Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to M Sasiadek.
Authors present the case of recurrent bronchial carcinoid in the right main bronchus, in patient who had previously right upper lobectomy due to the tumor of the same pathomorphological type. The recurrence was accompanied by pulmonary emphysema of the right lower lobe.
An infant with Herpes simplex meningoencephalitis which occurred during an epidemic of enteroviral neuroinfections is described. Clinical and laboratory signs of meningitis as well as preceding aphtous oropharyngeal inflammation, initially suggested an enteroviral etiology. The appearance of signs of encephalitis with focal neurologic disturbances and the results of brain imaging by computed tomography, primarily the detection of temporoparietal areas of hypodensity, raised the possibility of HSV infection. Thanks to early specific treatment with acyclovir, the infant recovered from meningoencephalitis and 4 months later presented only minor neurological sequelae (slight left hemiparesis). The diagnosis of Herpes simples meningoencephalitis was confirmed by detecting IgM and IgG anti-HSV antibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid both at the beginning and after 10 days of treatment and also by a eightfold rise of the anti-HSV-1 antibody level in serum. The authors emphasize the role of brain imaging (computed tomography and magnetic resonance) in the differential diagnosis of viral nervous system infections and suggest early treatment with acyclovir in case of suspicion of HSV-encephalitis.
The authors discuss results of CT studies in 300 patients with low back pain syndromes. Apart from herniated discs (56.3% of cases) pain could be often explained by degenerative changes of facet joints or bulging disc leading to spinal canal stenosis. In the group of patients operated on due to disc herniation correlation between CT and surgical results has 85.4%. In the authors' opinion CT is an effective, non-invasive diagnostic method in patients with low back pain syndromes.
The authors describe program of multiplanar reconstruction of CT images (MPR) and discuss its usefulness in diagnosing low back pain syndromes. The program was especially useful in differentiation between herniated disc and osteophytes, in spondylolisthesis and in the cases of asymmetric spine. MPR enables also imaging of pathological spinal lesions in the operative view which is helpful for planning of the surgery. In the authors' opinion CT with MPR is not inferior and in some authors aspects even superior to MR imaging.
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Cytogenetic studies of clinically healthy workers employed in the rubber industry showed an increase in chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and a decrease in proliferation indices (PIs). The aim of the present study was to establish, using the SCE and PI tests, genotoxic effects of hazardous chemicals in the rubber industry. An increase in mean SCEs in the lymphocytes of vulcanizers as compared to controls was observed. Since the PI in the exposed group was insignificantly decreased as compared to the controls, it could be concluded that the SCE test is the most sensitive cytogenetic test for the detection of a genotoxic effect of chemicals in the rubber industry. There was no evidence in the present study that the genotoxic effect of chemicals in the rubber industry was enhanced by cigarette smoking.
Lymphocytes from 21 vulcanizers from a tire factory were analyzed for the presence of chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and for proliferation indices (PIs). An increase in the frequencies of CAs and SCEs and a decrease in PIs were observed. Cytogenetic parameters were correlated with age, smoking habits, and duration of occupational exposure. From the present study it can be concluded that cigarette smoking enhances the genotoxic effects of mixtures of chemicals to which workers in the rubber industry are exposed.
The distribution of the breakpoints in the karyotypes of workers occupationally exposed to benzene was tested. Fifty-six workers exposed to benzene were investigated cytogenetically. A significant increase in chromosome aberrations was observed. The distribution of the breakpoints in the karyotypes of examined workers was significantly nonrandom (p less than or equal to 0.001). The breakpoints accumulated mainly on chromosomes 2, 4, and 7.
Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were induced in human lymphocytes by 1,3-butadiene and its epoxides 3,4-epoxy-1-butene and 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane. After a pulse treatment of 2 h, 1,3-butadiene produced a weak but reproducible increase in SCEs both with and without S9 mix. The response was similar in cultures of whole blood and of isolated lymphocytes. The 2 epoxide metabolites of butadiene, studied in whole-blood lymphocyte cultures without exogenous metabolic activation, were highly active SCE inducers. The lowest effective concentrations of butadiene, monoepoxybutene, and diepoxybutane were 2000 microM, 25 microM and 0.5 microM, respectively. A slight but dose-dependent increase in SCEs was also observed without an exogenous metabolic system after a 48-h treatment with 1,3-butadiene. Already the lowest concentration tested (500 microM) was effective. Again, the response was similar in cultures of whole blood and isolated lymphocytes, suggesting that the lymphocytes are capable of metabolically activating 1,3-butadiene.
Sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were analyzed in CHO cells after pulse treatment with 1,3-butadiene, 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (monoepoxybutene) and 1,2:3,4-diepoxybutane (diepoxybutane). A weak dose effect was observed after exposure to 1,3-butadiene but only in the presence of S9 mix. Monoepoxybutene and diepoxybutane were highly effective in inducing SCEs at concentrations of 0.1-1 microM both in the presence and in the absence of S9 mix. At higher concentrations the response was more pronounced without S9 mix.
Shearing injuries, also called diffuse axonal injuries, are a special kind of severe head trauma, usually caused by a motor vehicle accident, in which disruption of white matter axons takes place. Twelve cases of shearing injuries were diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). The typical CT findings were small hemorrhagic lesions in the cerebral white matter, most often in cerebral hemispheres and internal capsules. In most patients, hemorrhagic foci were multiple. Single lesions were found in only two patients. Features of brain edema were found in eight of ten early studies, and subarachnoidal hemorrhage only in three. Two patients also had subdural hematomas. CT appearance of the shearing injuries is characteristic, especially in connection with clinical data indicating a history of head trauma and severe state of the patient.
1,3-butadiene gas is widely used in manufacture of synthetic rubber and plastics. In groups of workers occupationally exposed to 1,3-butadiene secondary leukemia and lymphoma were observed. Quite frequently, in these groups combined exposure to other chemicals such as styrene and benzene was observed. Studies on bacteria suggest that 1,3-butadiene is an indirect mutagen whose mutagenic potency depends on metabolic activation. Mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of 1,3-butadiene were investigated on laboratory animals. The results have shown that 1,3-butadiene induced multiple organ cancer, as well as increase in SCE, chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in mice and rats. 1,3-butadiene and its metabolites produced an effect of growth inhibition, an increase in SCE and chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro. Up till now is known about genotoxic and carcinogenic properties of 1,3-butadiene in humans.
The aim of this work is to analyse chromosome aberrations and cell cycle kinetics in workers occupationally exposed to organic solvents, which contain benzene among other agents. In the exposed group structural chromosome aberrations were found in 2%, while in the control group in 0.9% of analysed metaphases. Detailed band localization of breakpoints in chromosomes of patients in both groups is presented. No significant differences in cell cycle kinetics in individual members of exposed and control groups were found.
Cytogenetic analysis was carried out on peripheral blood lymphocytes of 33 workers professionally exposed to benzene for 10-26 years. In the examined group structural chromosome aberrations were found in 147 metaphases (4.7%). Statistical analysis has shown that the distribution of breakpoints was not random. Chromosomes 2, 4 and 9 are almost twice as susceptible to breaks, while chromosomes 1 and 2 are almost twice as susceptible to gaps, as would be expected based on a random distribution of damage among chromosomes.
We observed multiple uncommon chromosome abnormalities resulting in marker formation in a patient with AMMoL-M4. The breakpoints of the aberrations corresponded to common "cancer breakpoints" described by Mitelman and also--to localisation of some protooncogenes. The activation of these multiple protooncogenes in the described case might result in rapid progression of the disease and in the resistance to therapy.
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