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Biomedical subjects

M Sano

Publications and source records attributed to M Sano.

At least 325 records · Page 18Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Glucocorticoid therapy in renal diseases--its indication and therapeutic schedule].

Glucocorticoid therapy is used to treat renal diseases because of the two pharmacological actions, i.e anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressive ones. Indications for steroid therapy in renal diseases are mainly primary and secondary nephritis and the nephrotic syndrome. These include minimal change nephrotic syndrome, membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, focal glomerular sclerosis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy (in part), lupus nephritis, acute interstitial nephritis and so on. There are two routes of steroid administration, orally or intravenously, to treat nephritis and the nephrotic syndrome. The standard therapeutic regimen is the oral administration of prednisolone (PSL), which usually consists of initial high dose therapy (40-60 mg/day), subsequent withdrawal of steroids and maintenance therapy. As for intravenous administration, high dose injection of methylprednisolone (usually 1000 mg on three successive days) is utilized and followed by high dose oral PSL.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1994

[Late phase II study of KW-2307 in advanced or recurrent breast cancer. KW-2307 Cooperative Study Group (Breast Cancer Section)].

A multi-institutional late phase II study of KW-2307 (vinorelbine), a new vinca alkaloid derivative, in advanced or recurrent breast cancer was conducted in 26 nationwide hospitals. KW-2307 was intravenously administered at a dose of 20 mg/m2 once weekly. Eighty among the enrolled 82 patients were eligible. The overall response rate was 30.0% (24/80) with 4 CR, 20 PR, 5 MR, 22 NC, 17 PD and 12 unevaluable patients. The major side effect was leucopenia, which was the dose-limiting factor in this study. Other subjective or objective side effects included general fatigue, nausea-vomiting, anorexia, paresthesia, fever and stomatitis, but none of them was serious.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Antiproliferative lymphokine production by human peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymph node lymphocytes detected by a modified double layer soft agarose clonogenic assay.

The double layer soft agarose clonogenic assay using colony formation of target cells as an endpoint was adapted for the detection of antiproliferative lymphokine production from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and lymph node lymphocytes (LNL). The colony formation of cervical cancer cell lines, HeLa, CAC-1, and TMCC, in the upper layers was significantly inhibited by the inclusion of either PBL or LNL pretreated with PHA in the lower layers. Without stimulation by PHA, neither resident PBL nor LNL exhibited antiproliferative activity on the tumor cells in the upper layers. The antiproliferative activity against target cells increased in relation to the density of lymphocytes in the lower layers, and was dependent on protein synthesis by lymphocytes. Since the cell to cell contact between the effector cells and target cells is not possible in this assay, the reduction of colony formation should be attributed to soluble factor(s) that were secreted from the lymphocytes. Additionally, an antibody against IFN-gamma neutralized most of the antiproliferative activity, and equivalent levels of IFN-gamma were found to be present in the supernatant of PBL and LNL lower layers by a radioimmunoassay. The double layer soft agarose assay system should thus serve as a useful method for studying antiproliferative lymphokine production by lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Simple, rapid and simultaneous measurement of eight different types of carbamate pesticides in serum using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

We have developed a method for simultaneous analysis of methylcarbamate pesticides in serum with an acute pesticide intoxication. This is performed by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid detection of eight types of methylcarbamate pesticide can be achieved with this method, it only requires an extremely simple pre-treatment of the sample. The specificity of this method is equal to that of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and it satisfies the clinical requirements for detection sensitivity and specificity. Although some problems with this analytical method remain to be solved, we consider it to be superior to any other analytical method previously reported.

Acetates↗
PubMed1993

Purification and characterization of an enzyme releasing lacto-N-biose from oligosaccharides with type 1 chain.

An enzyme specific for oligosaccharides with type 1 chain was purified 7,000-fold from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. 142. The enzyme, lacto-N-biosidase, was induced and secreted into culture medium when the strain was cultured in the presence of porcine stomach mucin. The enzyme was purified by anion-exchange chromatography on Q Sepharose, cation-exchange chromatography on S Sepharose, fast protein liquid chromatography on a Mono S column, and gel filtration chromatography on TSK gel HW55S. To remove contaminating alpha-1,3/4-fucosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, final purification was done by fast protein liquid chromatography on a Mono S column and affinity chromatography on N-acetylglucosamine agarose. The purified enzyme gave only one major protein band with an apparent M(r) of 60,000 on sodium dodesyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme had maximum activity at pH 5.5 and was stable at the pH range of 4.0-10.0. Substrate specificity studies with oligosaccharides labeled with 2-aminopyridine showed that the enzyme specifically hydrolyzed lacto-N-tetraose and the N-acetyllactosamine type of triantennary sugar chain with the type 1 chain, but did not hydrolyze type 2 chain oligosaccharides or the type 1 chain oligosaccharides with fucose or sialic acid including lacto-N-fucopentaose I and II and alpha-2,3-sialyl lacto-N-tetraose. The enzyme released lacto-N-biose from asialofetuin, and almost all oligosaccharides in asialofetuin were found to have only type 2 chains. Sequential digestion of extended type 1 chain oligosaccharides with alpha-1,3/4-fucosidase and lacto-N-biosidase was possible.

Asialoglycoproteins↗
PubMed1993

Abnormal cranial magnetic resonance imaging scans in sickle-cell disease. Neurological correlates and clinical implications.

OBJECTIVE: Eight asymptomatic patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities consistent with cerebral infarcts (group 1) and eight asymptomatic patients with SCD with normal MRI scans (group 2) were followed up to assess the neurological correlates and the clinical outcome. DESIGN: Patients in the two cohorts underwent clinical evaluations and xenon 133 regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies within 1 month of the entry MRI. This study sequence was repeated up to 5 years later. Neuropsychological studies also were performed in six group 1 patients and eight group 2 patients at the end of the study. SETTING: The patients were recruited from the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center at Columbia University, New York, NY. PATIENTS: All patients had SCD, hemoglobin SS, and normal findings on clinical evaluation at entry. The group 1 cohort had clinically silent MRI abnormalities consistent with cerebral infarction. The group 2 cohort was age matched to group 1 and had normal MRI studies. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The natural history of MRI abnormalities and the neurological correlates were assessed to determine the predictive value of subclinical MRI lesions as a risk factor for clinically apparent stroke. RESULTS: The mean duration of MRI follow-up was 3.7 years. In group 1, four patients (50%) demonstrated progressive MRI abnormalities and three patients (38%) became clinically symptomatic. In group 2, findings for all patients remained normal on clinical and radiological examination. Both groups had markedly elevated rCBF values. Individual rCBF differences correlated with the specific MRI abnormalities. The psychometric study results were similar in the two cohorts. Eighty-three percent of group 1 and 88% of group 2 patients had defective scores in one or more areas of cognitive functioning. Three patients met cognitive criteria for dementia. CONCLUSIONS: Cranial MRI abnormalities have important prognostic implications even when detected in clinically asymptomatic patients. Cognitive abnormalities exist in patients with SCD even in the absence of MRI abnormalities or clinical stroke.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of cognitive changes in patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To compare cognitive changes in the dementias of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). DESIGN: Case series, group comparisons. SETTING: Ambulatory care referral center. PATIENTS: Consecutive sample of 14 patients with PD dementia and 27 with probable AD matched for overall intellectual function using a mental status test, as well as 14 non-demented PD and 12 mild probable AD patients, similarly matched for overall intellectual function. All demented patients met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Revised Third Edition, criteria for dementia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Performance on a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing verbal and nonverbal memory, verbal fluency, and constructional ability. RESULTS: Nondemented and demented patients with PD performed worse than their probable AD comparison groups on verbal fluency and visuospatial tasks. Cognitive changes attributable to dementia were similar in PD and probable AD but were not identical. The patients with probable AD demonstrated more marked change in memory performance with delay. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that when dementia occurs in PD it is overlaid on cognitive changes that already exist in nondemented patients but that the dementing process in PD involves systems other than those responsible for cognitive change in nondemented PD patients. We hypothesize that in most cases, dementia in PD involves changes in a nondopaminergic neurotransmitter system but is not due to concomitant AD.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1993

Improved or fatal acute disseminated intravascular coagulation in systemic lupus erythematosus.

To analyze the outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and also to clarify the clinical factor(s) contributing to the outcome, we retrospectively investigated 120 SLE patients treated between 1981 and 1991. Eight of these patients (6.7%) developed acute DIC; four recovered and the other four died within 2 weeks of onset. Infection preceded acute DIC in all these patients. Acute DIC associated with atypical pneumonia was always fatal, while the patients with pharyngitis or urinary tract infection survived when they were treated adequately. Comparison of the dead and surviving groups revealed that the activity of SLE before the onset of DIC, the severity of DIC, and the treatment given for DIC and the coexistent infection were not significantly related to a fatal outcome. However, severe infection such as atypical pneumonia in patients with secondary immunodeficiency was likely to be fatal irrespective of the presence of DIC.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

Combined hereditary factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) deficiency, von Willebrand's disease, and xeroderma pigmentosum in a Japanese family.

We report a 28-year-old-Japanese male who had a skin tumor derived from variant type xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), combined with factor XI (FXI) deficiency and type IIB von Willebrand's disease (vWd). The patient had abnormal bleeding history on tooth extraction. FXI clotting activity (FXI:C) and antigen (FXI:Ag) were remarkably decreased (< 0.01 U/ml, < 0.02 U/ml, respectively). Factor VIII (FVIII) clotting activity, von Willebrand factor antigen (vWf:Ag), and ristocetin cofactor (RCoF) were 0.43 U/ml, 45%, and 57%, respectively. Ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination (RIPA) revealed hyper-aggregation compared with a normal control. Multimeric composition of vWf in plasma showed a reduction in high molecular weight forms. The family study revealed two other subjects with homozygous hereditary FXI deficiency and vWd, and five subjects with heterozygous FXI deficiency. The relationship between FXI deficiency and vWd is discussed and previously reported cases are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical determinants of dementia related to stroke.

Among 251 patients examined 3 months after the onset of acute ischemic stroke, we diagnosed dementia in 66 (26.3%) by using modified DSM-III-R criteria based on neuropsychological, neurological, functional, and psychiatric examinations. We used a logistic regression model to derive odds ratios (ORs) for clinical factors independently related to dementia in this cross-sectional sample. Dementia was significantly associated with age, education, and race. A history of prior stroke (OR = 2.7) and diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.6) was also independently related to dementia, but hypertension and cardiac disease were not. Stroke features associated with dementia included lacunar infarction compared with all other subtypes combined (OR = 2.7) and hemispheric laterality in relation to brainstem or cerebellar location. There was a predominance of dementia in patients with left-sided lesions (OR = 4.7), an effect not explained by aphasia. Dementia was especially common with infarctions in the left posterior cerebral and anterior cerebral artery territories. A major dominant hemispheral syndrome (reflecting size and laterality) was also independently associated with dementia (OR = 3.9). We suggest that dementia after ischemic stroke is a result of multiple independent factors, including both small subcortical and large cortical infarcts especially involving the left medial frontal and temporal regions, with additional contributions by demographic and vascular risk factors.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Epithelia hyperplasia in the renal papilla and pelvis but not the urinary bladder of male F344 rats associated with dietary sodium phosphates after uracil exposure.

Effects of the bladder tumor promoter Na3PO4 and the non-bladder-tumor promoter NaH2PO4 on development of hyperplastic lesions of urinary bladder and renal papilla/pelvis were investigated after exposure of male F344 rats to the nongenotoxic carcinogen uracil. Animals were administered with 3.0% uracil in the diet for 4 weeks and thereafter fed 3.0% Na3PO4 or 3.0% NaH2PO4 for 32 weeks. No enhancing effect of either phosphate salt on uracil-induced proliferative lesions of urinary bladder was observed. However, the sequential treatments gave rise to enhanced development of hyperplastic lesions in the renal papilla/pelvis compared to the case with uracil alone. In addition, a small number of renal pelvic papillomas were observed in the group given Na3PO4 after uracil. These phosphate salts also induced nephrocalcinosis in the papilla/pelvis concomitant with development of renal hyperplastic lesions in this location. A sequential study revealed calculus formation and proliferative lesions in both the urinary bladder and renal papilla/pelvis after 4 weeks dietary application of uracil. After cessation, calculi disappeared and the majority of hyperplastic lesions regressed, consistent with a decrease in DNA synthesis levels. Persistence of uracil-induced epithelial hyperplasia in renal papilla/pelvis under the influence of phosphate salts might have been directly due to chronic stimulation by nephrocalcinosis in these sites.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Effects of mebendazole on Angiostrongylus costaricensis in mice, with special reference to the timing of treatment.

Mebendazole was given to mice infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis at a single dose of 5 mg/kg at 6, 11, 16 or 21 days post-infection (p.i.) and in five successive doses at 5 mg/kg daily at 6, 11 or 16 days p.i. The effects were comparatively assessed by examining various parameters in host mice and worms. As a whole, the effects of mebendazole were caused more conspicuously by five successive treatments than by a single treatment. In both treatment modalities, the effects were more remarkable in earlier treatments, and nearly complete effects were caused by five successive treatments before 15 days p.i. These results suggest that the inhibition of egg formation and/or oviposition will inhibit the pathological changes caused in the disease by A. costaricensis, especially before the onset of the changes.

Angiostrongylus↗
PubMed1993

Improvement in blastocyst hatching of mouse embryos cocultured with human placental cells.

PURPOSE: Although the hatching of embryos is an important phenomenon, the mechanism of hatching remains controversial. Therefore, we attempted to develop a new coculture system with human placental cells to investigate the hatching of mouse embryos. RESULTS: In our new system there was no difference in development from the two-cell stage to blastocysts between embryos cultured with a T6 medium and embryos cocultured with human placental cells at 1 x 10(5), 5 x 10(5), and 1 x 10(6) cells/ml. However, the hatching-rate cell number increased significantly in embryos cocultured with placental cells compared to embryos cultured without placental cells. [3H]Thymidine uptake did not show any significant difference from the beginning of in vitro culture to the hatching stage between the coculture group and the control group. Nevertheless, the [3H]uridine uptake was significantly different in the two groups, measuring 2167 +/- 532 cpm/10 embryos in the coculture group and 804 +/- 86 cpm/10 embryos in the control group at 114 hr after human chorionic gonadotropin injection (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These results therefore seem to indicate that the hatching of blastocysts depends on the protein synthesis of the embryos and not on DNA duplications.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Non-homogeneous distribution of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in various human tissues.

The distribution of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor subtypes was determined in membranes obtained from the right atrium, abdominal fat pad, kidney, lung and liver of each of three human subjects. The number of each beta-adrenoceptor subtype was calculated by nonlinear least-squares computer analysis of the competition curve of (-) [125I]iodocyanopindolol (125I-CYP) binding, using beta 1-selective antagonist CGP 20712A and beta 2-selective antagonist ICI 118,551. Competition studies using CGP 20712A indicated that both beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptor subtypes coexist in all five tissues, with marked difference in the relative proportion of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors among these tissues. Most notably, the existence of beta 1-subtypes could be clearly shown in the lung (27%) and liver (18%); according to previous reports, beta 2-subtypes are found almost exclusively in the lung and liver in humans. Regarding the kidney, the present results (beta 2-subtypes: 68%) also differed from previous human data in that beta 1-subtypes predominated. Consistent results were obtained in experiments with ICI 118,551. These results provide a new insight into the mechanisms by which catecholamines regulate a particular beta-adrenergic function in these tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Effects of organic and inorganic Ca(2+)-antagonists on acetylcholine-induced contraction in molluscan (Mytilus edulis) smooth muscle.

1. Effect of Ca(2+)-antagonist on the contractile response to acetylcholine (ACh) in molluscan (Mytilus edulis) smooth muscle was investigated. 2. ACh-induced contraction was remarkably reduced by exposure to Ca(2+)-deprived medium. 3. The organic Ca(2+)-blockers, verapamil, diltiazem and nicardipine, reduced the concentration-response curve for ACh in a concentration-dependent manner. 4. The inorganic Ca(2+)-blockers, MnCl2, NiCl2, CoCl2 and CdCl2, also reduced the concentration-response curve for ACh concentration-dependently. 5. ACh significantly increased the amounts of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) in the ABRM. 6. ACh-induced contraction in the ABRM might therefore be mediated through an influx of extracellular Ca2+ and Ca(2+)-release from IP3 sensitive intracellular pools.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1993

Changes in phospholipase A2 activity of the rabbit ampullary epithelium by ovarian steroids.

Phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) activity of the ampullary epithelium from rabbit oviducts was compared in the presence of various ovarian steroids to assess how they could modulate prostaglandins (PG) biosynthesis in the oviduct. The phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity of the cells from ovariectomized rabbits (control) was 190.8 +/- 9.8 pmol/min/mg. The PLA2 activity of the cells from progesterone-treated rabbits was 156.0 +/- 41.8 pmol/min/mg and was not significantly different from the control activity. However, the PLA2 activity of the cells from the estrogen-treated rabbits was 233.5 +/- 29.0 pmol/min/mg, which was significantly higher than the control activity (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the PLA2 activity of the cells from progesterone-treated rabbits after being primed with estrogen was 116.3 +/- 25.9 pmol/min/mg, which was significantly lower than the control activity (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the effects on PLA2 activity of ovarian steroids could regulate the local production of PG which plays a role in both smooth muscle contractility and ciliary activity.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗