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Biomedical subjects

M Sano

Publications and source records attributed to M Sano.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Transcatheter embolization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease.

Interest in the treatment of the pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) that occur in approximately one-third of patients with Rendu-Osler-Weber (ROW) disease (hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia) has recently been renewed. PAVMs can now be occluded safely by the transvenous placement of detachable balloons or metal coils, thus avoiding the many potential complications of thoracotomy. This study analyses the treatment of eight PAVMs in four ROW patients by transcatheter embolization using detachable balloons or metal coils. After embolization, the mean right-to-left shunt fraction significantly decreased from 39.1 +/- 5.1% to 11.9 +/- 1.1% (P < 0.05) and PaO2 significantly increased from 53.3 +/- 7.8 torr to 76.2 +/- 8.4 torr (P < 0.05). No serious complications occurred. One detachable balloon was deflated, but no recanalization occurred. We conclude that transcatheter embolization is a safe and efficacious treatment for PAVMs associated with ROW disease. Long-term studies are now needed to determine the risk of recanalization in this treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Dementia as a predictor of adverse outcomes following stroke: an evaluation of diagnostic methods.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although it is understood that dementia is a risk factor for adverse outcomes, little is known about the predictive validity of the numerous methods that have been proposed for its diagnosis. Thus, we performed the present study to assess the utility of a variety of diagnostic methods in the prediction of adverse outcomes following stroke. METHODS: We administered neuropsychological, neurological, and functional examinations to 244 patients (age, 71.7+/-8.5 years) 3 months after ischemic stroke. We diagnosed dementia using each of the following methods: (1) neuropsychological testing, requiring deficits in increasing numbers of cognitive domains, both with and without memory impairment, as well as functional impairment; (2) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of <24; and (3) neurologists' clinical judgment. We then used survival analyses to investigate the ability of diagnoses based on those methods to predict death and recurrent stroke during long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Log-rank tests and Cox proportional hazards analyses, with recurrent stroke entered as a time dependent covariate, determined that all of the paradigms were significant predictors of mortality, but the performance of paradigms based on neuropsychological testing was superior to the use of the MMSE and clinical judgment, particularly when memory impairment was required. Log-rank tests determined that paradigms based on neuropsychological testing were the only significant predictors of recurrent stroke and performed best when memory impairment was required. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that dementia diagnosis based on neuropsychological assessment and an operationalized paradigm requiring deficits in memory and other cognitive domains is superior to other conventional methods in its ability to identify patients at elevated risk of adverse outcomes following stroke.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Cognitive function in nondemented older women who took estrogen after menopause.

Investigations of the effects of estrogen replacement on cognitive function in healthy older women have yielded disparate results. We evaluated the relationship between a history of estrogen use and cognitive test performance in 727 women participating in a large community-based study. Participants were followed longitudinally for an average of 2.5 years. Estrogen use history was obtained at baseline. Standardized tests of memory, language, and abstract reasoning were administered at baseline and at follow-up. Results indicate that women who had used estrogen replacement scored significantly higher on cognitive testing at baseline than nonusers, and their performance on verbal memory improved slightly over time. The effect of estrogen on cognition was independent of age, education, ethnicity, and APOE genotype. Results suggest that estrogen replacement therapy may help to maintain cognitive function in nondemented postmenopausal women.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Postmenopausal estrogen use and Parkinson's disease with and without dementia.

We investigated the effects of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on the risk of development of dementia in 87 women with Parkinson's disease without dementia (PDND), 80 women with Parkinson's disease with dementia (PDD), and 989 nondemented healthy women from the same community. ERT was protective for the development of dementia within the setting of PD (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-1.0) and when PDD patients were compared with controls (OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.07-0.78), but did not affect the risk of PD. The results of the study suggest that a randomized clinical trial of ERT may be warranted.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Cognitive test performance among nondemented elderly African Americans and whites.

We examined the neuropsychological test performance of a randomly selected community sample of English-speaking non-Hispanic African American and white elders in northern Manhattan. All participants were diagnosed as nondemented by a neurologist, whose assessment was made independent of neuropsychological test scores. African American elders obtained significantly lower scores on measures of verbal and nonverbal learning and memory, abstract reasoning, language, and visuospatial skill than whites. After using a stratified random sampling technique to match groups on years of education, many of the discrepancies became nonsignificant; however, significant ethnic group differences on measures of figure memory, verbal abstraction, category fluency, and visuospatial skill remained. Discrepancies in test performance of education-matched African Americans and whites could not be accounted for by occupational attainment or history of medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. These findings emphasize the importance of using culturally appropriate norms when evaluating ethnically diverse elderly for dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Effect of several hydrophilic polymers on the permeation of morphine and salicylic acid through excised hairless rat skin.

Several hydrophilic polymers changed the cumulative amount of morphine (MOR) permeated through excised hairless rat skin from 1% MOR hydrochloride solution containing ethanol and l-menthol at concentrations of 40% and 5%, respectively, as permeation enhancers. Anionic polymers (carboxyvinylpolymer and methylvinylether-maleic anhydride copolymer) in the test solutions decreased the skin permeation of MOR, whereas cationic polymers (polyethyleneimine and chitosan) increased it, compared with that without polymers. Little change, however, was observed by the addition of nonionic polymers (hydroxypropylcellulose and polyethyleneoxide). On the other hand, the cationic and anionic polymers in the test solutions decreased and increased, respectively, the skin permeation of salicylic acid (SA) from the same enhancing system containing sodium salicylate. These opposite results were probably caused by the change in escaping tendency of the drugs from the vehicles, which was due to the drug-polymer interaction. (The escaping tendency has a great effect on the drug partition from the polymer solution to the skin barrier). The effect of hydrophilic polymers on the partition was then evaluated by Donnan membrane theory. The partition of MOR was increased and decreased by the presence of polymers having identical and opposite charge to MOR. The low partition of the drugs to skin may also be caused by low diffusion of the drugs in the polymer solutions. The drug release from the hydrophilic polymer solutions was then measured, and the release rate was found to have decreased in the presence of polymers having opposite charge to MOR and SA. It is suggested that these drug-polymer interactions changed the drug partition to skin thus changing the skin permeation of the drug.

Analgesics, Opioid↗
PubMed1998

[Studies on antioxidant effects of Hypsizigus marmoreus. II. Effects of Hypsizigus marmoreus for antioxidant activities of tumor-bearing mice].

The in vivo effect of Hypsizigus marmoreus on the plasma antioxidant status of tumor-bearing mice was examined. Female DBA/2 mice treated with subcutaneous injection of 3-methylcholanthrene were fed on a basal diet (CE-2) or CE-2 containing 5% fruit bodies of the mushroom for 76 weeks. Antioxidant activities (AOA) of mice with tumor were significantly higher than those of mice without tumor. The high levels of AOA were attributable to the increase of high molecular weight AOA in the plasma. A similar increase in plasma AOA was also observed in sarcoma-180 solid tumor-bearing mice. The mushroom feeding exhibited a potent antitumor effect and caused a significant decrease in lipid peroxide levels (as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; TBARS). These results suggest that the increase of AOA in the plasma of tumor-bearing mice is one of the mechanism of cancer preventive effects and also suggest that Hypsizigus marmoreus might play a role in decreasing TBARS by controlling AOA induction.

Agaricales↗
PubMed1998

Effects of tea infusions of various varieties or different manufacturing types on inhibition of mouse mast cell activation.

We investigated effects of various tea infusions on mast cell activation using mouse mast cells. Among various tea extracts, infusions from cultivar 'Benihomare' and Taiwan lineage strongly inhibited histamine release after Fc epsilon RI cross-linking. Among three types of tea (from cultivar 'Benihomare'), extract from oolong tea or black tea inhibited histamine release more strongly than green tea extract. Furthermore, 'Benihomare' oolong tea extract suppressed tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins after Fc epsilon RI cross-linking, but polyvinyl polypyrrolidone treatment of the extract to remove phenolic compounds, weakened the suppressive effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Malignant mesenchymoma in the scrotum. A case report].

A 67-year-old man visited our hospital with the chief complaint of painless swelling of the left scrotal content. An elastic hard mass was palpable in the left scrotum. Resection of the tumor, including the left scrotal skin, was performed. The tumor originated from the scrotal wall and did not communicate with the testis, the epididymis or spermatic cord. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as a malignant mesenchymoma composed of liposarcoma, chondrosacoma and osteosarcoma. Malignant mesenchymoma is very rare, especially in the scrotum. Our case that originated from the scrotal wall is the first one reported in Japan.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Importance of basophilia in haematopoietic disorders.

To the significance of basophilia in haematopoietic disorders, six draw attention to cases have been analyzed. Associated diseases included acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML-M2, M3, M4, and M6), refractory anaemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) and RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T). Two AML cases (M2, M6) were preceeded by myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). All patients showed greater than 3% basophilia in peripheral blood and bone marrow. Basophils were identified successfully by metachromatic staining with toluidine blue in all cases. Three patients (M3, M4, RAEB) presented with lymphadenopathy, suggesting an association with extramedullary involvement. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activity was significantly reduced in four patients with AML (M2, M3, M4) and RAEB-T. The clinical course was generally unfavourable characterized by short remission duration or disease progression except for the patient with RAEB. Haemorrhage was the main cause of death rather than infection. Cytogenetic analysis revealed unique abnormalities involving chromosomes 3q21, 5q31, and 17q11 where the genes for some haematopoietic growth factors or their receptors are located, in addition to t(6;9) and t(15;17).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Three cases of human gnathostomiasis caused by Gnathostoma hispidum, with particular reference to the identification of parasitic larvae.

Human gnathostomiasis is well known to be caused by Gnathostoma spinigerum, G. hispidum, G. doloresi and G. nipponicum in Japan. In the present reported cases, skin biopsies were performed on three Japanese patients. As a result, cross sections of the larvae were clearly observed in the biopsied specimens. All cross sectioned larvae had an intestinal canal, which consisted from 25-35 cells. A large nucleus was observed at the center of each intestinal cell. The morphological features completely correlated with the characteristics of larval G. hispidum. Based on these findings, all three human cases were thus determined to be confirmed cases of gnathostomiasis caused by G. hispidum.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A case of inflammatory pseudomotor of the lung suspected of being metastasis of thymoma].

An operated case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung is reported. A 27-year-old female was pointed out a coin lesion in the left lower lung field on chest X-ray and the size of mass increased. She had a history of thymomectomy for thymoma, and resection of right intrathoracic dissemination. Therefore operation was performed on suspicion of metastasizing thymoma. A partial resection including the mass with VATS was performed and histopathologic examination revealed inflammatory pseudotumor. The postoperative course was uneventful, and there has been no evidence of recurrence thereafter. In Japan, sixty-eight cases of inflammatory pseudotumor of the lung including our case have been reported in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Antitussive effect of azelastine hydrochloride in patients with bronchial asthma.

To investigate the efficacy of azelastine hydrochloride (azelastine, CAS 79307-93-0, Azeptin) in suppressing cough, 22 bronchial asthma patients complaining mainly of cough were given the drug for four weeks. Peak flow rates (PEFR), pulmonary function tests, capsaicin cough threshold, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were compared pre- and post-administration. After four-week's administration of azelastine (2 mg twice daily), cough decreased as demonstrated in a significant progressive improvement of cough points. The morning PEFR (1/min) was improved significantly at one week and two weeks post-administration. Changes were from 434 +/- 26.4 pre-administration to 461 +/- 25.8 at Week 1 (p < 0.05), 462 +/- 26.7 at Week 2 (p < 0.05), 452 +/- 22.5 at Week 3, and 462 +/- 20.8 at Week 4. The evening PEFR (1/min) showed 439 +/- 22.2 pre-administration, 454 +/- 21.4 at Week 1, 464 +/- 22.4 at Week 2, 457 +/- 19.3 at Week 3 and 467 +/- 17.8 at Week 4, improvement being significant at Week 1 (p < 0.05). Regarding pulmonary function tests no significant changes were observed. FVC (liter), FEV1 (liter), and FEV1/FVC (%) were 3.45 +/- 0.86, 2.68 +/- 0.52, and 83.6 +/- 5.93 pre-administration; and 3.48 +/- 0.21, 2.72 +/- 0.65, and 84.1 +/- 6.21 post-administration, respectively. The capsaicin cough threshold [Ccap (mumol/l)] showed significant improvement, changing from 5.95 (0.016-50.0) pre-administration to 19.7 (0.08-50.0) post-administration (p < 0.05). Conversely, an index of bronchial hyperresponsiveness, Dmin (mg/dl;U), showed no significant changes (14.9 +/- 5.2 vs. 19.7 +/- 5.3). These results suggest that azelastine inhibits cough in patients with bronchial asthma by increasing the level of the cough threshold without changing bronchial hyperresponsiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Prospective comparative study of the evolution of probable Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia.

No previous comparison of test performance in probable Alzheimer's disease (pAD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia has provided information about potential differences in the dementing process. This study compared the evolution of cognitive changes associated with these dementias. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) applied to regression analyses with repeated measures were used to evaluate cognitive changes over 1 to 3 years prior to the point when dementia was diagnosed in 40 matched pairs of patients with incident pAD and PD dementia. Both groups' performance declined on the Short Blessed, Selective Reminding Test (SRT; total recall, long-term retrieval, and delayed recall), Boston Naming Test, Category Fluency, and Similarities. The decline on naming and SRT delayed recall was more rapid in the PD dementia group, suggesting that these performance deficits emerge earlier in the development of pAD. The PD dementia group performed worse on Category Fluency throughout the follow-up period, suggesting either that dementia is overlaid on this preexisting performance deficit or that this type of executive deficit is an early manifestation of dementia in PD. The pAD group performed more poorly throughout the follow-up period on SRT delayed recognition, consistent with a pAD-specific encoding deficit. We conclude that while pAD and PD dementia are similar in many respects, differences in their evolution support previous observation of unique features in the 2 dementias and suggest different underlying pathologies.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[An early phase II clinical study of S-1 in patients with breast cancer. S-1 Cooperative Study Group (Breast Cancer Working Group)].

An early phase II clinical study of S-1 in patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer was undertaken by a cooperative study group (Breast Cancer Working Group) of 14 institutes in Japan. S-1 was administered twice daily at 75 or 50 mg (dose FT)/body for 28 consecutive days with 14 days rest (one course). Twenty-eight patients were enrolled, 27 were eligible for the study, and 25 were evaluable for efficacy. Four complete responses and seven partial responses were obtained, and the response rate was 40.7% (11/27) [ninety percent confidence interval for this response was 26.7-56.4%]. The major adverse reactions observed were myelosuppression represented by leukopenia 44.4% (12/27), neutropenia 40.7% (11/27), RBC decreased 37.0% (10/27), hemoglobin decreased 29.6% (8/27), anorexia 55.6% (15/27), nausea/vomiting 48.1% (13/27), and fatigue 33.3% (13/27). The results suggested that the efficacy and safety of S-1 were effective against advanced or recurrent breast cancer. The objective of study judged should be investigated in a late phase II clinical study.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Proposals for revisions of UICC TNM system (1997)--breast cancer].

The TNM system for classification and staging approved by Union Internationale contro le Cancer (UICC)/TNM Committee is designed primarily for patient care and, in this context, is equally applicable to patients in clinical research, community hospitals, and developing countries. It is clearly evident to all who have been involved that international agreement on the classification of cancer at all anatomical sites is exhilarating, since data from around the world can finally be compared with validity. The UICC believes that the TNM system can fulfil the following five objectives: (1) aid in the planning of treatment; (2) give an indication of prognosis; (3) assist in evaluation of the results of treatment; (4) facilitate the exchange of information between centres; and (5) contribute to the continuing investigation of human cancer. The important questions for planning of treatment (1), however, can not be answered by the information of the clinical TNM stage as the concept in the Japanese Joint Committee. The knowledge of the TNM stage does not yield information of prognostic importance (2). More accurate indices of prognosis can be calculated from multivariate analysis to examine many clinicopathological variables, and biological markers along with patient age and nodal status. The analysis makes the difficulties for the results of treatment due to the large number of combinations with T and N subgroups (3) (4). According to the fifth objective (5) of TNM classification, we would like to propose a more simple and pragmatic classification by classifying patients into those requiring surgical approach and adjuvant therapy.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1998

Normative data for a brief neuropsychological battery administered to English- and Spanish-speaking community-dwelling elders.

The use of neuropsychological tests in non-English-speaking populations and among those with less education has been limited because most tests have been standardized for English-speaking populations with relatively high levels of education. In effort to establish norms, a battery of neuropsychological tests was administered, in either English or Spanish, to 995 normal elders with a wide range of educational attainment, residing in the community of Washington Heights-Inwood in northern Manhattan. Results indicate that age, education, and language all influence test performance and should be considered when evaluating neuropsychological measures.

Aged↗