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Biomedical subjects

M Sarkar

Publications and source records attributed to M Sarkar.

126 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Estradiol benzoate induced changes in protein synthesis and lysosomal hydrolases in the pituitary of male rats.

In vitro protein synthesis, lysosomal hydrolases activity and peroxidase activity in the anterior pituitary were estimated in adult male rats treated with 50 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB) for 1 day or 7 days. Pituitary protein synthesis, protein and RNA content increased after 7 days. A significant increase in total and membrane-bound acid phosphatase was noted after 1 day or 7 days of EB treatment whereas total beta-glucuronidase activity decreased in both 1 and 7 day group. Cathepsin activity increased after 7 days and pituitary peroxidase system did not change by EB treatment. These findings suggest that immediate change in the enzyme milieu may be one of the first reactions by which EB expresses its feedback control.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of atenolol on cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in male rats.

Cadmium-induced stress adversely affects testicular activity and causes sympathetic stimulation. To investigate the effect of atenolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, on testicular androgen synthesis after cadmium treatment, adult Sprague-Dawley strain male rats were given a single sc dose of cadmium chloride 0.45 mg/kg BW. Animals were killed on day 3 after treatment. Adrenal weight, adrenal delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-HSD) activity, serum corticosterone, and brain noradrenaline were increased significantly while testicular delta 5-3 beta-HSD and 17 beta-HSD activities, serum testosterone, and accessory sex organs weight were decreased. Oral coadministration of atenolol at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg body weight for 3 days resulted in complete protection of adrenal delta 5-3 beta-HSD, testicular delta 5-3 beta-HSD, and 17 beta-HSD activities, adrenal weight, serum corticosterone, and serum testosterone when compared with cadmium-only group and there were no significant differences in these parameters from the vehicle control values. Simultaneous administration of cadmium and atenolol also protected brain noradrenaline content and reduced the rise of testicular cadmium concentration. All the parameters were similar to control levels in rats treated with atenolol alone. We conclude that atenolol may protect testicular androgen synthesis by inhibiting the action of noradrenaline on testicular Leydig cells and adrenocortical hyperactivity in cadmium-treated rats.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug use among the urban poor in Kolkata: behaviour and environment correlates of low HIV infection.

BACKGROUND: HIV infection in injecting drug users (IDUs) has worked as a driving force for further spread of the virus in other population groups. Major metropolitan cities such as Mumbai, Kolkota, Chennai and Delhi have seen a diffusion of injecting drug use within the last decade. The prevalence of HIV infection among injectors ranges from 2% to 30%. Identifying effective interventional elements that have kept the prevalence of HIV low for the past 7 years among IDUs of Kolkata is thus of public health importance. METHODS: A purposive sample of opioid/opiate users was studied. Primary and secondary data on drug users, law-enforcement environment, records at drug treatment centres, jail admission data related to the 'Narcotic Drug and Psychotropic Substance Act' and interventions in other risk groups were collected. Laboratory tests for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen and syphilis were done on consenting IDUs (n=129) and non-IDUs (n=120). For univariate and multivariate analysis, IDUs were taken as cases and non-IDUs as controls. RESULT: Of the IDUs, 2% were positive for HIV. No non-IDU was HIV-positive. Significantly more non-IDUs (10% v. 4%, p=0.05) were positive for syphilis. Sharing injection equipment within the past 6 months was reported by 71% of IDUs; sharing partners were stable and ranged from 1 to 3. More IDUs compared to non-IDUs reported being in touch with intervention programmes. The police has been tolerant to needle-syringe exchange and oral sublingual buprenorphine substitution conducted in Kolkata. Unlike in the early 1990s, non-IDUs did not switch to injecting during non-availability of brown sugar in the latter half of the 1990s and instead sought tratment. The availability of high quality heroin (>20%-50%) was low and the proportion of moderate quality heroin (>10%-20%) went up during these times due to increased police seizures. No intervention exists in jails despite the fact that a large number of drug users spend time in jail. CONCLUSION: Stable and few injection equipment-sharing partners of IDUs, launching of early targeted interventions among IDUs and sex workers in the city, police tolerance to harm reduction activities and preference of non-IDUs for detoxification during heroin draught periods have kept HIV prevalence at a low level among drug users of Kolkata for the past 7 years. immediate launching of interventions for drug users in jails seems necessary. Similar multi-pronged strategies with targeted and environmental intervention could work in other settings as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dose-dependent effect of copper chloride on male reproductive function in immature rats.

BACKGROUND: Copper is essential as a trace element for metabolic processes. Exposure to copper in industries develops toxicity among the workers. Previous findings on adverse effects of copper on male reproductive function in adult albino rats led to investigate the effects of this metal on reproductive function of maturing male rats in the present experiment. METHODOLOGY: To study these effects, immature (30 to 35 days old) Wistar strain albino rats weighing about 50-60 g were treated intraperitoneally with copper chloride at doses of 1000, 2000 and 3000 microg/kg body weight/day for 26 days. RESULT: Significant fall in accessory sex organ weight and inhibition of testicular 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity along with degeneration of testicular growing spermatogenic cells and reduction in serum testosterone, FSH and LH level were observed at the doses of 2000 and 3000microg/kg/day. On the other hand, at the dose of 1000 microg/kg/day significant increase in testicular steroidogenic enzyme activity and stimulation of testicular spermatogenesis along with rise in serum testosterone and LH level were observed, though no significant change was observed in serum FSH level. This suggests that copper has got a dose-dependent effect on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis and serum testosterone and LH level in maturing male rats.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of lithium chloride on spermatogenesis, testicular delta 5- 3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities in toad (Bufo melanostictus).

The purpose of the present study was to show the effects of lithium on testicular activities in the toad. Adult male toads were injected with lithium chloride (200 micrograms/toad) of alternate days for 21 days. At the moment of sacrifice on 22nd day, lithium treated animal showed decreases in testicular weight and Leydig cell nuclear area along with inhibition of spermatogenesis and testicular delta 5-3 beta as well as 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities. The results of our present experiment suggest that lithium administration might be associated with significant adverse effects on testicular activity in toad.

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoprosthetic treatment of metastatic pathological fractures.

Due to a prolonged time of survival patients with lowrisk skeletal dissemination may develop a local relapse after surgical treatment of a pathological fracture. In a series of 180 patients with bone metastases of breast cancer, a local metastatic recurrency was observed 8-36 months after operative treatment in 12 patients. All of them had a receptor-positive primary and were free from visceral metastases; only one had received radiotherapy postoperatively. Patients with low-risk disease therefore should undergo more radial surgical procedures than patients with poor prognosis, in whom reconstitution of stability represents the most important therapeutic goal. In cases with low-risk disease and histologically proven residual tumour a postoperative irradiation should be administered as a rule.

Adult↗