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Biomedical subjects

M Schmid

Publications and source records attributed to M Schmid.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Cloning of chicken interferon regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2) cDNA: expression and mapping of the IRF-2 gene.

A cDNA clone encoding a member of the avian interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family homologous to mammalian IRF-2 was isolated from cDNA library from poly[rI:rC]-induced chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). The deduced amino acid sequence shows a characteristic DNA binding domain of 124 amino acids at the amino-terminal end with 96.8% identity to human and 96% to mouse IRF-2. Identities in the C-terminal part are 77.5% and 77%, respectively. Identity to all other known members of the chicken IRF (Ch-IRF) family is distinctly lower. In C32 cells, an IRF-2 mRNA of 2.4 kb is constitutively expressed in very low amounts but is inducible by Ch-IFN in the absence or presence of cycloheximide. The Ch-IRF-2 gene is a single copy gene and was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization to the long arm of chromosome 4.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Incidence of diploid and disomic sperm nuclei in 45 infertile men.

Sperm cells from 45 infertile patients were investigated for disomy rates of chromosomes 1, 7, 10, 17, X and Y as well as for diploidy by single- and double-target in-situ hybridization. The patients who attended the infertility clinic were aged 23-46 years. Semenograms showed that the patients had oligo-, astheno-, oligoastheno-, oligoterato-, oligoasthenoterato-, or asthenoteratozoospermia. The average disomy rates determined in the patients were similar for all chromosomes, ranging from 0.10% (chromosome Y) to 0.14% (chromosomes 10 and X). Diploidy was detected with a mean incidence of 0.1%. With the exception of two patients who exhibited significantly increased diploidy rates of 0.35 and 1.6%, neither disomy nor diploidy was increased in the group of infertile patients as compared to healthy, fertile males.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Nuclear targeting of incoming human foamy virus Gag proteins involves a centriolar step.

The pathways used in the transport of retroviral genomes to the nucleus are poorly identified. Analyzing the intracellular localization of incoming foamy viruses, we have found that the Gag antigens and the viral genome accumulate in a distinct perinuclear domain identified as the centrosome. Colchicine treatment completely abolished pericentriolar targeting of human foamy virus (HFV) proteins, suggesting a role for microtubules in the transport of the incoming viral proteins to the centrioles. Finally, we demonstrate that, similarly to human immunodeficiency virus DNA, HFV DNA can enter the nucleus of G1/S-phase-arrested cells, although no viral gene expression can be observed. Recent observations have demonstrated that foamy viruses have several features not shared by other retroviruses. The intracellular route of the incoming Gag antigens may constitute a new specificity of this class of viruses.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1997

Assignment of the chicken MAX gene to chromosome 5p by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

It has been shown that the protein encoded by the MAX gene plays an important role in the physiological activity of Myc oncoproteins. In this study, we determined the chromosome location of the chicken MAX gene via fluorescence in situ hybridization. Hybridization of two biotinylated cloned fragments of 5.7 kb and 12.0 kb derived from the chicken MAX locus localized the gene to chromosome 5p. It is the third gene marker to be assigned to this telocentric macrochromosome. Since the MAX sequence is highly conserved both at the nucleotide and at the amino acid level in a wide range of vertebrate species, our data may provide evidence for the existence of a segmental homology between human and chicken chromosomes.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

The two human organic cation transporter genes SLC22A1 and SLC22A2 are located on chromosome 6q26.

Polyspecific transporters for organic cations (OCT) belong to a new protein family which also include organic anion transporters. The first human transporters from this family (OCT1, OCT2) have been recently cloned. They translocate small cations like tetraethylammonium, choline and monoamine neurotransmitters and are involved in hepatic and renal cation excretion, respectively. We have localized the OCT1 and OCT2 genes (SLC22A1, SLC22A2) on chromosome 6q26.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1997

[Postoperative follow-up in patients with partial Whipple duodenopancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis].

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Physicians and surgeons essentially agree today that chronic pancreatitis must primarily be treated conservatively. The aim of surgery in chronic pancreatitis is the treatment of symptoms. Surgical treatment cannot be a causal therapy for chronic pancreatitis. If surgery is indicated at all. Whipple's operation is considered to be the gold standard. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1973 and 1992, out of a total of 700 patients referred to the surgery University Department in Mannheim with the express purpose of having an operation for chronic pancreatitis, duodenopancreatectomy (Whipple's operation) was performed in 110 cases. 58 of these patients were followed up postoperatively and the results have been compared with preoperative findings. RESULTS: All patients returned to full or only slightly impaired activity. 60% took up work again, 40% retired after the operation with a mean age of 49 years. 38 patients (66%) were totally free of pain, 13 patients (22%) had less pain than preoperatively and only seven (12%) often need analgesics postoperatively because of abdominal pain. Preoperatively there has been a history of long-standing excessive alcohol use in 32 (55%) patients, in the postoperative period there was a significant reduction to only three (5%) patients. 40 patients clinically examined were in a sufficient nutritional condition. Exocrine function of the pancreas (stool chymotrypsin and fluorescein dilaurate test) showed an insufficiency in 20 (71%) of 28 cases. The preoperative exocrine function of the pancreas was not examined in most cases. Examination of endocrine function showed diabetes mellitus treated with insulin occurring preoperatively in six (10%) patients and in 21 (36%) patients postoperatively. CONCLUSION: As chronic pancreatitis very often is concentrated in the head of the pancreas, Whipple's operation seems to be a good procedure for pain relief and concerning late results of life quality and socioeconomic situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Sex differences in disease course: analysis of the Swiss HIV cohort study].

The Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS) is a prospective multicentre study of HIV-infected adults. Participants have been followed up at six-monthly intervals since 1988. The purpose of the present study was to examine sex differences in developing AIDS-defining events and in survival among participants of the SHCS (1042 women, 1507 men). A statistically significant higher risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was evident among women. This difference was particularly pronounced in 1989 (hazard ratio 2.11, p = 0.01). Other opportunistic events and survival showed no statistically significant sex differences. The results are compatible with slower introduction of PCP prophylaxis among women. A reason for this may be that women were less likely to be enrolled in clinical trials than men. This hypothesis will be examined in a further study.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

Transcriptional regulation of the MHC class I HLA-A11 promoter by the zinc finger protein ZFX.

Regulation of the human MHC class I HLA-A11 promoter is governed by a complex array of regulatory elements. One of these elements, shown here to be critical for the transcriptional activity of the promoter, was used to screen a lambda gt11 library and allowed the identification of a cDNA which coded for the zinc finger protein ZFX. ZFX was shown to bind the sequences AGGGCCCCA and AGGCCCCGA, located respectively at positions -271 to -263 and -242 to -234 of the HLA-A11 promoter, with similar affinities through its three C-terminal zinc fingers. ZFX575, a short isoform of ZFX, activates transcription from the HLA-All promoter in a Leydig cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The intron-containing ribosomal protein-encoding genes L5, L7a and L37a are unlinked in chicken.

Chicken ribosomal protein (rp)-encoding genes are currently being studied at the nucleotide level and three independent recombinant phages have been isolated from chicken genomic libraries using cloned cDNA probes. Each of these was shown to include an intron-containing rp gene of chicken (L5, L7a, L37a). In this study the chromosomal location of these three intron-containing rp from the large subunit of the chicken ribosome was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. L7a mapped to a microchromosome, whereas L5 and L37a mapped to macrochromosomes 8 and 7, respectively. The results demonstrate that these functionally related genes are widely dispersed in the genome. Furthermore, as in the case of many other evolutionarily advanced eukaryotes, there is no apparent linkage of rp and rRNA genes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Candidiasis of the liver following successful chemotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia (Fab type 6) and recovery with oral fluconazole therapy].

The spectrum of disseminated candidiasis includes both an acute and chronic presentation. In contrast to the acute form, chronic disseminated candidiasis (hepatosplenic candidiasis) often occurs late after granulocytopenic episodes in patients undergoing chemotherapy, usually for acute leukemia. We discuss a female patient who underwent extensive successful chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB type 6) and who developed chronic hepatosplenic candidiasis 19 months later. Therapy with amphotericin B and flucytosine was not successful and a cure was effected only after long-term oral fluconazole treatment. Diagnostic problems, possible reasons for the observed failure of amphotericin B treatment, and the current use of fluconazole in disseminated candidiasis are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Malonate decarboxylase of Klebsiella pneumoniae catalyses the turnover of acetyl and malonyl thioester residues on a coenzyme-A-like prosthetic group.

During aerobic growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae on malonate, a soluble malonate decarboxylase is induced. Malonate decarboxylation consumes a proton (not H2O) and forms acetate and CO2 (not HCO3-) as products. The enzyme was purified 56-fold to apparent homogeneity. It has a native molecular mass of 142 kDa and consists of four subunits alpha, beta, gamma and delta with molecular masses of 65, 34, 30, and 12 kDa, respectively. Two different forms of the enzyme were recognised: a catalytically inactive SH-enzyme and the catalytically active acetyl-S-enzyme which is formed by post-translational acetylation of the SH-enzyme with ATP, acetate and a specific ligase. The acetyl-S-enzyme was converted into the SH-enzyme by incubation with hydroxylamine or dithioerythritol. Chemical reacylation of the SH-enzyme, which restores catalytic activity, was achieved with acetic anhydride or more efficiently with malonyl-CoA. This acylation of the SH group was prevented after incubation with various thiol-specific reagents. After incubation of the SH-enzyme with iodo[1-14C]acetate, the delta subunit became specifically labelled. This subunit was also labelled after incubation of the acetyl-S-enzyme with [2-14C]malonate. The radioactivity was completely liberated from the protein upon malonate addition. These results indicate that the delta subunit is the acyl-carrier protein of the complex and that malonate decarboxylation proceeds in two steps: the acetyl residue on the ACP is first replaced by a malonyl residue which subsequently undergoes decarboxylation thereby regenerating the acetyl-S-ACP. The binding site for the acyl residues on the acyl-carrier protein was shown to be 2'-(5"-phosphoribosyl)-3'-dephospho-CoA after alkaline cleavage of this prosthetic group from the enzyme and chromatographic as well as mass spectroscopic analyses.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1996

[Homograft implantation in heart surgery].

In order to fulfill in the field of cardiothoracic surgery the obligations of patient-care and research in a university facility according to the international standard it is nowadays absolutely necessary to run a homograft bank. Implantation of an allograft is a preferable choice for a number of different operations, i.e. in aortic valve endocarditis, complex congenital heart disease, Ross' operation and others. Furthermore, in children, women of childbearing age and patients in whom anticoagulation is contraindicated, heart valve replacement with allografts has become routine. The most important advantages of allografts are the excellent hemodynamic qualities and the low risk endocarditis. Anticoagulation is not necessary, because there is no risk for thromboembolism or hemolysis. For the patients mentioned above, these factors are decisive for their quality of life and their prognosis. Because of the shortage of donor organs and the priority of heart transplantation over allograft harvesting, the use of allografts should be limited to the above mentioned indications, mechanical and bioprothetic valves and, just lately available, bioprothetic valves from autogenous pericardium are appropriate.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Sequential treatment of recurrent mesenteric desmoid tumor.

BACKGROUND: The optimal management of inoperable desmoid tumors is still unclear. We report a 26 year-old female patient with familial adenomatous polyposis suffering from a recurrent inoperable intraabdominal desmoid tumor and its sequential treatment. METHODS: Treatment strategies included low-dose tamoxifen (30 mg orally per day), high-dose tamoxifen (90 mg orally per day), and a subsequent combination of goserelin acetate (3.6 mg subcutaneously once every four weeks) plus low-dose tamoxifen, medroxyprogesterone acetate (1000 mg orally per day) and interferon gamma (3 Mio IU subcutaneously 3 times a week). RESULTS: The combination of goserelin acetate and low-dose tamoxifen resulted in a decrease in tumour size and a complete relief of symptoms for 17 months. Thereafter the tumor progressed and again growth was stopped with interferon gamma therapy for another 6 months. All other treatment modalities had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates long-term regression of a desmoid tumor with combined endocrine therapy using goserelin acetate plus tamoxifen. Tumor progression after 17 months was again stopped by a combination of interferon-gamma and goserelin acetate.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗