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Biomedical subjects

M Sarwar

Publications and source records attributed to M Sarwar.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Focal MRI findings in early SSPE.

Many investigators have identified localized cortical involvement in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) by clinical and electrophysiologic criteria. Some investigators have reported such abnormalities in the posterior cerebrum early in the course of the disease, but without radiologic correlation. Recently, magnetic resonance imaging has been used to follow the progression of SSPE. The largest reported study of SSPE utilizing magnetic resonance imaging indicated that focal abnormalities were distinctly rare and actually mitigated against the diagnosis of SSPE. We report an SSPE patient with focal cerebral dysfunction and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of distinctly focal inflammatory disease early in the course of the illness.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epilepsy in children with attention deficit disorder: cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomic indices.

Our study examined the hypothesis that if epilepsy adversely influences the cognitive and behavioral performance of children, then children with both attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and epilepsy (ADHD-Sz) should exhibit more severe cognitive and behavioral difficulties and be more likely to demonstrate abnormalities on cranial computed tomography than ADHD children without epilepsy. We compared ADHD-Sz and ADHD patients using a variety of psychologic, behavioral, and educational measures, as well as cranial computed tomography. ADHD-Sz children scored significantly below the ADHD group on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (performance and full scale scores). In both ADHD-Sz and ADHD groups, the prevalence of learning disabilities (LD) and a variety of behavioral features were similar. Neither seizure disorder nor ADHD was associated with an increased incidence of structural abnormalities or asymmetries of the brain. These findings support the belief that epilepsy adversely affects IQ but does not appear to affect the prevalence of LD or behavioral abnormalities in ADHD children. They further support the accumulating body of data demonstrating normal brain anatomy in ADHD by computed tomography.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone: its role in the evaluation of middle ear disease.

High-resolution computed tomography (CT) was performed on the temporal bones of 93 patients in conjunction with pluridirectional tomography. The majority of the patients were scanned on the prototype Pfizer 0200 FS second-generation scanner, modified to meet the demands of high-resolution scanning. Images from this relatively economical scanner are almost comparable to those obtainable with the GE CT/T 8800 scanner in spatial and contrast resolution. CT scans of the temporal bone were found to be more sensitive than pluridirectional tomography in visualizing fractures and soft tissue masses in the middle ear, including fluid levels and tympanic membrane swelling. It is concluded that high-resolution CT of the temporal bone will probably soon entirely replace pluridirectional tomography.

Cholesteatoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography in the study of the development of the skull base: 1. Normal morphology.

We examined 11 human fetuses (18 to 30 weeks' gestation) with high resolution CT to study the developmental ossification of the two main component structures of the skull base, the temporal and sphenoid bones. Computed tomography, with its excellent contrast discrimination, allowed clear visualization of the morphology of ossifying centers. Skull base growth during this gestational period was found to be a dynamic event with rapid changes in morphology and interosseous relationships. The growth of the sphenoid body on CT corroborates the studies done by Kodama, who used dehydrated skulls. The temporal bone proceeded in a stepwise fashion; complete encapsulation of the membranous labyrinth occurred before it grew anteroposteriorly to form the apex and mastoid.

Gestational Age↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of cerebrovascular calcifications in postsurgical hypoparathyroidism.

Despite the extensive literature on the radiographic appearance of basal ganglia calcification in hypoparathyroidism, the vascular and perivascular deposits that are the hallmark of this disease have not been described radiographically. We report two patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism in whom such vascular calcification was observed on CT and was confirmed pathologically in one. The metabolic disturbance leading to the vascular deposits is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging of intraventricular cysticercosis.

Three cases of cysticercosis with cysts located in the cerebral ventricles were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This technique proved to be diagnostically superior to CT. In fact, MR can effectively replace metrizamide CT ventriculography in the detection of intraventricular cysticercosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain malformations in linear nevus sebaceous syndrome: an MR study.

A case is presented of a 16-year-old girl who had unilateral linear nevus sebaceous syndrome and ipsilateral brain malformations. These consisted of unilateral megalencephaly, white matter hypoplasia and excessive gray matter, deficient sulcation, and focal areas of pachygyria of the frontal lobe best seen on magnetic resonance imaging.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The septum pellucidum: normal and abnormal.

The common embryologic origin of the septum pellucidum, of the corpus callosum, and of the limbic system explains the anatomic basis of a varying degree of concurrent involvement of these structures in disease processes, both developmental and acquired. Developmental absence of the septum pellucidum portends a more generalized dysplasia that encompasses the corpus callosum and the limbic system. When considered in this context, it is easy to understand the limbic system dysfunction that is engendered by this anomaly. It is rare for an acquired lesion to involve the septum pellucidum per se because of its small size. However, it is common for it to be secondarily involved in almost all types of acquired disease processes. With the exquisite anatomic morphology that MR now provides, one must carefully assess involvement of the septum pellucidum, of the corpus callosum, and of the limbic system in disease processes that occur in the vicinity of these structures, so that more incisive clinical insight into the functions that are subserved by these structures can be obtained.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The spine in 3D. Computed tomographic reformation from 2D axial sections.

A new program (3D83, General Electric) was used to reformat three-dimensional (3D) images from two-dimensional (2D) computed tomographic axial scans in 18 patients who had routine scans of the spine. The 3D spine images were extremely true to life and could be rotated around all three principle axes (constituting a movie), so that an illusion of head-motion parallax was created. The benefit of 3D reformation with this program is primarily for preoperative planning. It appears that 3D can also effectively determine the patency of foraminal stenosis by reformatting in hemisections. Currently this program is subject to several drawbacks that require user interaction and long reconstruction time. With further improvement, 3D reformation will find increasing clinical applicability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental production of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis in the dog.

Prior efforts at experimental production of superior sagittal sinus (SSS) thrombosis generally have been unsuccessful. An experimental method was devised of inducing SSS thrombosis in the dog by use of double-lumen balloon catheters. Two balloon catheters, introduced into each internal jugular vein, are finally positioned at the torcular Herophili. The resulting stasis in the SSS, initiated by the inflated balloons, is augmented by injecting thrombin into the SSS. The stasis and the intraluminal thrombin cause thrombosis, which can be visualized on computed tomography (CT). This method may be used to study the natural history of SSS thrombosis as well as establish its CT and magnetic resonance imaging characteristics.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computed tomography of temporal bone pneumatization: 2. Petrosquamosal suture and septum.

The degree of visualization of the petrosquamosal (Körner's) septum on high-resolution axial computed tomography (CT) in 141 temporal bones (100 subjects) was analyzed. The superior and inferior parts of the septum were assessed separately and were seen in 75% and 41% of cases, respectively. There was no relation between the size of Körner's septum and pneumatization. The clinical relevance of this finding is discussed. The CT features of the ventral petrosquamosal suture also were investigated. The crista tegmentalis, a contribution of the petrosal tegmen to the mandibular fossa, was seen on CT as a polypoid excrescence projecting from the ventrolateral petrous pyramid. This knowledge is useful in the radiographic analysis of the course of longitudinal fractures of the petrous bone.

Cranial Sutures↗