Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of the sigmoid colon.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
M Sato
Publications and source records attributed to M Sato.
Mental nerve neuropathy as a result of primary herpes simplex virus infection in the oral cavity. A case report.
We describe a 25-year-old woman who had mental nerve neuropathy. The symptom was attributed to herpes simplex virus infection, which appeared as herpetic gingivostomatitis 4 days after the extraction of the lower third molar. This case suggests that herpes simplex virus can infect the inferior alveolar nerve through an extraction wound and can induce mental nerve neuropathy.
Adult↗
Second operation for upper mediastinal lymphadenopathy after complete resection for cancer of the left lung.
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Follow-Up Studies↗
Elastase expression by infiltrating neutrophils in gliomas.
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase is a neutral protease released by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and plays a crucial role in maintaining host defense. However, under certain conditions, this enzyme damages normal tissue and facilitates infiltration of tumor cells. In this study, surgical specimens were obtained from the tumor core and infiltrating margin of the glioma of 12 patients with astrocytoma of varying degrees of malignancy, and the specimens were tested for the presence of elastase by immunohistochemical analysis. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase was not present in the tumor core of any of the 12 cases. Elastase was expressed in areas of tumor infiltration of the brain in all four glioblastoma cases, three of the four anaplastic astrocytoma cases, and none of the four low-grade astrocytoma cases. There was a higher percentage of elastase-positive polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the infiltrating margin of tumors with greater degree of malignancy. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are recruited to malignant gliomas, and the elastase released by these cells aids in the infiltration of gliomas.
Aged↗
Myocardial protection by protykin, a novel extract of trans-resveratrol and emodin.
Protykin is an all-natural, high potency standardized extract of trans-resveratrol (20%) and emodin (10%) derived from the dried rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum. Previous studies have demonstrated free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of resveratrol. Since free radicals play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, we examined whether Protykin could preserve the heart during ischemic arrest. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: experimental group was gavaged Protykin (100 mg/kg body wt) dissolved in corn oil for three weeks, while the control group was gavaged corn oil alone. After three weeks, rats were sacrificed, isolated hearts perfused via working mode, were made globally ischemic for 30 min followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Left ventricular functions were continuously monitored and malonaldehyde (MDA) (presumptive marker for oxidative stress) formation were estimated. At the end of each experiment, myocardial infarct size was measured by TTC staining method. Peroxyl radical scavenging activity of Protykin was determined by examining its ability to remove peroxyl radical generated by 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, while hydroxy radical scavenging activity was tested with its ability to reduce 7-OH*-coumarin-3-carboxylic acid. The results of our study demonstrated that the Protykin group provided cardioprotection as evidenced by improved post-ischemic left ventricular functions (dp, dp/dt(max)) and aortic flow as compared to control group. This was further supported by the reduced infarct size in the Protykin group. Formation of MDA was also reduced by Protykin treatment. In vitro studies demonstrated that Protykin possessed potent peroxyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. The results of this study indicate that Protykin can provide cardioprotection, presumably by virtue of its potent free radical scavenging activity.
Animals↗
Painless lithotripsy by flashlamp-excited dye laser for impacted biliary stones: an experimental and clinical study.
OBJECTIVE: To find out the appropriate dye laser output and frequency for each kind of stone experimentally, and to use flashlamp-excited dye laser for impacted biliary stones. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: University hospital, Japan. SUBJECTS: 12 patients undergoing lithotripsy for both intrahepatic and extrahepatic impacted biliary stones. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Appropriate dye laser output and frequency, histological changes in the bile duct wall, and outcome. RESULTS: Stones were pulverised, and required a median 155 pulses (range 80-205) at 40 mJ for bilirubin stones and 355 pulses (range 205-405) at 50 mJ for cholesterol stones. At the standard energies used, the laser caused only superficial damage to the serosa of the common bile duct. It was successful in fragmenting 133/135 stones (99%), and in addition pulverised 125/135 stones (93%). No patients complained of pain during laser lithotripsy even under local anaesthesia. All patients were discharged from the hospital after an uneventful recovery, and no recurrent stones have been found at outpatient follow-up ranging between 2 and 85 months. CONCLUSION: Flashlamp-excited dye laser with a small choledochoscope seems to be safe and painless way of treating biliary stones, even if they are impacted in the peripheral biliary tree and patients are at high risk.
Aged↗
Neuropsychological EEG activation in patients with epilepsy.
To examine the effects of higher mental activity on the EEG, 480 Japanese patients with different types of epilepsy were subjected to potentially provocative cognitive tasking, termed 'neuropsychological EEG activation' (NPA), during standard EEG recordings. NPA tasks consisted of reading, speaking, writing, written arithmetic calculation, mental arithmetic calculation and spatial construction. The NPA tasks provoked epileptic discharges in 38 patients (7.9%) and were accompanied by myoclonic seizures in 15 patients, absence seizures in eight and simple partial seizures in one. Among the cognitive tasks, mental activities mainly associated with use of the hands, i.e. writing (68.4%), written calculation (55. 3%) and spatial conction (63.2%), provoked the most discharges, followed by mental calculation (7.9%) and reading (5.3%). Detailed examination of the precipitating events revealed action-programming type activities to be the most crucial in 32 out of the 38 patients (84.2%), followed by thinking type activities in four patients (10. 5%). Regarding the classification of epilepsies proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy, seizure-precipitating mental activities in our series were almost exclusively (in 36 out of the 38 patients) related to idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs) including juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, grand mal epilepsy on awakening and childhood absence epilepsy, and were rarely (in only two out of the 38 patients) related to temporal lobe epilepsy. In our IGE patients, the provocative effects of NPA were related to myoclonic seizures rather than absence or generalized tonic-clonic seizures. These results suggest that NPA is a useful tool for examining the relationship between cognitive function and epileptic seizures, and that the IGE patients with myoclonic seizures are vulnerable to higher mental activities requiring action-programming or thinking.
Adolescent↗
Functional heterogeneity among bone marrow-derived dendritic cells conditioned by T(h)1- and T(h)2-biasing cytokines for the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
Three distinct bone marrow (BM)-derived dendritic cells (BMDC) were expanded from BALB/c BM cells by culture with (i) granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plus IL-3, (ii) GM-CSF, IL-3 plus T(h)1-biasing cytokines (IL-12 and IFN-gamma) or (iii) GM-CSF, IL-3 plus T(h)2-biasing cytokines (IL-4). All of these cells expressed the DC-specific marker CD11c, and were designated as BMDC0, BMDC1 and BMDC2 cells respectively. BMDC1 cells exhibited superior T cell-stimulating activity in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), while BMDC2 showed inferior stimulating activity. Specifically, BMDC1, as compared with BMDC2, induced a higher frequency of IFN-gamma-producing CD8(+) T cells in MLC. Moreover, BMDC1, but not BMDC2, were strong inducers of H-2(d)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in MLC. BMDC0 always showed intermediate stimulatory activity; however, when BMDC0 were cultured with IFN-gamma, they differentiated into BMDC1-like stimulator cells concomitant with the up-regulation of both MHC antigens and co-stimulatory molecules. In contrast, BMDC2 were refractory to differentiation into superior stimulator cells by treatment with IFN-gamma, although this treatment enhanced MHC expression. These findings indicate that T(h)1- and T(h)2-biasing cytokines, in addition to their effect on T(h) cell differentiation, may play a critical role in the functional skewing of DC. These findings have important implications for the development of DC-based immunotherapies.
Animals↗
The interface between innate and acquired immunity: glycolipid antigen presentation by CD1d-expressing dendritic cells to NKT cells induces the differentiation of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
In vivo administration of NKT cell ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer), caused the activation of NKT cells to induce a strong NK activity and cytokine production by CD1d-restricted mechanisms. Surprisingly, we also found that alpha-GalCer induced the activation of immunoregulatory cells involved in acquired immunity. Specifically, in vivo administration of alpha-GalCer resulted in the induction of the early activation marker CD69 on CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells and B cells in addition to macrophages and NKT cells. However, no significant induction of CD69 was observed on cells from CD1d- or V(alpha)14 NKT-deficient mice, indicating an essential role for the interaction between NKT cells and CD1d-expressing dendritic cells (DC) in the activation of acquired immunity in response to alpha-GalCer. Indeed, in vivo injection of alpha-GalCer resulted not only in the activation of NKT cells but also in the generation of CD69(+)CD8(+) T cells possessing both cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity and IFN-gamma-producing ability. Tumor-specific CTL generation was also accelerated by alpha-GalCer. The critical role of CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L)-mediated NKT-DC interaction during the development of CD69(+)CD8(+) CTL by alpha-GalCer was demonstrated by blocking experiments using anti-CD40L mAb. These findings provide direct evidence for a critical role of CD1d-restricted NKT cells and DC in bridging innate and acquired immunity.
Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
Walnuts lower serum cholesterol in Japanese men and women.
Recent studies have shown that incorporating moderate quantities of walnuts into the recommended cholesterol-lowering diet in the U.S. decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol in normal American men. To explore whether walnut consumption would also prove effective as part of the Japanese diet, we studied the effects of walnut consumption on serum lipids and blood pressure in Japanese subjects. We randomly assigned 20 men and 20 women to two mixed natural diets, each to be consumed for 4 wk in a crossover design. Both diets conformed to the average Japanese diet (reference diet) and contained identical foods and macronutrients, except that 12.5% of the energy of the walnut diet was derived from walnuts (43-57 g/d) (offset by lesser amounts of fatty foods, meat and visible fat). Total cholesterol concentration was 0.16 mmol/L lower for men (P = 0.05) and 0.21 mmol/L lower for women (P<0.01) when they consumed the walnut diet than when they consumed the reference diet. The LDL cholesterol concentrations were 0.18 mmol/L lower for men (P = 0.13) and 0.22 mmol/L lower for women (P<0.01) when they consumed the walnut diet. The ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol and the apolipoprotein B concentration were also lowered by the walnut diet (P<0.05). Blood pressures did not differ between the walnut and reference diet periods. Incorporating moderate quantities of walnuts into the average Japanese diet while maintaining the intake of total dietary fat and energy decreases serum total cholesterol concentrations and favorably modifies the lipoprotein profile in Japanese, particularly in women.
Adult↗
Walnuts lower serum cholesterol in Japanese men and women.
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Retraction Notice↗
Genome structure of Ri plasmid (3). Sequencing analysis of the vir region of pRi1724 in Japanese Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
The entire genome of the pRi1724 (217.6-kb) in the mikimopine type Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain MAFF03-01724 has been completely sequenced. The vir region covering 30.2-kb has found to be composed of 21 genes resembling virH1, virA, virB1-11, virG, virC1-2, and virD1-5. The structural organization of the pRi1724 vir operons in this study is exactly the same as that of the previously reported vir operons of other Ri or Ti plasmids, although the size of some ORFs showed little variations among the plasmids. We also found virE3 gene in the pRi1724 (1), but different from Ti plasmids, virE1 and virE2 that are also important for the virulence do not exist in the vir region of pRi1724.
Bacterial Proteins↗
A case of exercise-induced acute renal failure in a patient with enhanced renal hypouricaemia.
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Acute Kidney Injury↗
Influence of corn oil and diet on reproduction and the kidney in female Sprague-Dawley rats.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of corn oil administration on gestation, parturition, and lactation in rats, in conjunction with diets differing in composition of nutrients. Rats were divided into two groups, each fed different commercial pellets for rodents, CA-1 or CE-2, different from each other mainly in the source of protein. Female Sprague-Dawley rats in both diet groups were administered 0 (untreated control), 2, or 10 ml corn oil/kg body weight by gavage during the premating period (2 weeks), the mating period, the gestation period, and the lactation period (until day 3 of lactation). Food consumption of both the 10 ml/kg corn oil groups was significantly reduced throughout the study. Body weight gain in the 10 ml/kg corn oil group fed the CA-1 diet was significantly reduced on days 0 through 4 of lactation. Neither mating nor fertility indices were affected, and no clinical signs were observed during the gestation period in any groups. Several dams in the 10 ml/kg corn oil group fed the CA-1 diet, however, showed abnormal conditions after parturition, and three dams became moribund. Pup viability was also reduced in this group. Histopathologic examination of the kidneys of dams in the 10 ml/kg corn oil group fed the CA-1 diet revealed severe lesions in the proximal tubular epithelium, i.e., necrosis and fatty degeneration. Females in any group fed the CE-2 diet showed neither abnormal condition after parturition nor any severe lesions in the kidney. These data show that the combination of corn oil and diet with a particular constitution may cause adverse effects on the renal tubules in pregnant and/or lactating rats, suggesting that corn oil gavage as a vehicle can be a confounding factor in the reproductive toxicity studies, depending on the diet.
Animals↗
Reevaluation of rectal ketamine premedication in children: comparison with rectal midazolam.
BACKGROUND: Results of previous studies of rectal ketamine as a pediatric premedication are clouded because of lack of dose-response relation, inappropriate time of assessing sedative effects, and previous administration or coadministration of benzodiazepines. Therefore, the authors reevaluated the efficacy of rectally administered ketamine in comparison with 1 mg/kg rectal midazolam. METHODS: Sixty-six infants and children (age, 7-61 months) who were American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and who were undergoing minor surgeries as in-patients were randomized to receive 5 mg/kg ketamine (n = 16), 7 mg/kg ketamine (n = 16), 10 mg/kg ketamine (n = 17), or 1 mg/kg midazolam (n = 17) via rectum. A blinded observer scored sedation 45 min and 15 min after administration of ketamine and midazolam, respectively, when children were separated from parent(s) for inhalational induction. All children underwent standardized general anesthesia with sevoflurane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen with endotracheal intubation. Blood pressure, heart rate, and oxyhemoglobin saturation were determined before, during, and after anesthesia. Postoperative recovery characteristics and incidence of adverse reactions were also assessed. RESULTS: Most children (88%) who received rectally 10 mg/kg ketamine or 1 mg/kg midazolam separated easily from their parents compared with those (31%) who received 7 or 5 mg/kg rectal ketamine (P < 0.05). Similarly, more children who received 10 mg/kg ketamine or 1 mg/kg midazolam underwent mask induction without struggling or crying compared with those who received 7 or 5 mg/kg ketamine (P < 0.05). There were no clinically significant changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and oxyhemoglobin saturation after administration of either drug. Immediately after surgery, more children receiving midazolam or 5 mg/kg ketamine were agitated compared with 7 or 10 mg/kg ketamine. Ketamine, 7 and 10 mg/kg, provided postoperative analgesia, but the largest dose of ketamine was associated with delayed emergence from general anesthesia. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that rectally administered ketamine alone produces dose-dependent sedative effects in children, when evaluated at its predicted peak plasma concentration. Ketamine, 10 mg/kg, has a delayed onset but is as effective as 1 mg/kg midazolam for sedating healthy children before general anesthesia. However, 10 mg/kg rectal ketamine is not recommended for brief surgeries because of prolonged postoperative sedation.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
Induction of cytokines and killer cell activities by cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in head and neck cancer patients.
It has been suggested that certain antitumor agents stimulate antitumor immunity. In the present study, we examined whether cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) accelerate the antitumor host responses in head and neck cancer patients. Two groups of patients were studied, i.e. an untreated (UT) group and a treated, disease-free (TDF) group that received chemo-immunotherapy in combination with radiotherapy and operation. When peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from head and neck cancer patients were treated with cisplatin or with 5-FU, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, TNF-beta, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-12 and IL-18 as well as killer cell activities were significantly induced in both groups. In this case, these activities induced by cisplatin in UT showed lower levels than those in TDF, whereas the activities induced by 5-FU in the UT group demonstrated almost similar levels to those in TDF. These activities were significantly inhibited by anti-asialo-GM1 antibody. Furthermore, cytokine levels in sera and killer activities of PBMC derived from the cancer patients were significantly increased after cisplatin administration. These findings suggest that cisplatin and 5-FU increase anticancer immunity mediated by induction of cytokines and killer cell activities in patients with head and neck cancer.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
Cytokine-inducing activity and antitumor effect of a liposome-incorporated interferon-gamma-inducing molecule derived from OK-432, a streptococcal preparation.
An interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducing molecule (OK-PSA) has been purified from OK-432 by an affinity chromatographic technique performed on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B-bound TS-2 monoclonal antibody, which neutralizes IFN-gamma-inducing activity of OK-432. OK-PSA has striking anti-tumor activity in vivo and in vitro. In the current study, the liposomes were used to improve the delivery of the agent (OK-PSA) to effector cells and to increase the therapeutic effect. Significantly less OK-PSA encapsulated into liposomes (Lipo-OK-PSA) than OK-PSA alone (1/100 or less of OK-PSA alone) was required to induce IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), TNF-beta, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), natural killer, and lymphokine-activated killer activities by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mouse spleen cells. Furthermore, higher levels of these activities were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and mouse spleen cells treated with Lipo-OK-PSA than in those treated with OK-PSA. All of these activities induced by Lipo-OK-PSA were almost completely neutralized by anti-asialo-GM1 antibody and complement (p < 0.001). In in vivo experiments, Lipo-OK-PSA elicited striking anti-tumor activity on syngeneic Meth-A tumor-bearing and colon 26-bearing BALB/c mice and on salivary gland tumor-bearing nude mice far better than did OK-PSA. Furthermore, high levels of natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer activities and a significant increase in the number of cells positive for asialo-GM1, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or IL-1 beta were detected in the spleen cells derived from the animals given Lipo-OK-PSA compared with those given saline. These findings clearly indicate that OK-PSA plays an important role in the anti-tumor efficiency of OK-432, and that, for the most part, liposome encapsulation of this molecule markedly accelerates its effect mediated by asialo-GM1-positive cells (mainly natural killer cells).
Adenocarcinoma↗
Myocardial protection with red wine extract.
Cardioprotective action of red wine was studied by preperfusing isolated rat hearts with ethanol-free red wine extract for 15 min before subjecting them to 30 min of global ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Four other group of rats were studied under identical conditions, of which one served as control; one was treated with 10 microM trans-resveratrol (RVT), one of the major antioxidants found in red wines; another, with 0.07% ethanol; and another, with 0.07% ethanol plus 10 microM RVT. The results of our study demonstrated that both red wine extract and RVT were equally cardioprotective, as evidenced by their abilities to improve postischemic ventricular functions including developed pressure and aortic flow. Developed pressure values at 60 min after reperfusion were 81.8 +/- 1.2 and 68.8 +/- 4.1 mm Hg for the red wine extract and RVT groups, respectively, versus 49.7 +/- 2.7 mm Hg for the control group. These compounds also reduced myocardial infarct size compared with the control hearts (20.1 +/- 0.5% and 10.5 +/- 0.3% for red wine extract and RVT groups, respectively, vs. 29.9 +/- 3.1% for the control group). The ethanol-treated group displayed slightly better functional recovery, which deteriorated sharply toward the end of the reperfusion period, and the extent of infarction was comparable to that of the control group (31.5 +/- 0.9%). In the ethanol plus RVT group, postischemic contractile function was significantly better than control, and infarct size also was reduced to 20.9 +/- 0.7%. The amount of malonaldehyde formation in the postischemic myocardium was reduced by red wine extract and RVT, indicating a reduction of oxidative stress developed in the ischemic reperfused myocardium. In vitro studies revealed that red wine extract is a potent antioxidant as evidenced by its ability to scavenge peroxyl radical in vitro. Taken together, the results of our study indicate that red wines are cardioprotective by their ability to function as an in vivo antioxidant.
Animals↗