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Biomedical subjects

M Sawyer

Publications and source records attributed to M Sawyer.

65 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Ontogeny of immunity and leukocytes in the ovine fetus and elevation of immunoglobulins related to congenital infection.

Certain humoral and cellular aspects of the immune response were observed during gestation in the ovine fetus. Emergence and development of leukocytes in peripheral blood were observed. Morphologically mature lymphocytes were consistently present at 32 days of gestation, but mature neutrophils were not neutrophils were not consistently present until gestational day 123. Monocytes were first observed at 63 days and eosinophils at 112 days of gestational age. Numbers of each class of leukocyte increased from the time of their appearance until just prior to birth when they declined. Production of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) was monitored from the time of their appearance at 56 and 77 days, respectively, until birth. In contrast to consistently low base-line values of IgG and IgM (below 0.22 mg/ml and 0.21 mg/ml, respectively) found in clinically normal, unstimulated fetuses, the immunoglobulin values in experimentally infected animals increased with the age of the fetus. This finding can be utilized in diagnosis of several congenital infections and anomalies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins from ewe to lamb and its influence on neonatal lamb mortality.

The transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) from ewe to lamb was quantitated to determine the occurrence of failure in passive transfer. Concentrations of IgG and IgM in ewe serum did not correlate with those in the colostrum. Colostrum from all ewes contained abundant amounts of immunoglobulins when compared with serum values, with IgG being selectively concentrated over IgM. Absorption through the intestinal tract of the lamb appeared to be a nonselective process, lacking predilection for IgG and IgM. All lambs tested 24 hours after birth absorbed colostral immunoglobulins to some extent; however, 13 (14%) of 91 clinically normal lambs demonstrated some failure of passive transfer. In contrast, failure of passive transfer was found in 27 (46%) of 59 lambs dying of natural causes between 24 hours and 5 weeks of age. Evidence presented emphasizes the importance of absorption of adequate amounts of immunoglobulins to enable the newborn lamb to survive the first few weeks of life.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Immunotherapy in two foals with combined immunodeficiency, resulting in graft versus host reaction.

Immunotherapy was attempted in 2 Arabian foals with combined immunodeficiency. One foal was given a transplant of bone marrow from a selected full sibling, and 1 foal was given a fetal thymus transplant. Both foals died. Genetic evidence was obtained for survival of the transplanted tissues in both cases; however, a graft versus host reaction developed in the foal given the fetal thymus transplant.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) investigations in dairy cattle: challenge of immunity after vaccination.

The immunity of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows vaccinated against Coxiella burnetii was challenged with 4 X 10(8) infective guinea pig doses of viable rickettsiae. Cows that were vaccinated had normal full-term calves, whereas 2 nonvaccinated cows aborted late in pregnancy. Intrauterine infection of the fetus was indicated by recovery of the organism from tissues of the fetus. Coxiella burnetii was recovered from milk, colostrum, and placenta of vaccinated and nonvaccinated cows after challenge inoculation, but the rickettsiae recovered were as many as 1,000 times more numerous in nonvacinated cows.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1975

Q fever (Coxiella burnetii) investigations in dairy cattle: persistence of antibodies after vaccination.

The immune response and persistence of antibodies were investigated in dairy cattle vaccinated with formalin-inactivated phase (ph) I Coxiella burnetii vaccine agglutinating antibody geometric mean titer (GMT) of 193.2 at 1 month after vaccination compared to a GMT of 2.0 for nonvaccinated calves. The agglutinating antibodies gradually decreased in vaccinated cattle, but the GMT remained approximately 4 times higher than that for the nonvaccinated group for at least 20 months. Results of serotests at 2 months after revaccination indicated a rapid increase in the GMT to 177.0 with agglutinating titers between 1:64 and 1:512.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood cancer: a 4-year prospective study of the psychological adjustment of children and parents.

PURPOSE: The objective of this 4-year prospective study was to assess the psychological adjustment of children treated for cancer and their parents. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Children aged 2 to 12 years with cancer diagnosed and their parents and families (n = 39) were assessed immediately after their diagnosis and then annually for the next 4 years. At each assessment, the psychological adjustment of the children and their families was compared with the adjustment of a cohort of children and families in the general community (n = 49). RESULTS: Immediately after the diagnosis of cancer in the children, the children and their parents had significantly more psychological problems than children and parents in the community. However, at subsequent assessments, there was no difference in the number of psychological problems experienced by children and parents in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In the longer term, the prevalence of psychological problems experienced by children treated for cancer and their parents does not differ from that found in children and parents in the general community. Future research should give greater attention to other aspects of the lives of children treated for cancer and their parents, including their broader health-related quality of life.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Premorbid emotional and behavioural adjustment in children with mild head injuries.

This study investigated the hypothesis that children sustaining a mild closed head injury have a higher prevalence of premorbid behavioural problems than children in the general community. The prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems among children with a mild closed head injury was compared with the prevalence of problems in children with a severe closed head injury, children in the general community, and children referred to a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The results showed that the children with a mild head injury did not have significantly more premorbid emotional and behavioural problems than other children in the community. The children with a mild head injury also had significantly fewer emotional and behavioural problems than children referred to a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The results suggest that the common assumption that children with a mild closed head injury have a higher prevalence of premorbid emotional and behavioural problems than other children in the general community may not be correct.

Adolescent↗