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Biomedical subjects

M Sano

Publications and source records attributed to M Sano.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Interleukin-2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cell from patients with myasthenia gravis--correlation with clinical severity].

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBM) and the frequency of surface IgG+ B cells (%) were studied in 17 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and 12 controls. Culture supernatants from phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell from patients with MG and controls were added to IL-2 dependent proliferative cultures (CTLL-2). Following 24 hr of culture, 3H-Tdr was added and cultured for an additional 6 hr. Cultures were harvested and 3H-Tdr incorporation was determined. In comparison with controls we found significantly increased synthesis of IL-2 in patients with MG (p < 0.05). Highest synthesis was found in severe cases and there were highly significant correlation between IL-2 synthesis and clinical severity score (R = 0.85, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the ability of IL-2 synthesis by PBM may reflect severity of patients with MG. B cells expressing surface IgG, considered to be differentiated B cells, were less frequent in severe cases (R = -0.67, p < 0.05). It may be that the B cells with further differentiation are transformed into plasma cells expressing other markers such as PCA-1 in severe patients with MG.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Intra-arterial chemotherapy of local recurrence and non-curative case of colorectal cancer].

Twelve colorectal cancer patients, including 9 with local recurrent cancer and 3 with remnant cancer after surgery, were treated with intraarterial chemotherapy. Three cases were treated with MMC injection alone, 1 case with MMC combined with irradiation (MMC-R) and 8 cases with ADM combined with irradiation (ADM-R). In 7 evaluable patients, the response rate was 28.6% with 1 CR case, 1 PR case and 5 NC cases. The 2 cases treated with ADM-R were successful. Six of 8 patients treated with ADM-R survived more than 1 year, while all 4 patients treated with MMC or MMC-R died within 8 months. The cumulative survival rate after ADM-R treatment was 44% at 24 months. It is suggested that the combination of intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiation therapy is an effective treatment for local recurrence and non-curative cases of colorectal cancer.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗
PubMed1992

[Essential thrombocythemia that transformed to myelofibrosis after three years].

A 66-year-old man was presented with thrombocytosis in February, 1988. Laboratory examinations on admission revealed a white blood cell count of 17,700/microliters and a platelet count of 274.4 x 10(4)/microliters. Bone marrow aspirates showed an increase of megakaryocytes (1,294/microliters). There was no fibrosis or Ph1 chromosome. He was diagnosed as having essential thrombocythemia and was treated with thrombopheresis, carboquone and ranimustine (MCNU). Subsequently his platelet count was well controlled approximately for three years. He was readmitted because of pyrexia and left hypochondralgia in February 1991. Physical examination revealed hepatosplenomegaly. Peripheral blood revealed leukoerythroblastosis associated with the occurrence of tear drop cells. Bone marrow aspiration resulted in a dry tap and the biopsy specimen showed reticulin fibrosis. This is a fairly rare case of essential thrombocythemia that transformed to myelofibrosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Experimental studies on the effects of alpha-tocopherol in small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury].

In the present study, we quantified the biochemical [thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reactants, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and vitamin E] and histologic changes in the small intestinal tissue after ischemia and/or reperfusion. Sixty-seven Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups; N group: control, A-I group: 30 min. ischemia, A-II group: 120 min. ischemia, B-I group: Declamp after 30 min. ischemia, B-II group: 30 min. reperfusion after 30 min. ischemia, B-III group: 30 min. reperfusion after 120 min. ischemia, E group: vitamin E administration 30 min. reperfusion after 30 min. ischemia. The levels of TBA reactants were significantly different between A-II and B-II, B-II and E (all p less than 0.01). For SOD, there were significant differences between N and B-I (p less than 0.01), N and E (p less than 0.05). For vitamin E, there were significant differences between A-I and B-I, A-I and B-I, B-II and E (all p less than 0.01). Histologic changes showed that the grade of tissue injury was more severe in B-I and B-II than in A-I, and was less in E than in B-II. It is suggested that vitamin E protected cells from injury due to oxygen free radicals.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Potential of human lymph node cells for antitumor activity mediated by interferon gamma.

The soluble antitumor activity of regional lymph node cells obtained from patients with cervical cancer was investigated by using a human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA). A significant antiproliferative activity of the lymph node cells (LNCs) against a cervical cancer cell line, HeLa cells, was demonstrated by stimulation with either phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A), but not with interleukin-2 (IL-2). This antiproliferative activity of LNC was found in nonadherent cells, possibly T-cells. By using neutralizing antibody experiments, this activity was found to be attributed to interferon gamma (IFN gamma), but not to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), although both cytokines were produced from LNC. These results indicate that human LNC was able to exert an antiproliferative activity mediated through the cytokines by appropriate stimulation.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1991

Two-dimensional mapping by high-performance liquid chromatography of pyridylamino oligosaccharides from various glycosphingolipids.

A method to map sugars two-dimensionally for the analysis of the structures of oligosaccharides from glycosphingolipids is described. Nine neutral and ten acidic oligosaccharides were obtained from glycosphingolipids by endoglycoceramidase digestion and labelled with 2-aminopyridine. The pyridylamino oligosaccharides were clearly separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on commercially available C18-silica and amide-silica column. All compounds tested were mapped without any overlapping. The separation of the pyridylamino oligosaccharides on the C18-silica column depended on the numbers and positions of sialic acid and N-acetylhexosamine residues; on the amide-silica column, the separation depended on the total number of sugar residues.

Carbohydrate Conformation↗
PubMed1991

Muscle inactivity reduces the content of parvalbumin in rat thymic myoid cells in vitro.

We investigated the influence of muscle inactivity by the addition of 1 microM tetrodotoxin in culture medium (complete abolishment of spontaneous firings); feeding with 50 mM KCl in the culture medium (inactivation of action potentials by depolarization) and the addition of 50 microM dantrolene sodium in culture medium (excitation-contraction uncoupling) on the content of parvalbumin in a cultured rat thymic myoid cell line (R615B2: M cells) using a highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for rat parvalbumin. This is the first report of the content of parvalbumin in thymic myoid cells. Our studies clearly show that the content of parvalbumin is significantly decreased in paralyzed M cells compared with controls which had continuous muscle contractions. It is strongly suggested that muscle contractile activity plays an important role on the expression of parvalbumin in thymic myoid cells.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1991

Risk of dementia in first-degree relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.

First-degree relatives of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are at greater risk for dementia when compared with the relatives of their healthy peers, but not when compared with the relatives of patients with Parkinson's disease. This may indicate that the risk of dementia in these relatives is not specific to AD or that these studies are biased. We obtained a family history and vital status information on each first-degree relative of patients attending a clinic and in a group of recruited healthy elderly subjects. Patients formed two groups: probable AD and other forms of dementia or cognitive disorders without dementia. The odds of dementia in first-degree relatives did not differ between patient groups. The odds of dementia in relatives of patients with probable AD or other forms of dementia was six times that in the relatives of the healthy elderly subjects. The cumulative incidence of dementia increased with age in the first-degree relatives of all subjects. Approximately 50% of the first-degree relatives of patients with AD were demented by age 91 years, but almost the same number of the other patient group's relatives were demented as well. That figure was never reached in the healthy elderly subject's relatives. Because the risk of dementia in first-degree relatives of patients with AD was similar to that for patients with other disorders, we cannot exclude the possibility that this is the result of selection and information biases. Our investigation implies that the increased risk of dementia may not be specific to relatives of patients with AD; the risk may also be increased in first-degree relatives of patients with other neurologic disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Tritiated imipramine binding. A peripheral marker for serotonin in Parkinson's disease.

Tritiated imipramine binding in platelets has been used to evaluate serotonin activity in depression in previous studies. This article examined this marker as a possible measure of central nervous system serotonergic activity for depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The number of binding sites was significantly lower in depressed patients with PD than in a healthy control group. Patients with PD who were not depressed had lower values than the comparison group, but this difference was not significant. We also found a significant correlation between the receptor site values in platelets and cerebrospinal fluid levels of the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (r = .59), but this was independent of a diagnosis of depression. Receptor site values were examined to identify appropriate cutoff scores to predict depression in the group of patients with PD. A maximum sensitivity of 50% was achieved with a specificity of 64%. Our results strongly support a generalized alteration in serotonin metabolism in depressed patients with PD, but tritiated imipramine binding in platelets is not a useful diagnostic tool for depression.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Cumulative risks of developing extrapyramidal signs, psychosis, or myoclonus in the course of Alzheimer's disease.

Cumulative risks of developing extrapyramidal signs, psychosis, and myoclonus in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) were estimated in 72 patients with probable AD by the Kaplan-Meier survival method. The cumulative risk functions were found to increase at different rates for different signs as AD progressed. Comparisons of the cumulative risk functions revealed that in the early stages of AD, extrapyramidal signs and psychosis were more likely to develop than myoclonus. As AD progressed, the risk of developing myoclonus became as great as that of developing the other two signs. This study suggests that extrapyramidal signs, psychosis, and myoclonus represent developmental features that mark the progression of AD, rather than indicators of disease subtypes. The estimated cumulative risk functions set a reasonable expectation for the timing and likelihood of the emergence of the clinical signs. This, in turn, might aid in disease prognosis because the biological bases of these signs have been established and they have been shown to be predictive of other markers of disease course.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Multidisciplinary baseline assessment of homosexual men with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection. III. Neurologic and neuropsychological findings.

We explored the possibility that neurologic and neuropsychological changes constitute the earliest detectable manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Without knowledge of HIV status, we assessed neurologic signs and symptoms and administered a battery of neuropsychological tests to 208 homosexual men, of whom 84 were HIV negative, 49 were HIV positive and asymptomatic, 29 were mildly symptomatic, and 46 had significant medical symptoms but not the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There was no difference between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive men in the frequency of neurologic signs or of defective or borderline performance on any neuropsychological test. However, HIV-positive men performed slightly but significantly worse than HIV-negative men on tests of verbal memory, executive function, and language. Similar results were obtained when comparisons were limited to HIV-positive medically asymptomatic and HIV-negative men. There was no degradation of neurologic status or neuropsychological performance across stages of HIV severity, but neurologic and neuropsychological summary scores correlated with CD4/CD8 ratios in the HIV-positive group. Ratings of neurologic signs and symptoms correlated with neuropsychological summary scores in the HIV-positive group only. Cognitive complaints were more frequent in the HIV-positive men; they correlated with actual test performance in the HIV-positive but not HIV-negative men. The constellation of subjective and objective neuropsychological and neurologic findings suggests the possibility of a definable syndrome associated with HIV infection in asymptomatic individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Parvalbumin-immunoreactive neurons in the human central nervous system are decreased in Alzheimer's disease.

Immunohistochemical localization of the Ca(2+)-binding protein parvalbumin (PV) was investigated in the adult human central nervous system (CNS). The antiserum against purified rat skeletal muscle PV specifically recognized certain neuronal populations and their processes. Strongly positive were Purkinje, basket and stellate cells of the cerebellum, cerebral cortical nonpyramidal cells, and neurons in the thalamic reticular and ventrolateral nuclei, subthalamic nucleus, lateral and medial geniculate bodies, vestibular and cochlear nuclei, spinal trigeminal nucleus, cuneate and gracile nuclei, and dorsal nucleus of Clarke. Negative were cortical pyramidal neurons, neurons of the autonomic nerves, and neurons in the caudate nucleus, putamen, dentate nucleus, inferior olive, and substantia gelatinosa. The number and size of PV-immunoreactive neurons were significantly decreased in Alzheimer's disease. However, the decrease was not disease specific.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Radiation myelopathy: significance of gadolinium-DTPA enhancement in the diagnosis.

We described two cases of chronic progressive radiation myelopathy (CPRM), in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was of great value for the diagnosis. Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) enhancement delineated precise lesions responsible for Brown-Séquard syndrome caused by CPRM in both cases. This safe, sensitive procedure will be a requisite study in patients who are suspected of CPRM.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

The effects of primers on the sensitivity of dentin.

The effects of dentin primers on the sensitivity of dentin were examined by measurement of the repetitive firing observed when a class V cavity prepared in the dentin of the lower jaw of a rabbit was irritated by a blast of compressed air. It was possible to conclude that the combined application of an aqueous solution of 35% hydroxyethyl methacrylate and a commercially available dentin bonding agent was effective for reducing the repetitive firing and for maintaining such a "sedative " effect. Although the dentin tubules were sealed mechanically by the resin material, it was impossible to explain the mechanism by which the dentin primer application reduced firing.

Aminosalicylic Acids↗
PubMed1991

A new colon and mammary carcinogen in cooked food, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP).

2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), which is produced during cooking and is mutagenic to bacteria and cultured mammalian cells, was found to induce high incidences of colon and mammary carcinomas in F344 rats when administered at a concentration of 400 p.p.m. in the diet for 52 weeks. Since PhIP is the most abundant of the mutagenic heterocyclic amines in cooked meat and fish, the compound might be related to malignancies of the colon and breast in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Identification of three extended antibody-binding segments in recombinant human muscle acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit extracellular domain 1-210.

The duplicated alpha subunits account for 40% of the total protein of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of muscle, and are implicated as targets for pathogenic autoantibodies in the neuromuscular disease myasthenia gravis (MG). This study reports some of the specificities of antibodies induced by a myasthenogenic recombinant protein (rH alpha 1-210) corresponding to the proposed extracellular domain of the alpha subunit of human acetylcholine receptor, residues 1-210. Antisera produced by immunizing rats, rabbits, and mice were tested with a panel of overlapping synthetic peptides (each 16 amino acids) comprising residues 1-216 of the human alpha subunit. IgG antibodies produced in all three species bound only to peptides that were clustered in three segments: segment I (residues 9-24); segment II (57-96 in rats, 57-88 in rabbits, and 57-80 in mice); and segment III (137-184 in rats, 145-184 in rabbits and mice). Monoclonal antibodies were produced by 41 independent hybridomas derived from three rats immunized with rH alpha 1-210; 12 reacted only with the recombinant or native protein, and 29 reacted additionally with peptides in segments II or III. Four mAbs bound to native human receptor; of these, three bound to peptides 57-72/65-80, 81-96, or 153-168, and one lacked peptide-binding activity. Lack of mAb reactivity with rat receptor precluded correlation of peptide reactivity with myasthenogenicity. Nevertheless, the data indicate that the human acetylcholine receptor's alpha subunit contains multiple sites in its extracellular domain that are potentially stimulatory for B cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗