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Biomedical subjects

M Schimmel

Publications and source records attributed to M Schimmel.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Castration cells in rat adenohypophysis after long-term alcohol consumption.

Histological and ultrastructural changes of hypophyseal gonadotropic cells of rats which received a 15% solution of ethyl alcohol for 6 months were studied. Light microscopy revealed hyperplasia and hypertrophy of these cells; some contained a vacuole of varying size. Ultrastructural analysis showed that this vacuole originated from, and anastomosed with, dilated cisternae of the granulated endoplasmic reticulum. Vacuolated cells in the pituitary of alcoholized rats were identical with cells observed after surgical or chemical castration. The development of these alcohol-induced castration cells is achieved in four stages. The first stage was characterized by beginning hydropic degeneration and other still reversible alterations. Cells in the second and third stages seemed already irreversibly on their way to decay. The fourth stage was represented by typical signet-ring cells. Our results offer a morphological basis to the adoption of a biphasic effect of alcohol on gonadotropic secretion.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

Acute effect of inorganic iodide after 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism.

Patients treated with inorganic iodide weeks to years following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism do not adapt to its antithyroid effect. To determine whether such adaptation occurs soon after 131I therapy, serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were measured daily for 9-14 days following 131I therapy in seventeen hyperthyroid patients. Nine patients received 150 mg KI daily starting 48 h after 131I administration; eight received only 131I. Serum T4 and T3 concentrations did not change significantly in the patients who received only 131I. In the patients who received 131I and KI, serum T4 and T3 concentrations fell promptly, reaching nadir values 2-10 days after initiation of iodide, and then increased despite continuation of KI therapy. The mean maximal fall in serum T4 was 34% and in serum T3 42%. These results show that "escape" from the acute anti-thyroid effect of iodide occurs when it is given immediately after 131I therapy, thus limiting the utility of iodide as a therapeutic agent at this time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Thyroidal and peripheral production of thyroid hormones. Review of recent findings and their clinical implications.

There are two biologically active thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Most T3 is produced extrathyroidally, so that alterations in circulating thyroid hormone concentrations may occur as a result of both thyroidal and extrathyroidal abnormalities. Extrathyroidal T4 conversion to T3 is decreased in patients with different acute and chronic illnesses. When T4 conversion to T3 is impaired and serum T3 concentrations decline, serum concentrations of biologically inactive 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) increase. In this review, we present current information on thyroidal and extrathyroidal T4 and T3 production in normal subjects and patients with various thyroid diseases and other illnesses, consider the physiologic significance of these changes, and discuss the value and interpretation of various iodothyronine measurements.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1976

Pituitary-thyroid regulation in euthyroid patients with Graves' disease previously treated with antithyroid drugs.

To understand why some patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease remain euthyroid after a course of antithyroid drug therapy, pituitary-thyroid regulation was studied in 20 such patients who had remained well for six months or longer after the withdrawal of antithyroid drugs. Only patients who were clinically euthyroid and had normal serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were studied. Serum TSH responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid suppression were determined in all patients. Seven patients had normal responses to both tests. Six patients had a subnormal response to TRH and abnormal suppression. Five patients had a subnormal response to TRH and normal suppression, and two patients had a normal TSH response to TRH and abnormal suppression. There were no differences in the mean serum T4, T3 or TSH concentrations between any of the groups. The mean duration of time after antithyroid drug withdrawal was 19 months in the patients in whom both tests were abnormal, whereas it was 58 months in those in whom both tests were normal and 45 months in those with a subnormal TSH response to TRH and a normal suppression test. Thus, in 13 of the 20 patients studied, various degrees of abnormality of pituitary-thyroid regulation were demonstrable. These results suggest that, in most patients with Graves' disease who remain clinically and biochemically euthyroid after a course of antithyroid drug therapy, the disease persists in a mild or subclinical form.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

When altruism fails: reactions of unrelated bone marrow donors when the recipient dies.

This article examines the responses of bone marrow donors to the death of the unrelated person to whom they donated. Data analyzed were 330 questionnaires and fifty in-depth interviews collected from donors in the National Marrow Donor Program at one year post-donation. Death of the recipient produced feelings of guilt and responsibility in the donors in only a few cases (2% of donors from questionnaire data and 2 of the 23 donors interviewed). Grief occurred often (22 of 23 donors interviewed) and was often surprisingly intense, given the fact that the recipient was a stranger. Intensity of grief varied depending on the perceived relationship with the recipient. Our data indicate that limiting contact and/or information about the recipient to the donor would be unlikely to result in more positive psychosocial outcomes. However, several strategies which might be useful in relieving donor guilt and/or grief are suggested.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invasive cervical thymoma masquerading as a solitary thyroid nodule. Report of a case studied by fine needle aspiration.

A 49-year-old woman underwent fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy of a presumed thyroid nodule. The initial cytopathologic interpretation suggested a chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis or a malignant lymphoma. The examination of frozen sections during surgery also suggested the presence of a lymphoma. However, histopathologic examination of permanent sections showed the lesion to be an invasive ectopic lymphocyte-predominant thymoma adjacent to the thyroid. Immunoperoxidase staining of FNA cell block sections and permanent sections showed positivity for keratin, proving the epithelial nature of the elongated and spindle-shaped tumor cells. This case high-lights the need to be aware of unusual lesions that may occur in the area of the thyroid; recognizing the potential diversity of "thyroid" masses that ultimately prove to be of nonthyroid origin should aid in making the correct cytologic differential diagnosis and interpretation of FNA samples obtained from such masses.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psammoma bodies in fine needle aspirate of the thyroid in lymphocytic thyroiditis.

Psammoma bodies are concentric, laminated microcalcifications that are regarded as nearly specific markers in the thyroid gland for the presence of papillary carcinoma. While psammoma bodies have been seen rarely in some benign thyroid diseases, there appear to be no reports of psammoma body formation in lymphocytic or Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We report a case of Hashimoto's thyroiditis in which psammoma bodies were identified in a fine needle aspiration specimen of the thyroid and in histologic sections of the right thyroid lobectomy; papillary carcinoma was not found in either specimen. We conclude that psammoma bodies may be seen in any benign process, such as nodular goiter or lymphocytic thyroiditis, that produces reactive papillary hyperplasia of thyroid epithelium, as well as in papillary carcinoma. However, the finding of psammoma bodies in a fine needle aspirate without corroborating cytologic evidence of papillary cancer is still an indication for surgical removal of the thyroid nodule since these structures are reliable markers for occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, despite the rarity of their formation in benign diseases.

Adult↗