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Biomedical subjects

M Saunders

Publications and source records attributed to M Saunders.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The syndrome of Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum.

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum was the first to describe catatonia in 1868. There has been a tendency to consider catatonia as a psychiatric disease despite many case reports demonstrating a wide range of medical and neurological as well as psychiatric causes. We present our accumulated experience of the catatonic syndrome. Most cases (36%) were associated with affective illness but five cases (20%) had a defined organic disorder. A significant minority had no identifiable cause and there was only one case of schizophrenia. The idiopathic and affective groups had a high incidence of recurrent catatonic episodes and many had a family history of a similar problem. The prognosis was excellent, except for the few patients who presented with the acute and rapidly progressive form of the syndrome which led to acute renal failure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of captopril on 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid renograms in two-kidney, one clip hypertension.

In an effort to improve on the noninvasive detection of renal artery stenosis, we investigated the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on computer-assisted 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) renal flow studies in a canine model of two-kidney, one clip hypertension and compared these findings with clearances of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid in the stenotic and contralateral kidney before and after converting enzyme inhibition. The 99mTc-DTPA renal flow study with the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (1.5 mg/kg bolus with 1.5 mg/min infusion) showed an increased sensitivity in the detection of unilateral renal artery stenosis over the use of the 99mTc-DTPA study alone. Captopril induced striking alterations that were most evident in the 15-minute 99mTc-DTPA renal flow study, in which all nine curves exhibited severely blunted uptake and excretion of the radionuclide. These changes were reversed during a recovery study without converting enzyme inhibition and were not seen when blood pressure was lowered with nitroprusside to a level similar to that observed during converting enzyme inhibition. The changes shown by the 99mTc-DTPA study during converting enzyme inhibition correlated with a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate of the stenotic kidney. Captopril infusion significantly decreased the glomerular filtration rate of the stenotic kidney (16.0 +/- 3.1 vs 11.0 +/- 2.5 mg/min, p less than 0.03) but not of the contralateral kidney (32.4 +/- 2.6 vs 28.4 +/- 2.8 mg/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Intravenous methylprednisolone for multiple sclerosis in relapse.

A randomised comparison is made between methylprednisolone, 1 g intravenously daily for 7 days, and a standard ACTH regime for the treatment of multiple sclerosis in acute relapse. It is found that methylprednisolone produces a more rapid clinical improvement than ACTH but confers no longer term benefit when the two treatments are compared at 3 months. It is proposed that intravenous methylprednisolone does have a role to play in the management of a patient with an acute relapse of multiple sclerosis.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1984

The effect of cervical mobility on the natural history of cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

A retrospective study was made of 45 patients who had been treated conservatively for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. A number of aetiological variables were analysed in an attempt to find factors that may be useful in predicting the long term prognosis for this condition. It was found that those who deteriorated were more likely to be female and to have significantly more cervical mobility when compared to those patients whose disability had remained static. It is proposed that measurement of cervical mobility may help to select patients who are more likely to deteriorate and thus more likely to benefit from surgical intervention.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Immobilisation hypercalcaemia complicating polyneuropathy in adolescent boys.

Two boys who were immobilised with peripheral neuropathy developed hypercalcaemia. It is suggested that hypercalcaemia aggravated the muscle weakness as well as producing systemic upset. The hypercalcaemia was controlled with corticosteroids which had to be continued over several months. A satisfactory remission of the disease occurred in both cases. The hypercalcaemia was attributed to immobility in young people with rapid calcium turnover in bone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Alexander's disease with Rosenthal fibre formation in an adult.

The case of a woman who had a mild mental and physical handicap all her life is described. At the age of 39 years she began a progressive deterioration which terminated with her death after a year. CT scanning revealed basal ganglia calcification and at necropsy there was evidence of widespread generalised myelin loss with extensive Rosenthal fibre formation. The hypothesis that this may be an adult form of Alexander's disease is discussed.

Brain↗
PubMed1983

[3H]biotin-labeled proteins in cultured human skin fibroblasts from patients with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.

Biotin containing carboxylases in cultured human skin fibroblasts were radioactively labeled by addition of [8,9-3H]biotin to biotin-depleted cell cultures. Three major bands were visualized by fluorography after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the fibroblast proteins. These bands corresponded to pyruvate carboxylase (Mr = 125,000), the biotin-containing subunit of methyl crotonyl-CoA carboxylase (Mr = 75,000) and the biotin-containing subunit of propionyl-CoA carboxylase (Mr = 73,000) as judged by molecular weight markers, purified carboxylase protein standards, and interaction with monospecific antisera. Four out of 5 cell lines from patients with classical pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (less than 5% of normal activity) labeled with this technique displayed a normal band in the position of pyruvate carboxylase while one cell line showed complete absence of any labeled protein in this area. These results demonstrate heterogeneity in the etiology of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency.

Biotin↗
PubMed1983

The effects of patient delay and symptoms other than a lump on survival in breast cancer.

This study examined the relationship of survival in breast cancer to delay in treatment and the presence of symptoms. Data were analyzed for 664 patients diagnosed from 1975-1979 at 15 hospitals in Brooklyn, New York. Pathologic risk factors were defined to classify breast cancer into less (Class I) or more aggressive (Class III) disease. Delay and survival were not significantly associated among women diagnosed with Class I disease. Delay was associated with poor survival for patients with Class III disease (P less than 0.001). The presence of symptoms other than a lump was associated with longer delay and poorer survival in patients with Class II and III disease. These findings suggest that the contradictory relationship between delay and survival reported by others may be due to variations in the proportions of slow and fast growing tumors and that fast growing tumors must be treated promptly for a successful result.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Lactic acidosis in biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency caused by holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency of early and late onset.

Two patients with biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency, both presenting with predominant lactic acidosis, are reported. One with disease of early neonatal onset had considerable acute neurologic and persistent dermatologic abnormalities. The other, with late juvenile-onset disease, had chronic neurologic abnormalities without dermatologic findings. Early-onset cases generally have been associated with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency, whereas those of juvenile onset have been characterized as representing defects in intestinal biotin absorption. However, enzyme analyses of fibroblasts from both patients, grown in biotin-deficient medium, revealed markedly diminished activities of pyruvate, propionyl-CoA, and beta-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylases, and all three enzymes showed normal activities after growth in biotin-rich medium. Furthermore, lymphoblast enzyme analysis in the patient with disease of early onset had previously revealed a defect in holocarboxylase synthetase, and fibroblast complementation studies showed that both patients belong to the bio complementation group. These findings indicate that considerable clinical heterogeneity exists among patients with holocarboxylase synthetase deficiency, an observation which does not permit differentiation of the biochemical forms of multiple carboxylase deficiency on the basis of age at onset and clinical presentation.

Acidosis↗