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Biomedical subjects

M Schachter

Publications and source records attributed to M Schachter.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Purification and partial characterization of cat colon and submandibular gland kallikreins.

Kallikreins from cat colon and submandibular gland have been purified by acetone fractionation of tissue extracts, DEAE-Sephacel ion-exchange chromatography, rho-aminobenzamidine Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. They were of similar M.W., approximately 40,000, and each comprised five forms by isoelectric-focusing (pI 4.1-4.8). Both enzymes were potent kininogenases and exhibited similar specificities with synthetic ester and amide substrates. They were susceptible to a range of protease inhibitors. Surprisingly, neither was sensitive to aprotinin yet both were partially inhibited by soya-bean trypsin inhibitor. They were indistinguishable in our immunological tests. An acidic esterase (pI 2.2-3.5) of M.W. 120,000 was isolated from cat stomach by the same procedure. While it exhibited weak immunologic similarity to cat submandibular gland kallikrein, it had negligible kininogenase activity and different substrate and inhibitor specificities to the two kallikreins. It is concluded that similar tissue kallikreins are present in the colon and submandibular gland of the cat but are distinct from this cat stomach esterase.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Purification and partial characterization of cat pancreatic and urinary kallikreins--comparison with other cat tissue kallikreins and related proteases.

Kallikreins have been purified from cat pancreas and urine by methods similar to those described previously for cat colon and submandibular gland kallikreins. The pancreatic kallikrein (M.W. 41,200, pI 4.75) was similar to the urinary kallikrein (M.W. 34,300 pI 4.35-4.70) in pH optimum, substrate specificity and inhibition profile. Both enzymes were potent kininogenases and immunologically similar. These enzymes closely resembled the kallikreins from cat colon and submandibular glands. A trypsin (M.W. 18,800) was isolated from cat pancreas and shown to be distinct from the group of kallikreins in all parameters tested. We attempted purification of cat renal kallikrein, but were unable to isolate any such enzyme. The major acidic esterase of cat kidney cortex (M.W. 59,000, pI 4.91) was purified and was distinct from both the cat tissue kallikreins and trypsin. The origin of cat urinary kallikrein remains unclear, but in the light of our findings, it may result from renal filtration of blood-borne tissue kallikreins rather than from intrarenal synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunocytochemical and enzyme histochemical localization of kallikrein-like enzymes in colon, intestine, and stomach of rat and cat.

Kallikrein was localized in goblet (or mucous) cells of rat colon and in rat and cat small intestine and stomach by two immunocytochemical techniques. A kallikrein-like enzyme was also localized by enzyme histochemistry in mast cells of colon, intestine, and stomach of the cat, where they appeared to be associated with blood vessels in the lamina propria. The mast cell enzyme, however, was not detected by immunocytochemistry using antibodies to kallikrein. Modification in the enzyme histochemical procedure (pH, fixation) yielded positive results for a kallikrein-like protease in goblet cells of the intestine and colon. The possible physiological and pathological significance of kallikrein-like enzyme in the gastrointestinal tract and elsewhere is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Long-term social and psychological prognosis of Kanner's early infantile autism. Apropos of 2 cases followed for 22 and 30 years respectively].

Two long-time (twenty-two and thirty years respectively) observed cases of kannerian precocious autisms are related, the author stressing the fact that the actual physio-pathological knowledge and therapeutics do not confirm the possibility of any valuable recuperation of this clinical entity. If these patients have not acquired linguistic competence before age five, they will be, in almost 100% of the cases, mentally infirm. Concerning the socioprofessional prognosis of those having acquired, in the physiological limits, a normal language, one cannot entirely forsee valuable successes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Amphetamine, mazindol, and fencamfamin in narcolepsy.

Twenty patients with the narcoleptic syndrome were treated separately with dexamphetamine sulphate tablets 10 and 30 mg, Dexedrine Spansules 10 mg, mazindol 4 mg, and fencamfamin hydrochloride 60 mg daily. Each drug was given for four weeks and the effects compared. In these dosages the reported frequency of attacks of narcolepsy was roughly halved with each treatment, dexamphetamine 30 mg daily being only slightly more potent than 10 mg. The subjective effects of Dexedrine tablets and Spansules could not be distinguished by most patients. Effects on mood, alertness, and sympathomimetic side effects were largely inseparable with all these drugs, but a decrease in appetite was not reported by patients with narcolepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A study of vasoactive intestinal peptide and acetylcholine as possible mediators of vasodilatation in the cat submandibular gland.

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a powerful vasodilator agent in the submandibular gland of the cat, and its effect can be reduced by avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP), or by desensitization of the gland's blood vessels to VIP. However, the vasodilatation caused by parasympathetic nerve stimulation is not reduced by either of these means. We conclude, therefore, that VIP is unlikely to be a major mediator of this atropine-resistant vasodilatation. Experiments with a potentiator of acetylcholine, eserine, and with a depleter, suggest that acetylcholine plays some role in this vasodilatation, but it too does not appear to be the major physiological mechanism. Substance P and ATP were neither potent nor consistent vasodilators and are unlikely mediators.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1984

[Not Available].

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Germany↗
PubMed1983

The 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist ketanserin inhibits the vasoconstrictor activity of per-operative CSF, from subarachnoid haemorrhage patients, on isolated tissues.

Peri-aneurysmal CSF was obtained at operation from 13 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysms. The 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonist ketanserin inhibited contractions of isolated human intracranial arteries, elicited by this CSF. The presence of 5-HT in CSF was confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography. The use of ketanserin in the therapy of postoperative cerebral vasospasm is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Immunolocalization of the protease kallikrein in the colon.

Colon kallikrein was localized in the goblet cells of cat and man by a variety of immunocytochemical techniques. No evidence of this enzyme was found in other sites in this organ. The possible physiological significance of kallikrein in the gastrointestinal tract and of the many related serine proteases is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural immunolocalization of kallikrein in apical granules of striated duct cells of cat submandibular gland.

Recent studies on the localization of the serine protease salivary kallikrein have led to the conclusion that it has a ductal localization and to the possibility that it is located there in small "secretory" granules. Until now, the latter inference has been based entirely on circumstantial evidence. In the present study, however, direct evidence from immunolocalization studies at the ultrastructural level establishes the localization of this enzyme in the apical duct granules in the cat submandibular gland. These granules stained only with immune sera to cat submandibular gland kallikrein and were the only subcellular structures that did so. They showed the "studded" appearance characteristic of the electron-dense aggregates of peroxidase-antiperoxidase seen in this type of immune reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[The Rorschach test in 32 cases of phobic neuroses].

With some exceptions, the Rorschach-literature of phobias and phobic states, is somehow poor. Based on the experience with 32 cases of phobic neurosis, is presented a detailed and commented Rorschach investigation of this clinico-psychological group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Not Available].

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Disease↗