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Biomedical subjects

M Scheibel

Publications and source records attributed to M Scheibel.

17 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Magnetic resonance analysis of the subscapularis muscle after open anterior shoulder stabilization].

PURPOSE: Analysis of the magnetic resonance imaging of the subscapularis musculotendinous unit (SSC) after primary and revision open shoulder stabilization and their correlation with the clinical function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study, 13 patients (mean age of group A: 36.5 years) after primary and 12 (mean age of group B: 34.2 years) after revision open stabilization underwent postoperative MRI of the shoulder. The digital data was analyzed with respect to the vertical und transverse diameters (V[slashed circle], T[slashed circle]) in a defined image slice. A signal intensity analysis was performed (infraspinatus/subscapularis signal-to-noise ratio = ISP/SSC SNR). The clinical examination included the SSC tests and signs and the Constant and Rowe score. Twelve healthy volunteers (group C) served as the control. RESULTS: From group C to group B, the mean V[slashed circle] of the SSC decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as did the mean T[slashed circle] of the cranial part of the SSC muscle (= crSSC) (p < 0.05). The mean T[slashed circle] of the caudal part of the SSC muscle (= caSSC) did not differ significantly between all groups (p > 0.05). The ISP-SSC SNR was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the crSSC of groups A und B than in group C. In the caSSC, the SNR increased in groups A and B. In 53.8 % of group A and 92.3 % of group B, clinical signs of SSC insufficiency were found. There was no significant difference between the Constant and the Rowe score in both groups (p > 0.05). Complete tendon ruptures were not observed in any case. CONCLUSIONS: MRI enables semi-quantitative analysis of the postoperative changes of the subscapularis muscle. The decrease of the ISP/SSC SNR points to a fatty degeneration in the crSSC. The results provide indications of the causes of the clinical dysfunction of the subscapularis musculotendinous unit after open shoulder stabilization.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Current procedures for clinical evaluation of the shoulder].

Successful treatment of any pathologic condition of the shoulder requires an accurate diagnosis. Physical examination represents an integral part in the assessment of shoulder disorders. Pain, loss of strength, decreased range of motion and instability are the most common symptoms that can be caused by a great variety of different shoulder pathologies. Therefore, a sophisticated clinical approach is essential. A standardized evaluation including different diagnostic tests and clinical signs improves diagnostic accuracy by specifically examining one component of the shoulder complex. In most cases a careful physical examination will establish or suggest a diagnosis and special investigative techniques such as imaging procedures can be applied more selectively for confirmation or further evaluation of the pathological entity.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Prognostic indexes in breast cancer: comparison of the Nottingham and Adelaide indexes.

The search for single independent prognostic factors in breast cancer has often produced conflicting results. Therefore, prognostic indexes have been compiled by combining several parameters. In this study we compare the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI), which is based on traditional prognostic factors (diameter of the neoplasm, lymph node status and histological grade) with the Adelaide Prognostic Index (API), which is based on the tumour diameter and two biological parameters: oestrogen receptors and cell kinetics. We considered 82 cases of breast cancer observed over the period 1987-1990 with a minimum follow-up of 60 months. The NPI gives a better definition of the prognostic profile for each patient. Our results indicate three prognostic groups (good, moderate, unfavourable), which differ with respect to disease-free survival (DFS; P=0.0024) and overall survival (OS; P=0.0033). In contrast, the API scores showed no significant correlation with OS or DFS. The use of prognostic indexes, especially when compiled using traditional parameters, is a useful aid to the clinician, since they can provide a reliable indication of how individual tumours will evolve.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Osteochondral autologous transplantation for the treatment of full-thickness articular cartilage defects of the shoulder.

We performed eight osteochondral autologous transplantations from the knee joint to the shoulder. All patients (six men, two women; mean age 43.1 years) were documented prospectively. In each patient the stage of the osteochondral lesion was Outerbridge grade IV with a mean size of the affected area of 150 mm2. All patients were assessed by using the Constant score for the shoulder and the Lysholm score for the knee. Standard radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging and second-look arthroscopy were used to assess the presence of glenohumeral osteoarthritis and the integrity of the grafts. After a mean of 32.6 months (8 to 47), the mean Constant score increased significantly. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed good osseointegration of the osteochondral plugs and congruent articular cartilage at the transplantation site in all but one patient. Second-look arthroscopy performed in two cases revealed a macroscopically good integration of the autograft with an intact articular surface. Osteochondral autologous transplantation in the shoulder appears to offer good clinical results for treating full-thickness osteochondral lesions of the glenohumeral joint. However, our study suggests that the development of osteoarthritis and the progression of pre-existing osteoarthritic changes cannot be altered by this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Breast cancer in young women: clinicopathological features and biological specificity.

Literature data suggest that breast cancers occurring in young patients may be different from those arising in older women. In this study the clinicopathologic characteristics of 50 patients under 40 years of age were compared with those of patients aged over 60. Patients under 40 years old more frequently had a family history of breast cancer than did older patients (24% vs 17%) and had more often used oral contraceptives (29% vs 13%); on average they had experienced menarche 1 year earlier. For early onset breast carcinomas there was a higher frequency of grade 3 tumours (38% vs 17%) and oestrogen receptor negativity (46% vs 20%). In addition, in younger patients the carcinomas were mostly DNA aneuploid (78% vs 58%), with a higher proliferation rate (48% vs 26%) and more frequent c-erbB-2 overexpression (48% vs 26%) and p53 alteration (30% vs 8%). Our data demonstrate that breast cancers arising in young women have a significantly different biopathological profile from those in older patients, with a predominance of unfavourable prognostic parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Primary adrenal angiosarcoma].

Primary angiosarcomas of the adrenal gland are extremely rare neoplasms, first described in 1988. We report the twentieth case, incidentally discovered in a 60 year-old male. The main histological features were epithelioid appearance and immunohistochemical co-expression of endothelial markers and cytokeratin by neoplastic cells. The potential diagnostic pitfalls of these morphological characteristics are discussed. The patient underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy and is free of tumour recurrence three years after surgery.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed2001

[Synovial chondromatosis presenting as soft tissue mass].

Primary synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition characterized by the formation of hyaline cartilaginous nodules; pathogenesis is not fully understood. A soft tissue mass is an even more rare presentation of synovial chondromatosis. Histologically the condition shows some atypical features that suggest a malignant process. We describe a case of primary synovial chondromatosis presenting as soft tissue mass.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Antianginal efficacy of the combination of felodipine-metoprolol 10/100 mg compared with each drug alone in patients with stable effort-induced angina pectoris: a multicenter parallel group study. The TRAFFIC Study Group.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this randomized, double-blind, parallel group trial was to compare the antianginal and antiischemic efficacy of a combination tablet of felodipine-metoprolol 10/100 mg once daily with both drugs given separately once daily in patients with stable effort-induced angina pectoris. The secondary objective was to compare the tolerability of the 3 treatments. METHODS: The main criteria for inclusion were stable effort-induced angina pectoris for at least 2 months before the enrollment and a positive bicycle exercise test result. Patients were allocated to once-daily treatment with either felodipine-metoprolol 10/100 mg, felodipine 10 mg, or metoprolol 100 mg. The duration of active double-blind treatment was 4 weeks. There were 3 primary efficacy variables in the study; time until end of exercise, time until onset of chest discomfort, and time until 1-mm ST depression during a standardized exercise test. RESULTS: The number of patients randomized was 397. There was a statistically significant improvement in time until end of exercise with felodipine-metoprolol 10/100 mg compared with metoprolol 100 mg (P =.04) and felodipine 10 mg compared with metoprolol 100 mg ( P =.03). However, for time until onset of pain or time until 1-mm ST-depression there were no significant differences among the treatment groups. At highest comparable workload, ST depression was less pronounced with felodipine-metoprolol than with metoprolol alone (P =.04), and the rate-pressure product was significantly lower in the groups receiving felodipine-metoprolol and metoprolol than in the group receiving felodipine alone. The combination and metoprolol were better tolerated than felodipine alone. CONCLUSIONS: In stable angina pectoris, the combination felodipine-metoprolol 10/100 mg and felodipine 10 mg alone increased exercise time compared with metoprolol 100 mg. The combination tablet and metoprolol 100 mg alone showed a more favorable tolerability profile than felodipine 10 mg alone.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1997

Early postinfection antiviral treatment reduces viral load and prevents CD4+ cell decline in HIV type 2-infected macaques.

Reports of significant reductions in plasma viral load by anti-HIV drugs have raised the possibility that antiviral therapy, if initiated sufficiently early, may result in sustained control of infection and prolonged clinical benefits. We evaluated the effects of intervention coincident with infection using an antiviral nucleoside, d4T, in Macaca nemestrina infected with a highly pathogenic isolate of HIV-2 (HIV-2[287]). Infection with this virus reproducibly results in high viremia and rapid CD4+ cell depletion, allowing a sensitive measurement of the treatment effect on viral load and clinical outcome. Compared to the control group, d4T-treated macaques showed significantly lower (2-3 log10) plasma- and cell-associated viral load. No CD4+ cell decline was observed in the treatment group while on therapy with d4T whereas CD4+ cells of control macaques declined from a preinfection mean of 32% of PBMCs to below 10%. Notably, when d4T treatment was withdrawn after 16 weeks, five of the six macaques continued to control viral load and have maintained normal CD4+ cell level for more than a year. These results demonstrate that early antiviral intervention, even of a limited duration, may constitute an important strategy against lentiviral-induced disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Development of a chronically catheterized maternal-fetal macaque model to study in utero mother-to-fetus HIV transmission: a preliminary report.

The lack of a representative animal model that permits frequent in utero fetal blood sampling is a major limiting factor for the study of maternal-fetal HIV transmission. Therefore, we have developed a maternal-fetal virus infection model using chronically catheterized macaques to simultaneously study the time-course of viral infection in the mother and the response of the fetus to maternal HIV infection. Pregnant macaques were infected with 10(3) infectious units of HIV-2(287); every 3 days blood samples from both the mother and the fetus as well as amniotic fluid samples were collected. We found a varying degree of peak and time-to-peak virus load, virus-infected PBMCs, and free virus (determined by QC-RNA-PCR method) in maternal blood. Two of the three mothers with more than 10(8) copies of viral RNA/ml of plasma at peak viremia transmitted the virus to their fetuses at about 14 days post-infection. As observed with HIV-2(287) infected mothers, virus-infected fetuses also produced a rapid rate of CD4+ cell decline in utero.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Eicosanoid production by intrauterine tissues before and after labor in short-term tissue culture.

Prostanoid production by intrauterine tissues from pregnant and non-pregnant women has been studied intensively over the last decade. Little is known about the lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA). The production of prostaglandins and HETEs by pregnancy specific human tissues was investigated in a short-term culture system. Tissue samples were obtained after uncomplicated pregnancies from placenta, fetal membranes and decidua of deliveries before (n = 6) and after the onset of labor (n = 8) and incubated for 1 hour in oxygenated HBSS. In the supernatant, PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2 were measured with RIA and 15-, 12- and 5-HETE with HPLC and UV-detection. The main AA-metabolite in all tissue incubations was 12-HETE. Decidua produced 12 to 28 times more prostaglandins than placenta and fetal membranes with 6-keto-PGF1 alpha as the main metabolite. The main cyclooxygenase derivative measured from placenta and fetal membrane incubations was TXB2. After labor, fetal membranes showed an increase in total prostaglandin (significant for PGE2) and a decrease in HETE synthesis. The physiologic significance of 12-HETE in reproduction is still poorly understood, but a shift in AA metabolism from HETEs to prostaglandins may be involved in the initiation of labor. Furthermore, these results point to different roles of the tissue compartments within the pregnant uterus for the parturition process.

12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Macaque CD4+ T-cell subsets: influence of activation on infection by simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIV).

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infects a small number of CD4+ T cells including "memory" T cells. The following describes the cell surface markers which may delineate subsets of CD4+ memory T cells and reviews how memory CD4+ T cells are activated and regulated through the T-cell receptor and such accessory receptors as CD28. The factors which may influence initial expression and infection of T cells by CD4 are discussed. Unlike activated and infected T cells, unstimulated CD4+ T cells have little or no SIV DNA detectable in the genomic fraction, but key activation signals may promote integration of viral DNA in memory T cells. Bacterial superantigens (SuperAg) can promote increased levels of SIV viral DNA in mature and immature T cells. Immunodeficiency virus products such as gp120, Nef, and Tat can affect CD4+ T-cell function. Whereas Nef can reduce expression of CD4, Tat reduces the expression of CD28. We hypothesize that the lack of expression of key accessory molecules on CD4 lineage T cells infected with immunodeficiency viruses may make infected T cells more susceptible to recall-antigen-induced programmed cell death.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cardiac disease in patients with reversible cerebral ischemic events.

The establishment of a possible association between ischemic cerebral attacks and prolapsing mitral valve has been studied in 45 consecutive patients aged 60 years or less with transient cerebral ischemic attacks and reversible ischemic neurological deficits. The study comprised cardiac history, auscultation, electrocardiography and echocardiography. We found only one patient (2%) with mitral valve prolapse but 19 patients (42%) with cardiac abnormalities. Two of the patients with cardiac abnormalities had a flail posterior mitral leaflet, one had ventricular septal defect and one had sclerotic aortic valves. We conclude that all patients with transient cerebral ischemic attacks should be subjected to heart examination, if possible including echocardiography.

Adult↗