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Biomedical subjects

M Sawa

Publications and source records attributed to M Sawa.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Lattice corneal dystrophy type II with familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV.

Lattice corneal dystrophy type II with familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV (Finnish type, Meretoja's syndrome, FAP-IV) has not been reported in Japan to date. In this study we report on 7 cases in a Japanese family which we recently examined. The proband, a 64-year-old man, suffering from itching in his limbs, impaired lip movement and dysarthria, consulted the Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo. Neurological examinations revealed bilateral facial, glossopharyngeal, vagal and hypoglossal nerve palsies, and also impaired distal vibratory perception. Immunohistological and biochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of FAP-IV. Ophthalmological examinations showed his vision was 1.2 with fine lattice corneal dystrophy in both eyes. The lattice dystrophy was randomly scattered with short glassy lines. Corneal sensation was normal and there was no evidence of recurrent corneal erosion. Six family members with similar lattice corneal dystrophies also were suspected to be affected neurologically by FAP-IV. The family pedigree suggested an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor in human main and accessory lacrimal glands.

Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in human main and accessory lacrimal glands has been investigated using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Positive stain of EGF was localized in the cytoplasm of the acinar cells and the epithelial cells of the intra- and interlobular ducts of the main lacrimal glands, including both the palpebral and orbital lobes, and of the accessory lacrimal glands (gland of Krause, gland of Wolfring) as well. Meibomian glands showed weak immunoreactivity. Positive stain in the conjunctival epithelium including goblet cells was not observed. These results suggest that the mature form of EGF is produced in both the main and accessory human lacrimal glands and secreted into the tear fluid as a constant and crucial component.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Lattice corneal dystrophy type II with familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV].

Lattice corneal dystrophy type II associated with familial amyloid polyneuropathy type IV (Finish type, FAP-IV) has not yet been reported in Japan. We report 7 cases in a Japanese family. The proband, a 64-year-old man, suffering from itching in his limbs, impaired lip movement, and dysarthria, consulted the Department of Neurology, University of Tokyo. Neurological examination revealed bilateral facial, glossopharyngeal, vagal, and hypoglossal nerve palsy, and impaired distal vibratory perception. His vision was 1.2 and he had fine lattice corneal dystrophy in both eyes. Short glassy lines were randomly scattered in the lattice dystrophy. Corneal sensation was normal and there was no evidence of recurrent corneal erosion. Immunohistological and biochemical studies confirmed the diagnosis of FAP-IV. Six siblings were neurologically suspected to be FAP-IV patients with similar lattice corneal dystrophy. The family pedigree suggested an autosomal dominant trait of inheritance.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Study on safety of sodium hyaluronate (SL-1010) by injection in the anterior chamber].

We investigated effects of a newly developed sodium hyaluronate (SL-1010) on the anterior segment of the eye. The tested sodium hyaluronate was biosynthesized using Streptococcus zoo-epidemicus. Under an operating microscope, we replaced the aqueous humor of Macaca fascicularis (n = 3) with 150 microliters of 1% sodium hyaluronate solution without loss of the anterior chamber. The opposite eye was treated as a control and its aqueous was replaced with the same volume of the vehicle, isotonic phosphate buffer solution. We performed follow-up clinical examination with slit-lamp microscopy, pachymetry, pneumotonometery, and specular microscopy. On the 7th day, we performed histological study by light microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Although the sodium hyaluronate group showed a significant increase of intraocular pressure at 9 hours after the treatment over the control, there were no significant differences in clinical findings between the sodium hyaluronate and the control groups. Histological studies demonstrated nothing particular except for slight swelling of mitochondria of corneal endothelial cells in both groups. It was concluded that the newly developed sodium hyaluronate is a biologically inactive and safe biomaterial.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Cortical area related to lens accommodation in cat.

Lens accommodation was evoked by microstimulation in the lateral suprasylvian (LS) area in cats. The accommodative response was monitored continuously with an infrared optometer. The low threshold areas related to lens accommodation were located in the lower parts of the medial banks of the middle suprasylvian sulcus from A1 to A4, and also in the fundus of the sulcus at A8 in the stereotaxic coordinates. The latency of the onset of the accommodative responses evoked by stimulating the caudal area (A1-A4) was shorter than that evoked by stimulating the rostral area (around A8). Electrical stimulation was also attempted at the subcortical area in order to study the output pathway from the LS area. It was determined that the low threshold sites in the LS cortex of A1-A4 extend rostrally along the lateral ventricle in the brainstem, then ventrally into the midbrain. These findings suggest that there are two cortical areas related to lens accommodation: caudal and rostral, and the caudal accommodation area may provide the output signal for the subcortical system.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1992

Keratoepithelioplasty in rat: development of a model and histological study.

A model for keratoepithelioplasty (KEP) was developed using the Lewis rat, and histological studies were performed using this model. The entire corneal epithelium was removed mechanically and a 1.5-mm width of the conjunctiva including the limbus was excised. An oval corneal lamellar graft (3 x 1.5 mm) with an intact epithelium taken from another Lewis rat was transplanted on the denuded limbus. Biomicroscopic observations showed much less vascular invasion in the part of the cornea adjacent to the lenticule than in other parts of the cornea, and the cornea remained clear adjacent to the lenticule. Histologically, a few vessels were observed in the corneal stroma under the lenticule. Epithelial cells on the lenticule specimens showed histological characteristics of the corneal epithelium. These findings indicate that one of the functions of KEP is to block neovascularization in the newly developing corneal epithelium by transplanting the lenticule between the corneal epithelium and conjunctival vessels. The present study also confirmed that this model is useful in the research of the pathophysiological mechanism of KEP.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Histological study of a model of keratoepithelioplasty in the rat].

A model for keratoepithelioplasty (KEP) was developed using the Lewis rat, and histological studies were performed using the model. The entire corneal epithelium was removed using a spatula and a 1.5-mm-width of the conjunctiva including the limbus was excised. An oval corneal lamellar graft (3 x 1.5 mm) with an intact epithelium taken from another Lewis rat was transplanted on the denuded limbus. Biomicroscopic observation showed significantly less vascular invasion in the part of the cornea adjacent to the lenticule than in other part of cornea, and clear cornea was maintained in the cornea adjacent to the lenticule. Histologically only few vessels were recognized in the lenticule, and the epithelial cells on the lenticule showed histological characteristics of corneal epithelium. These results indicate that surgical function of KEP can be obtained because the lenticules keep distance between corneal epithelium and conjunctival vessels. And it is also confirmed that this model is useful in research on the pathophysiological mechanism of KEP.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[A case of peripheral corneal ulcer accompanied by progressive systemic sclerosis].

A 61-year-old woman with progressive systemic sclerosis developed bilateral peripheral corneal ulcer. The corneal lesions were resistant to daily systemic treatment with 15 mg steroid and 50 mg cyclophosphamide. Corneal perforation occurred in her right eye 11 months after the onset of Raynaud's phenomenon and 3 months after the scleritis. Lamellar keratoplasty accompanied with Brown's operation was performed on both eyes. Graft melt and cicatricial corneal opacity developed postoperatively. Removed conjunctival tissue was examined immunohistochemically. HLA-DR protein positive monocytes infiltrated subepithelial tissue, demonstrating that the inflammation of the lesions was in the active stage. Not only perforin but also suppressor/cytotoxic T cell positive reactions were observed, which revealed an involvement of the T cell immune system in the present case.

Corneal Ulcer↗
PubMed1992

[Aqueous protein concentration in diabetics. Report 5. Relationship between aqueous protein concentration and pathological findings of iridial vessels].

The relationship between aqueous protein concentration (APC) and pathological changes in the iridial blood vessels was investigated in 49 eyes of 45 diabetic patients who underwent cataract surgery. APC was measured with a laser flare-cell meter before surgery. The quantification analysis method (type I, multivariate analysis) revealed that the most relevant factor to APC was the existence of nephropathy followed by, in descending order, the degree of retinopathy and changes in iridial vessels as demonstrated by electron microscopy. When data were reanalyzed after exclusion of the iridial vessels were found to be strongly relevant to APC. These results suggest that breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier contributes to the APC increase in eyes with advanced diabetic retinopathy, and that changes in iridial vessels may mainly influence APC in non- and milder-retinopathy groups.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Corneal endothelial cell damage in penetrating keratoplasty].

Fifty-eight corneal grafts were investigated by specular microscopy to determine the corneal endothelial damage in penetrating keratoplasty. The center of the donor corneal endothelium was examined before and after 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. The cell density decreased periodically during the observation period, and the endothelial cell loss in all the cases averaged 10. 4% at 2 weeks after the operation, 16.0% at 1 month, 33.0% at 3 months, 39.4% at 6 months, and 48. 2% at 12 months. However, the cell loss in the keratoconus subgroup averaged -1.9%, 1.2%, 9.9%, 30. 6%, and 33.4% corresponding to the above period. The least cell loss among the diagnostic subgroups was in the keratoconus, followed by corneal leukoma. The cell loss in bullous keratopathy was higher than in keratoconus and corneal leukoma case. It was concluded that the cell loss in penetrating keratoplasty during the first postoperative year depends on the primary disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Severe corneal edema after prolonged use of psychotropic agents.

A 23-year-old woman with schizophrenia who had been treated with a high dose of psychotropic agents for 6 years had bilateral corneal edema and suffered from severe visual disturbance. No signs of inflammation, infection, congenital abnormality, or corneal endotheliitis were observed. The symptoms did not respond to either topical or systemic treatments. Reduction in the dosage of psychotropic agents resulted in quick and complete disappearance of the corneal edema within 2 weeks. Specular microscopic examination after recovery revealed a marked enlargement of corneal endothelial cells, but there was no evidence of any corneal dystrophy. Blood-aqueous barrier function was not deteriorated, as demonstrated by aqueous protein concentration measured with a laser flare-cell meter. In conclusion, we suggest that corneal edema may be caused by prolonged use of psychotropic agents, particularly a major tranquilizer.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Corneal endothelial cell damage in penetrating keratoplasty.

Fifty-eight corneal grafts were examined by specular microscopy to determine the corneal endothelial cell damage following penetrating keratoplasty. The average postoperative follow-up period was 10.1 months. The cell density decreased continuously during the observation period, and the endothelial cell loss of the central area of the cornea in all the cases averaged 10.4% at two weeks after the surgery, 16.0% at one month, 33.0% at three months, 39.4% at six months, and 48.2% at one year. However, the cell loss in the keratoconus group averaged -1.9, 1.2, 9.9, 30.6 and 33.4% for the corresponding postoperative periods. The cell loss in the bullous keratopathy eyes showed higher values compared to those in the keratoconus and the corneal leukoma eyes. It was concluded that cell loss in penetrating keratoplasty during the first postoperative year depends on the host diseases.

Adolescent↗