Biomedical subjects

M Sanaka

Publications and source records attributed to M Sanaka.

47 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1994

Current status of pregnancy in diabetic women. A comparison of pregnancy in IDDM and NIDDM mothers.

Pregnancy in diabetic patients was uncommon before 1960 in Japan. It has increased recently and there has been a 3-fold increase since 1971. Only 26% of the cases of diabetic pregnancy had IDDM; the rest of cases had NIDDM. The perinatal mortality of infants decreased from 10.8% in 1971-1975 to 1.1% in 1986-1990, but the incidence of congenital malformations remained at 5.7-8.2% during this period. From 1988 to 1992, we experienced 207 deliveries at the Diabetes Center, Tokyo Women's Medical College. The ratio of IDDM to NIDDM of the mothers was 33:67. The onset of diabetes of pregnant women occurred earlier and the duration of diabetes was longer in IDDM than in NIDDM (mean onset, 17.8 vs. 26.0 years; mean duration, 11.5 vs. 5.6 years). The prevalence of maternal complications was similar between the IDDM and NIDDM mothers. Proliferative retinopathy in NIDDM was often detected for the first time during pregnancy. Major congenital malformations were found in none of the infants of IDDM mothers but in 5.8% of the infants of NIDDM mothers. This is probably related to the poor management of diabetes in NIDDM before pregnancy.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Comparison of diagnostic criteria of IGT, borderline, and GDM. Blood glucose curve and IRI response.

A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in 615 nonobese pregnant women (mean +/- SD age 29.7 +/- 4.3 yr) who were referred to the Division of Internal Medicine at our diabetes center because of glycosuria. Seventy-seven cases were found to have urinary glucose at the first trimester, 185 at the second trimester, and 353 at the third trimester. With their 75-g OGTT results, the diagnostic criteria of borderline (formulated by the Japan Diabetes Society), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; defined by the World Health Organization [WHO]), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM; determined by the Japan Society of Obstetrics & Gynecology standards) were compared through blood glucose (BG) curves and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) responses. Borderline (fasting BG greater than or equal to 6.1 and less than 7.8 mM and 2-h BG greater than or equal to 6.7 and less than 11.1 mM) is neither diabetes nor normal. IGT is as referred to by the WHO. GDM exceeds two points of fasting BG greater than or equal to 5.6 mM, 1-h BG greater than or equal to 10.0 mM, or 2-h BG greater than or equal to 8.3 mM. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is as referred to by the Japan Diabetes Society (same as the WHO). The prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance among all 615 pregnant women was 54.6% in borderline, 24.5% in IGT, 7.3% in GDM, and 3.4% in DM. The 2-h BG levels in IGT during the first trimester were higher than in borderline (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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PubMed1991

Effect of diabetes on the free polyol pattern in cataractous lenses.

To obtain information about the effects of lenticular polyols on the prevention, initial stages, and development of diabetic cataracts, we identified and determined with gas-liquid chromatography or gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry eight polyols in cataractous lenses of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients and nondiabetic subjects. In the diabetics' lenses, the concentrations of polyols (e.g., sorbitol, fructose, mannitol, and adonitol) were higher than in the nondiabetics' lenses, whereas the concentration of 1-deoxyglucose was lower. The mean concentration of myo-inositol in lenses of diabetics was lower than that of nondiabetics, but this difference was statistically not significant. The total content of eight polyols in the diabetics' lenses did not differ significantly from that in the nondiabetics. In the lenses of diabetics, the content of glucose correlated positively with that of adonitol, fructose, and sorbitol. In the lenses of nondiabetics, the content of glucose correlated positively with that of mannitol and inversely with that of 1-deoxyglucose and myo-inositol. In diabetics, hemoglobin A1 (%) correlated positively with the concentration of adonitol in the lenses and inversely with the concentration of lens myo-inositol; however, it did not correlate with the concentration of glucose in lenses. Regulation of both the metabolism of lenticular polyols and the pattern of polyols in serum may be necessary for normalizing lenticular polyol content.

Aged↗

PubMed1990

Quantitative analysis of serum alpha 1-acid glycoprotein levels in normal and diabetic pregnancy.

In an attempt to clarify the mechanism of lipid metabolism during pregnancy, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AG) was analyzed in normal and diabetic pregnant women. Seventy-two determinations of serum alpha 1-AG levels were performed in 18 diabetic pregnant women and 82 determinations in 82 normal pregnant women in all three trimesters and within 14 days postpartum. Serum alpha 1-AG levels in both normal and diabetic pregnant women decreased throughout pregnancy and rapidly increased postpartum. In all gestational stages, the serum alpha 1-AG levels were lower in diabetic women than in normal women, but the differences were not significant. No significant correlation was obtained between serum alpha 1-AG and hemoglobin A1 (HbA1) in diabetic patients. On the contrary, the serum triglyceride levels increased during pregnancy and decreased postpartum in both groups of subjects. These findings suggest that serum alpha 1-AG plays an important role in the activation of lipoprotein lipase during pregnancy.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Elevation of immunoreactive platelet prostaglandin E and plasma prostaglandin F2 alpha in diabetic pregnancy.

Platelet prostaglandin (PG) E and plasma PGF2 alpha concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay methods and compared in non-pregnant and pregnant, normal and diabetic subjects. The blood samples were obtained in the follicular phase in the non-pregnant women and in the third trimester and after delivery in the pregnant women. The immunoreactive platelet PGE (IRPGE) levels were significantly higher in the pregnant diabetic women than in the normal non-pregnant and pregnant women and diabetic non-pregnant women. The immunoreactive plasma PGF2 alpha (IRPGF2 alpha) concentrations were significantly higher in the non-pregnant diabetic women than in the normal non-pregnant and pregnant women. During pregnancy, the plasma IRPGF2 alpha were further increased significantly in the diabetic subjects compared to the non-pregnant diabetics. Both the platelet IRPGE and plasma IRPGF2 alpha concentrations were higher in the pregnant diabetic subjects with retinopathy than in those without retinopathy. These findings suggest that pregnancy and diabetes influence the synthesis of PGE and PGF2 alpha in the platelets and plasma, respectively. The increased production of these prostaglandins are possible exacerbating factors of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy.

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PubMed1970