surface expression of the three distinct human thymic cell surface differentiation antigens, CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c, that presently define the first cluster of differentiation (CD) on the cells from 34 patients with acute T cell malignancies. We also studied the expression of other T cell-restricted molecules, including the T cell receptors, on these cells. Our results confirm the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of the cells from acute T cell malignancies, which contrast with the more limited phenotypic diversity of subacute or chronic T cell malignancies. Our study of normal children and fetal thymus cells shows that the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity of the malignant cells reflects the heterogeneity of the thymic subpopulations and shows that most of the phenotypes observed on malignant T cells have a normal counterpart, particularly in the fetal thymus. Moreover, we demonstrate that the CD1a molecules, which can form three different types of noncovalent intermolecular complexes on the surface of normal thymus cells, do not form any noncovalent intermolecular complexes on the surface of leukemic cells. We also show that CD1a molecules can form covalent intermolecular complexes with CD8 molecules on some but not all malignant cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

[HLA markers and complotypes: risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus?].

Sixteen simplex and two multiplex families of subjects presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied and compared with 108 controls. The frequency of A1, B8 and DR3 alleles reported in the literature was not confirmed. Only the DR3 (chi 2 = 5.45, p less than 0.02, RR = 2.53) and CW4 (chi 2 = 6.72, p less than 0.01) alleles, not yet described by other authors, were noted as being associated with SLE. The DR3 C21 BFS C4 AQ0B1 B8 A1 haplotype was not found with statistically significant frequency (chi 2 = 2.55, p = NS). The distribution of haplotypes within the multiplex families confirmed the absence of link between the major histocompatibility complex and systemic lupus erythematosus. Finally, the association of a null allele of complement was confirmed (chi 2 = 5.08, p less than 0.05), but only the C4 BQ0 allele was associated with SLE (chi 2 = 12.27, p less than 0.001, RR = 3.78) instead of the C4 AQ0 allele reported in the literature as being associated with SLE. Some of the CMH alleles are thought to constitute a risk factor of SLE. The presence of silent alleles of complement (C2 Q0, C4 AQ0 and C4 BQ0) seems to play a decisive role in the occurrence and expression of this disease.

Adult↗