Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

M Sarwar

Publications and source records attributed to M Sarwar.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Computed tomography of temporal bone pneumatization: 1. Normal pattern and morphology.

The pneumatization of 141 "normal" temporal bones on computed tomography (CT) was evaluated in 100 patients (age range, 6-85 years). Because of the controversy surrounding the sclerotic squamomastoid (mastoid), temporal bones with this finding were discarded. A CT index of pneumatization was based on the pneumatized area and the number of cells seen within a representative scanning section. Results suggest that squamomastoid pneumatization follows the classic normal distribution and does not correlate with age, gender, or laterality. A high degree of symmetry was found in 41 patients who had both ears examined. In 35% of all temporal bones, the petrous apex was pneumatized, concordant with the findings of other investigators. Pneumatization extending into other regions of the temporal bone corresponded linearly with squamomastoid pneumatization. Air-cell configuration was variable. Air-cell size tended to increase progressively from the mastoid antrum. The scutum "pseudotumor" appearance caused by incomplete pneumatization was seen frequently, and should not be mistaken for mastoiditis or an osteoma. Thick sections producing partial-volume effect may also produce this spurious finding. Therefore, when searching for mucosal thickening due to mastoiditis, large air cells should preferably be analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Craniofacial anomalies in the amniotic band disruption complex.

We describe a newborn with multiple congenital anomalies due to the Amniotic Band Disruption Complex. Cerebral computerized tomography and plain films of the extremities corroborated the clinical diagnosis. The purpose of this case report is to alert the radiologist to the varied radiographic appearance of this little known entity and to provide a historical and embryologic background.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography in penetrating injury to the eye.

We used computed tomography to detect and localize foreign bodies in two unusual cases of penetrating injury to the eyes. In one case, a large broken twig appeared to have penetrated the globe and the inferior rectus muscle; in the other, the globe was ruptured by many glass shards . In the first case surgery showed the computed tomographic impression to be incorrect. The globe and the inferior rectus muscle were intact and vision and motility were normal postoperatively. In the second case, swelling made direct visualization impossible, and computed tomography was used to locate the foreign bodies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Interhemispheric fissure sign of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum.

Failure to develop of the corpus callosum and the neighboring midline structures results in abnormal proximity between the interhemispheric fissure (IHF) and the third ventricle. We have called this finding the IHF sign of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC). In a retrospective study of 39 cases the presence of the IHF sign was assessed in conjunction with the other well recognized CT manifestations of the disorder. These are: (a) lateral ventricles: pointing of the frontal horns, disproportionate enlargement of the occipital horns and separation of bodies of the lateral ventricles; (b) third ventricle: enlargement, elevation and anterior displacement; and (c) interventricular foramen: enlargement. We found that the IHF sign was present concurrently with the other CT signs of DCC in all 35 cases (100%) where the quality of the CT scans permitted its satisfactory evaluation; in the remaining four the sign could not be assessed because of the unsatisfactory quality of the CT scans. Our study confirms that the IHF sign is an additional reliable CT feature of DCC.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas: CT appearance in diffuse invasion.

The authors describe 2 diffusely invasive prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas which produced marked destruction of the base of the skull thought to be diagnostic of chordoma on computed tomography (CT). Failure to recognize this pattern led to biopsy, which was diagnostic. The authors emphasize the need to recognize this rare growth pattern of diffusely invasive pituitary adenoma on CT.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

High resolution computed tomography of the osseous external auditory canal: 1. Normal anatomy.

This study of 34 normal ears was conducted in order to define more precisely the normal computed tomographic (CT) anatomy of the osseous external auditory canal. Great variability was found in canal configuration and its relationship to the temporal squama. The understanding of normal CT appearance of the various fissures along the anterior wall of the external canal is important to avoid mistaking fissures for fractures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The choice of contrast agent for myelography in patients with nonpenetrating cervical spine trauma.

Forty patients with neurological deficits from cervical spine trauma had cervical myelography with metrizamide, gas, iophendylate, or a combination thereof. At a low dosage (less than or equal to 1.25 g I), metrizamide was found to be not only the most effective in demonstrating the spinal cord but also safe if used with a C-arm biplane fluoroscopic unit which has tomographic capability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Temporal bone disease: a comparison between high resolution computed tomography and pluridirectional tomography.

Sixty-five patients with suspected ear disease were examined with CT, and abnormalities were detected in 42 of them; 58 of these patients also had pluridirectional tomographic examinations. Eighteen of the patients in whom abnormalities were detected underwent exploratory surgery. CT was useful in the diagnosis of tympanic membrane swelling, fluid in the middle ear, cholesteatoma, granulation tissue, and adhesions. The superior contrast resolution of CT allowed for the visualization of ossicles when they were surrounded by an inflammatory mass or by blood. In trauma cases, axial images facilitated visualization of longitudinal fractures, which frequently pass through the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. CT and pluridirectional tomography were comparable in the demonstration of disease that involved the mastoid air cells, although fluid in air cells was more easily demonstrated by CT. Pluridirectional tomography was superior to CT in the demonstration of bone destruction; CT, however, was more sensitive in the diagnosis of lateral semicircular canal fistula. Based on this analysis, we recommend that these two modalities be used in a complementary fashion to evaluate suspected middle ear disease.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Evolution of dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar system as evidenced by serial computed tomography.

A case of dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar system and carotid arteries is presented. Features considered unique to this case include recurrence of trigeminal neuralgia after a standard surgical procedure, presumably caused by rapidly progressing dolichoectasia of the vertebrobasilar arteries, and progressive calcification and ventriculomegaly over the course of one and a half years, shown on sequential computed tomographic (CT) scans. Dolichoectasia is discussed briefly as a clinical entity and its characteristic CT scan findings are reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomographic anatomy of the temporal bone.

With the recent development of high-resolution computed tomography (CT), there is a growing need to explore the full potential of this new method in demonstrating the detailed anatomy of the temporal bone. For this purpose, dry skulls with intact ossicles were scanned in axial and coronal projections. The detailed CT anatomy of the temporal bone was documented, complemented by images from live patients. Because of its superior contrast resolution, CT was able to demonstrate numerous structures, such as the tympanic membrane, ossicles, and supporting structures, hitherto never or poorly visualized by any other method. In addition, the ease by which axial sections of the temporal bone could be obtained is of great benefit in displaying several structures previously difficult to evaluate.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Nontraumatic dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery. Case report.

A case is described of a nontraumatic dissecting aneurysm of the vertebral artery, which presented as a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Differentiation from vasospasm and from atherosclerosis is critical. Dissection between the adventitia and media should be noted in the differential diagnosis of SAH when an aneurysm or vascular malformation is not demonstrated angiographically.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMed1981

Ventricular enlargement after closed head injury.

To study the relationship between enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and neuropsychological deficit after closed head injury (CHI), we measured the area of the lateral ventricles on computed tomographic scans obtained at least 30 days after severe CHI in 32 young adults and a control group of similar age. Enlargement of the lateral ventricles was demonstrated in 72% of the head-injured subjects, as defined by the ventricle-brain percent ratio (VBR). Ventricular dilation was related to the duration of coma after high-speed motor vehicle accidents and to intellectual and memory defects. The VBR may be a useful index of the severity of brain damage in certain categories of head-injured patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative indexes of computed tomography in dementia and normal aging.

Quantitative indexes of compute tomography were compared in 28 patients with Alzheimer dementia and in 30 elderly persons with no history of neurologic disease. Age-corrected ventricle-brain ratios were abnormal for half of the dementia patients, whereas only a single subject in the control group had ventricles outside the limits of normal variation. Measurement of the distance between the third ventricle and Sylvian fissure indicated that the dementia patients had significantly more atrophy in this area. Employment of quantitative indexes standardized for age may aid in differentiating cerebral atrophy associated with dementia from that associated with normal aging.

Aged↗