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Biomedical subjects

M Salvi

Publications and source records attributed to M Salvi.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Effect of bromocriptine on neurophysin secretion in pregnant women in labour.

In order to determine whether dopamine plays a role in the control of neuropituitary function in pregnant women during labour, blood levels of nicotine (NSN)- and estrogen (ESN)-stimulated neurophysins were measured in 119 women treated orally with placebo (n = 59, control group) or 5 mg bromocriptine, a potent dopaminergic receptor agonist (n = 60, experimental group). Serum samples were taken before drug ingestion (basal sample) and at delivery. The serum basal concentrations of NSN and ESN were similar in both groups of pregnant women in labour. At delivery, serum ESN levels were similar in all women regardless of the treatment, whereas NSN concentrations were significantly lower in the bromocriptine-treated women than in those who were given placebo. In additional experiments the effect of 5 mg bromocriptine on the serum concentrations of NSN and ESN was tested for 6 hours after drug ingestion in 10 healthy, non-pregnant women and in 8 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Bromocriptine did not modify the circulating levels of NSN and ESN in either of these 2 groups of women. Since NSN and ESN are thought to be associated with vasopressin and oxytocin, respectively, these results indicate that in non-pregnant women and in pregnant women during late pregnancy dopaminergic stimulation with a dopaminergic receptor agonist does not inhibit the release of either vasopressin or oxytocin during rest. In contrast, dopaminergic receptor stimulation appears to play an inhibitory role in the regulation of vasopressin, but not oxytocin secretion in pregnant women in labour.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of diltiazem, a calcium channel-blocking drug, on cardiac rate and rhythm in hyperthyroid patients.

Tachycardia and tachyarrhythmias are frequent in patients with thyrotoxicosis, especially in the elderly. Since myocardial calcium uptake is increased in thyrotoxic rats, the efficacy of the calcium channel-blocking drug diltiazem in decreasing heart rate and the incidence of arrhythmias was evaluated in 11 hyperthyroid patients. All patients were studied with a 24-hour Holter monitor prior to the beginning of sole diltiazem therapy (120 mg given every eight hours), on the tenth day of therapy, and five days after therapy was discontinued. Heart rate significantly decreased by 17% during diltiazem treatment (96.5 +/- 3.7 systoles/min vs 79.9 +/- 3.2 systoles/min [mean +/- SE]) and returned to baseline values five days after the therapy was discontinued (100.7 +/- 3.4 systoles/min). Similarly, the number of premature ventricular extrasystoles per hour was significantly decreased (18 +/- 7 vs 2 +/- 1). In three patients, asymptomatic bouts of supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia disappeared during diltiazem therapy. These findings suggest that calcium-blocking drugs may be extremely useful as adjunctive therapy for thyrotoxicosis in the presence of angina, congestive failure, and tachyarrhythmias.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Preoperative hemodilution for the prevention of postoperative deep venous thrombosis and early infectious complications in colorectal resections].

The effectiveness of heparin DHE and preoperative haemodilution (M.N.H.) for prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis (D.V.T.) and against early septic complications was investigated in a prospective controlled study on two comparable groups of patients who had undergone colorectal resections for malignant tumours. The results clearly suggested that there was no significant difference between heparin DHE and preoperative haemodilution for prophylactic effectiveness on D.V.T. yet, the percentage of postoperative septic early complications, that is insufficiency of anastomosis and abdominal wall infections, was much lower (p less than 0.001) in patients with moderate normovolaemic haemodilution (haematocrit = 30 per cent). While the number of cases reviewed was as low as 62, the point can be made that less postoperative septic complications occurred to patients with low haematocrit (30 per cent).

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Atherosclerosis and aging. A morphometric study on arterial lesions of elderly and very elderly necropsy subjects.

A histomorphometric study was performed on arterial wall lesions of different arterial regions (arch, thoracic, abdominal parts of the aorta; right and left common and internal carotid arteries; coronary arteries; and basilar and middle cerebral arteries), collected from 108 elderly and very elderly (greater than 90 years of age) subjects who underwent necropsy. Lumen stenosis percentage, mean intimal thickening, and mean thickness of the media were measured by means of a computerized system using a manual input and graphic printout; statistical tests were performed using variance and regression analysis. Results showed that the arterial wall lesions in patients over 60 years of age tend to be stabilized in all regions studied except for the cerebral region, where the lesions tend to have a continuous progression related to age, even in a group of subjects over 90 years of age.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Dopaminergic regulation of fetal growth hormone (GH) secretion: study with maternal administration of bromocriptine.

To investigate the role of dopaminergic pathways on the control of growth hormone (GH) secretion, bromocriptine (BMC), a dopamine agonist drug, was orally administered at the dose of 5 mg to 46 pregnant women during labor whereas 41 received placebo. Maternal blood was obtained before drug administration and at delivery. Cord blood was obtained at delivery. Following the interval of time elapsed between BMC or placebo ingestion and parturition, maternal and cord blood samples were divided in 7 groups for statistical analysis. Cord blood GH resulted significantly higher than the corresponding maternal value (p less than 0.001). No significant change in GH values was observed nor in samples of mothers treated with BMC compared to mothers treated with placebo neither in cord blood samples of the corresponding neonates. These findings indicate that BMC administration does not modify GH secretion in the term fetus.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1987

Pregnancy and autoimmune thyroid disease.

Pregnancy has profound effects on the course of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Understanding of this interrelationship may clarify the role of the numerous immunologic gestational alterations that facilitate survival of the fetal allograft. Also, it should provide a more rational basis in the management of Graves' hyperthyroidism during pregnancy. Epidemiologic data indicate that screening for thyroid dysfunction appears justified in women in the postpartum period. The natural history of the postpartum thyroiditis syndrome remains to be fully evaluated, but the evidence indicates thyroid abnormalities can still be found in many patients several years after onset. Accordingly, the importance of follow-up cannot be overemphasized.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sodium ipodate and iodide on free T4 and free T3 concentrations in patients with Graves' disease.

Graves' hyperthyroid patients were treated daily for 10 days with 1 g sodium ipodate, a cholecystographic agent which exerts a blocking effect on the peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, or with 12 drops of saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI). Serum concentrations of free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) were measured before, during and 5 and 10 days after the administration of each drug. Sodium ipodate treatment induced a rapid decrement of serum FT4 concentrations which declined from 48.9 +/- 6.6 pg/ml to 26.0 +/- 2.7 pg/ml. In these patients serum FT3 concentrations declined from 12.4 +/- 2.0 pg/ml to 2.5 +/- 0.4 pg/ml. Ten days after sodium ipodate withdrawal, serum FT4 and FT3 concentrations returned to baseline values. In patients treated with SSKI serum FT4 concentrations declined from 51.1 +/- 8.8 pg/ml to 11.3 +/- 1.4 pg/ml and FT3 from 15.7 +/- 2 pg/ml to 2.6 +/- 0.3 pg/ml. Moreover, after therapy interruption serum free thyroid hormone concentrations returned to baseline values in these patients. Serum FT4 pattern during the study was not different between the two groups of subjects whereas serum FT3 concentrations were significantly lower in patients treated with sodium ipodate. These findings indicate that SSKI and sodium ipodate are effective in inducing a rapid decrement of serum free thyroid hormone concentrations. Therefore the employment of these drugs may be useful in the treatment of patients with thyroid storm and those undergoing thyroidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Basal and glucose- and arginine-stimulated serum concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon in hyperthyroid patients.

The effect of oral glucose and arginine infusion on plasma glucose, glucagon, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations was evaluated in 16 patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease and in ten euthyroid age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Basal plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher in the hyperthyroid patients, but the plasma glucose response following glucose and arginine administration was similar in the two groups. The insulin response was similar in the hyperthyroid and normal subjects after glucose administration and significantly lower during arginine infusion in the hyperthyroid patients. The serum C-peptide response to both glucose and arginine administration was markedly blunted in the hyperthyroid patients, and the plasma glucagon response to arginine infusion was decreased. These results suggest that pancreatic beta and alpha cell secretory function is impaired in hyperthyroidism as assessed by C-peptide and glucagon secretion following oral glucose administration and arginine infusion. The apparent discrepancy between C-peptide and insulin secretion in the hyperthyroid patients following glucose administration might be due to diminished hepatic extraction of insulin or enhanced metabolism of C-peptide.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Cardiopulmonary bypass: a low T4 and T3 syndrome with blunted thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

Thyroid hormone serum concentrations, the thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were evaluated in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) conducted in hypothermia. During CPB a marked decrease of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentration with a concomitant increase of reverse T3 (rT3) were observed similarly to other clinical states associated with the 'low T3 syndrome'. Furthermore, in the present study elevated FT4 and FT3 concentrations were observed. In a group of patients, TRH administered during CPB at 26 degrees C elicited a markedly blunted TSH response. In these patients, PRL concentration was elevated but did not significantly increase after TRH. The increased concentrations of FT4 and FT3 were probably due to the large doses of heparin administered to these patients. Thus, the blunted response of TSH to TRH might be the consequence of the elevation of FT4 and FT3 in serum, however, other factors might play a role since also the PRL response to TRH was blocked.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Goiter size and thyroid function in an endemic goiter area in northern Italy.

Thyroid function was studied in a large number of subjects residing in Varsi, a town in the province of Parma, Italy. In this area, endemic goiter associated with moderate iodine deficiency [59 +/- 3 (+/- SE) microgram iodine/g creatinine], as defined by WHO criteria, affects 65% of the population. Serum T4, T3, thyroglobulin (Tg), and TSH concentrations were measured by RIA in 1218 subjects. The TSH response to TRH was determined in 108 subjects selected randomly from the groups with different grades of goiter. No significant change in serum T4 concentrations was found in subjects with different grades of goiter. Serum T3 concentrations were higher in subjects with the larger goiters. Serum Tg concentration progressively increased, and serum TSH progressively decreased with increasing goiter size. The TSH response to TRH was diminished in subjects with larger goiters. The findings of decreasing serum TSH concentrations and blunted TSH responses to TRH as goiter size increased suggest the possibility of autonomous thyroid function in the larger goiters in subjects residing in this area of moderate iodine deficiency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Human foetal prolactin but not thyrotropin secretion is decreased by bromocriptine.

In the adult, dopamine inhibits prolactin (Prl) secretion and less so thyrotropin (TSH) release. Little information is available concerning the role of dopaminergic stimuli in the regulation of TSH and Prl secretion in the term human foetus. The dopamine agonist, bromocriptine (5 mg), or placebo were randomly administered orally to 120 pregnant women during labour. Maternal and foetal cord blood was obtained at parturition and analyzed for Prl, TSH, T4, T3 and rT3 concentrations. Since the time of parturition is unpredictable, maternal and cord blood hormone values were grouped at intervals of time from the time of bromocriptine or placebo administration to delivery. Hormone values were compared between the bromocriptine and placebo groups by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bromocriptine markedly inhibited maternal serum Prl concentrations compared to values in the placebo treated women (P less than 0.001) and this decrease was more marked as the time interval between bromocriptine administration and delivery increased (P less than 0.001, regression analysis). Cord blood Prl was also significantly lower in newborns whose mothers received bromocriptine (P less than 0.001). Bromocriptine significantly inhibited maternal serum TSH concentrations as compared to values in women treated with placebo (P less than 0.006). In contrast, bromocriptine administration did not affect cord blood TSH concentrations. These findings suggest that bromocriptine crosses the term human placenta and suppresses foetal Prl secretion. In contrast to the small inhibition of TSH secretion in pregnant women, bromocriptine does not affect foetal TSH secretion suggesting that regulation of TSH secretion in the term foetus may not be under dopaminergic control.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the measurement of autoantibodies against eye muscle membrane antigens in Graves' ophthalmopathy.

We have tested for antibodies against human and pig eye muscle membrane antigens in the serum of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Several different membrane preparations were used as source of putative antigen including a 100,000 X g pellet, a pellet depleted of the 100,000 X g (microsome) fraction, and solubilized membranes. With eye muscle membrane pellets there were no significant differences for either serum or immunoglobulins between patients with ophthalmopathy, those with autoimmune thyroid disorders without eye disease, and normal subjects for either human or pig membranes, although tests were positive determined from the upper limit of normal in a few patients with or without eye disease. This was the case regardless of the enzyme-antibody conjugate used, the membrane protein concentration or serum or immunoglobulin dilution. Pre-absorption of tissue fractions, serum, or immunoglobulins, with red blood cells or liver powder, eye muscle membranes or skeletal muscle membranes did not significantly reduce back-ground binding which was often very high, or enhance the difference between patients with ophthalmopathy and normal subjects. It was found that non-specific binding to the plastic surface of the microplates and/or tissue proteins, the presence, in human tissues, of blood-derived immunoglobulins which gave strong reactions in the ELISA, and variable fixation of membrane pellets to the plates were factors which made ELISA unsatisfactory when crude membrane pellets were used as antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of glucagon on intestinal microcirculation].

Examinations in rats were carried out for investigating the glucagon effect on the bowel microcirculation. After intramuscular injection of glucagon an increase of the pO2, a decrease of the pCO2, and a consistent pH value were observed in the mesenteric vein. The results showed that by means of glucagon arteriovenous shunts of the bowel mucosa were opened. This leads to the exclusion of the capillary network in the villi.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Delayed development of intimal lesions in cerebral arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats subjected to a short-term atherogenic diet (TEM observations).

In adult spontaneously hypertensive rats, subjected to an atherogenic diet (2% cholic acid in a 5% hypercholesterolic diet) for 19 weeks both aortic and carotid artery lesions were already detectable on TEM examination while the cerebral arteries did not show any lesions. Similar findings have been previously obtained in rabbits and in monkeys on atherogenic diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Cysts of the parathyroid glands].

Cysts of epithelial bodies are rare causes of hyperparathyroidism. Reported in this paper are 2 patients with clinical symptoms of hyperparathyroidism, high blood calcium levels and established hormones in their epithelial bodies. Cysts of epithelial bodies were diagnosed by means of angiography, computed tomography, and sonography. Various aetiological factors behind cyst formation in epithelial bodies are discussed.

Adenoma↗