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Biomedical subjects

M Sandholm

Publications and source records attributed to M Sandholm.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Heme-iron and ecology of Escherichia coli within the porcine gut.

Growth of Escherichia coli was followed in sow whey by a turbidometric technique. Heme-iron clearly promoted bacterial growth, therefore free heme would be dangerous in small intestine by enhancing bacterial growth: duodenal brush border membrane (BBM) was seen to bind heme-iron, thus abolishing the growth promoting effect of this form of iron. Scatchard analysis of heme-binding onto BBM showed that heme became bound by a specific mechanism (KD approximately equal to 10(-7) M) as well as non-specifically. The absorption system for iron within the enterocytes should be considered an important antibacterial system within the gut.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Red blood cell glutathione as a marker of milk production in Finn sheep.

Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels of erythrocytes were determined in high (GSHH) and low (GSHh) types of Finn sheep. The blood samples were drawn parallelly from jugular and mammary veins before and after milking to calculate arteriovenous differences across the mammary gland. Erythrocyte GSH levels were higher in jugular veins compared with respective mammary veins. This difference was markedly higher in high-GSH ewes. The arteriovenous difference was highest after milking. The ewes showing higher arteriovenous differences in erythrocyte GSH (high-GSH sheep) produced more milk during the first eight weeks of lactation. The results clearly indicated that erythrocyte GSH is involved in milk synthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Trypsin-inhibitors in mastitic milk and colostrum: correlation between trypsin-inhibitor capacity, bovine serum albumin and somatic cell contents.

The trypsin-inhibitor capacity of bovine milk was seen to increase in mastitis. This capacity showed good correlation with the California Mastitis Test score, somatic cell count (Counter method) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) content (radial immunodiffusion). The elevated antitrypsin level proved to be a safer indicator of mastitis than BSA alone. Using gel-filtration chromatography, the major trypsin-inhibitor activity of mastitic milk and plasma was eluted with BSA, indicating a similar mol. wt (70 000). This fraction showed electrophoretic polymorphism. A large molecular weight fraction cross-reacted immunologically with human alpha 2-macroglobulin. The antitrypsin activity in mastitic milk was clearly different from the principal activity in colostrum, which had a mol. wt of about 13 000.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Variation of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity in Finn sheep.

Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) which was analysed on a flock of Finn sheep (266 sheep) showed variable activity despite the same diet and selenium intake. Mating experiments suggested that the GSH-Px activity was genetically determined. The low GSH-Px animals showed better performance as shown by a significantly reduced mortality rate of their offspring. Evidence of larger weight gain and wool production in the low GSH-Px sheep was obtained. The GSH-Px activity slightly decreased with age. The erythrocyte GSH-Px activity did not show much correlation with other genetical markers such as the potassium type, GSH type, haemoglobin type or sex. It is proposed that the low GSH-Px may represent an adaptation to low selenium intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Faecal hydrolase activity as determined by radial enzyme diffusion: a new method for detecting pancreatic dysfunction in the dog.

A simple method was developed of measuring pancreatic hydrolase activities by allowing canine faecal, intestinal or pancreatic samples to diffuse in agar gels containing a substrate (Ca-paracaseinate, starch, corn oil). In faecal samples the protease determination proved most valuable. However, a single measurement of faecal proteolytic activity can give misleading results as a function of the hydrolase activity in the pancreas or upper small intestine because some healthy dogs did not excrete active proteases in their faeces. The faecal protease excretion could be increased in all healthy dogs to a high level of adding crude soybean to the diet but the protease activity in dogs with pancreatic degenerative atrophy (PDA) remained completely negative. The present investigation introduces a simple, reliable method of diagnosing PDA. The feed is supplemented by crude soybean for a few days and the faecal protease activity measured by radial enzyme diffusion in agar gel containing Ca-paracaseinate.

Agar↗
PubMed1980

Serum immunoreactive trypsin and trypsin inhibitors during acute pancreatitis.

Serum trypsin, total trypsin-inhibitor capacity, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin were analyzed daily in ten patients hospitalized as a result of acute pancreatitis. Markedly raised serum trypsin concentrations were found in all patients. Alpha-1-antitrypsin and the trypsin-inhibitor capacity were also significantly increased as compared to post-illness values, but alpha-2-macroglobulin tended to decrease during acute pancreatitis. The post-illness values of all these parameters were in the normal range. It is concluded that a deficiency of alpha-1-antitrypsin, trypsin-inhibitor capacity of alpha-2-macroglobulin is not present in patients with acute pancreatitis which could render the pancreas more vulnerable to its own proteases. During acute pancreatitis trypsin is released into the circulation, but it is effectively inactivated by serum protease inhibitors, mainly alpha-1-antitrypsin, which can be seen as an increased trypsin-inhibitor capacity in these patients. The use of protease inhibitors in the treatment of acute pancreatitis seems to be unnecessary against this background. Increased serum trypsin values can be used when confirming the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1980

Urinary oligosaccharides inhibit adhesion of E. coli onto canine urinary tract epithelium.

Canine urine fractions were tested for their capacity to release Escherichia coli from everted canine ureteral segments. Urine was effective in detaching epithelially-bound E. coli; the active principle was a small molecular weight carbohydrate. Treatment with lectins decreased the degree of E. coli surface colonization, which confirms the importance of the mucosal glycocalyx in adhesion. The adhesion-inhibition by the active components may be by competition, which implies that the bacteria-releasing sugars resemble the determinant sugar moieties on the epithelial glycocalyx.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1979

Alpha 1-antitrypsin and total trypsin-inhibitor capacity in acute pancreatitis.

Twenty three patients with acute pancreatitis were studied to assess the serum alpha 1-antitrypsin levels as well as the total trypsin-inhibitor capacity. These parameters were found to be normal or increased, which is not the case with patients with chronic pancreatitis. The value of protease-inhibitor treatment in acute pancreatitis is doubted.

Acute Disease↗